• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.269-282
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• 2021

This review aimed to assess and compare the outcomes of the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and Gow-Gates mandibular nerve block (GGMNB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. A descriptive systematic review of quantitative research was conducted wherein the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA)" was adopted, and the Problem/Patient/Population, Intervention/Indicator, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) criteria were used to structure the research question. A literature search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Ovid. Selection criteria were applied for populations over nine years of age, of either sex, with irreversible pulpitis, and articles published in English regarding conventional IANB or IANB and Gow-Gates techniques between 2009 and 2019. Prospective randomized clinical trials or randomized controlled trials were included in the review, in which anesthetic efficacy or success was measured. After screening, four articles were included. Three studies were randomized clinical trials, and two were randomized controlled trials. The validity and reliability of the individual studies were examined. There was evidence of the higher efficacy of the GGMNB technique than that of the IANB technique. However, both techniques can be mastered through training.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

Background: The fear of needle insertion and pain during anesthesia is a source of patient dissatisfaction in dentistry. Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) remains the most common type of block and is in itself painful. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) has been proven to reduce the pain associated with injection of anesthetics in various blocks. However, the efficacy of CCLAD for IANB in adults remains unknown. Methods: Sixty-four adult patients requiring bilateral IANB were selected and divided into two groups: group A (50 patients receiving IANB via CCLAD) and group B (50 patients receiving IANB using a conventional cartridge syringe). Pain perception and patient comfort were assessed using the visual analog scale and the 5-point semantic scale, respectively. Results: The pain perception was compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the P value was 0.003. The patient comfort was also compared using the same test, and the P value was 0.484. Conclusion: A significant difference was observed in the pain perception of the patients during CCLAD. The patient comfort was grossly equal for both techniques.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2019

PURPOSE. Comparing the accuracy of casts produced from digital workflow to that of casts produced from conventional techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Whole arch alginate (ALG) and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impressions were taken with stock trays and custom trays, respectively. The ALG impressions were poured with type III dental stone, while the PVS impressions were poured with type IV dental stone. For the digital workflow, IOS impressions were taken and physical casts were produced by 3D printing. In addition, 3D printed casts were produced from images obtained from a laboratory scanner (LS). For each technique, a total of 10 casts were produced. The accuracies of the whole arch and separated teeth were virtually quantified. RESULTS. Whole arch cast accuracy was more superior for PVS followed by LS, ALG, and IOS. The PVS and ALG groups were inferior in the areas more susceptible to impression material distortion, such as fossae and undercut regions. The LS casts appeared to have generalized errors of minor magnitude influencing primarily the posterior teeth. The IOS casts were considerably more affected at the posterior region. On the contrary, the IOS and LS casts were more superior for single tooth accuracy followed by PVS and ALG. CONCLUSION. For whole arch accuracy, casts produced from IOS were inferior to those produced from PVS and ALG. The inferior outcome of IOS appears to be related to the span of scanning. For single tooth accuracy, IOS showed superior accuracy compared to conventional impressions.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the common conditions associated with mandibular canal widening. Materials and Methods: General search engines and specialized databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Scopus were used to find relevant studies by using the following keywords: "mandibular canal," "alveolar canal," "inferior alveolar nerve canal," "inferior dental canal," "inferior mandibular canal," "widening," "enlargement," "distension," "expansion," and "dilation." Results: In total, 130 articles were found, of which 80 were broadly relevant to the topic. We ultimately included 38 articles that were closely related to the topic of interest. When the data were compiled, the following 7 lesions were found to have a relationship with mandibular canal widening: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, osteosarcoma, schwannoma, neurofibroma, vascular malformation/hemangioma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, and perineural spreading or invasion. Conclusion: When clinicians encounter a lesion associated with mandibular canal widening, they should immediately consider these entities in the differential diagnosis. Doing so will help dentists make more accurate diagnoses and develop better treatment plans based on patients' radiographs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2022

The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap has been widely used for autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy. In the conventional surgical method, a long incision is needed at the anterior fascia of the rectus abdominis muscle to obtain sufficient pedicle length; this may increase the risk of incisional hernia. To shorten the incision, several trials have investigated the use of endoscopic/robotic devices for pedicle harvest; however, making multiple additional incisions for port insertion and operating in the intraperitoneal field were inevitable. Here, we describe the first case, in which a DIEP free flap was successfully made using the da Vinci SP model. Our findings can help surgeons perform operations in smaller fields with a single port in the extraperitoneal space. Moreover, this method is expected to lead to fewer donor-related complications and faster healing.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.141-160
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• 2021

The scale of global FDI has been decreasing since 2016 due to the ongoing US-China trade dispute, the strengthening of FDI inflow screening regulations with concern over strategic technology leaks, and the spread of reshoring trends due to the reinforcement of national preferences. Eventually, the competition to attract FDI between countries is expected to become more intense. Therefore, in order to attract high-quality FDI for Korea that will contribute to the development of the national economy, it is pressing to evaluate and improve the domestic FDI attraction environment. This study aims to analyze which areas of Korea's economic and non-economic environments need improvement for gaining advantage amid the fierce competition to attract FDI between countries, by the relative comparison between Korea and the U.S., and based on the ranking indicated in key FDI attractiveness indices. As a result, improvement is needed in the following areas. First, according to IMD's "World Competitiveness Ranking 2020," Korea was inferior to the US in terms of business efficiency, productivity, finance and business legislation in terms of government efficiency. Second, according to INSEAD's "Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2020," Korea was inferior to the US in terms of internal openness, external openness, employability, lifelong learning, access to growth opportunity, and business and labor landscapes. Third, according to WEF's "Global Competitiveness Index 2019", Korea was inferior to the US in terms of product market, labor market, business dynamism and workforce skills.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 1991

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low - power laser used in the medical field for various purposes to suppress pain responses evoked by noxious electrical or mechanical stimuli. After both inferior alveolar nerves and the left anterior digastric muscle of cats under general anesthesia were exposed, a recording electrode for the jaw opening reflex was inserted into the anterior digastric muscle. The right inferior alveolar nerve was dissected under a surgical microscope until the response of the functional single nerve could be evoked by the electrical stimulation of the dental pulp or oral mucosa. The electrical stimulus was applied with a rectangular pulse of 10 ms duration for measuring the threshold intensity of a single nerve fiber in the inferior alveolar nerve which responds to stimulation of dental pulp and oral mucosa. Then a pulse of 1 ms duration was applied for determination of conduction velocity. A noxious mechanical stimulus to the oral mucosa was applied by clamping the receptive field with an arterial clamp. The Ga-As diodide laser(wave length, 904 nm ; frequency, 1,000 Hz) was irradiated to the prepared tooth cavity, inferior alveolar nerve and oral mucosa as a pulse wave of 2 mW for 6 minutes. This was followed by a continuous wave of 15 mW for 3 minutes. The action potential of the nerve and EMG of the digastric muscle evoked by the noxious electrical stimulus and nerve response to noxious mechanical stimulus were compared at intervals of before, immediately after, and at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 minutes after laser irradiation. The results were as follows: The conduction velocity of the intrapulpal $A{\delta}$- nerve fiber recorded from the inferior alveolar nerve before irradiation had a mean value of $6.68{\pm}2.07m/sec$. The laser irradiation did not affect the conduction velocity of the AS - nerve fiber and did not change the threshold intensity or amplitude of the action potential either. The EMG of the digastric muscle evoked by noxious electrical stimulation to the tooth was not changed by the laser irradiation, whether in latency, threshold intensity or amplitude. The laser irradiated to the receptive field of the oral mucosa which was subjected to noxious stimuli did not affect the amplitude of the action potential or the frequency either.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the open medial (glenoid-based) anterior-inferior capsular shift in patients with multidirectional shoulder instability. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 19 patients treated by medial anterior-inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability from March, 1998 to December, 2003. 15 patients of them have experienced recurrent dislocation. 8 patients(42%) showed bilateral laxity and 11 patients(58%) generalized ligamentous laxity, and 2 patients(10.5%) voluntary subluxation. An average follow-up was 24 months (range : $9{\sim}32$ months). Results: Pain improved in 18 patients of all. There was an average loss of 10 degree of external rotation, but no limitation of activity of daily living. There was no redislocation and subluxation, but two patients had some apprehension in sports activity. With Rowe score, the result was excellent or good in all patients. There were hematoma and local skin problem in 1 patient, but all had healed up. Conclusion: Medial anterior-inferior capsular shift in multidirectional shoulder instability provided satisfactory results in pain relief, patient's satisfactions and stability of glenohumeral joint. Though some of them have anterior gleniod deformities and large Hill-Sachs lesions, we could get good stabilities.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in kinematic variables for mogul short turn motion between superior and inferior group, so that it can explore more effective mogul short turn motions. To meet the goals, this study selected total 10 ski players who would participate in mogul short turn event of the National Technical Ski Championship 2007, so that it could analyze kinematic variables by way of 3D motion analysis using DLT method. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions; For total and phase-specific duration, it was found that superior group took shorter time than inferior group. Superior group's Center of Mass was stands for more high value in up-down movement skill than inferior group. However right-left movement scale was less than them. In this reason, superior group was made a straight descent at the same time made a fast front-rear velocity. In the part of up-down movement velocity show that move slowly in the drop-in phase while increased in the bump-up phase. It is show that superior group was less tinny than inferior group include joint angle and knee joint angle. However leaning angle of trunk and the body inclination angle were more high figured than inferior group. Leaning angle of lower limbs also showed high figure at the center mogul. Lastly, In the part of body torsion angle show that superior group was high figure direction of right turn in the drop-in phase while in bump-up phase, made a high figure direction of left turn.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

Purpose: Inevitably, Maxillary structural defect follows maxillary cancer extirpation. Maxillary reconstruction is over every surgeon's head. Every physician tried to overcome limited donor site of craniofacial defect. We considered to suggest optimal method of inferior orbital wall defect in functional point as well as esthetic point. Methods: We performed wide excision of maxilla and vascularized partial thickness calvarial bone flap to reconstruct the defect from cancer extirpation in three cases. We select ipsilateral superficial temporal artery, vein and outer cortex of parietal bone flap as donor. And we applied bone flap as inferior orbital wall structure. The bony surface was wrapped with fascia to prevent direct contact between orbital contents and rough bony flap surface. Computed tomography image was checked during follolw up period. Results: We can observe these patients for over two years. In all three cases, We can get fair inferior orbital wall structure. Even though they got radiation therapy, there was no limitation of extraocular movements, no diplopia. no enophthalmos. Also there was minimal donor site morbidity. Conclusion: We suggest vascularized calvarial bone flap is practically excellent strategy for inferior orbital wall reconstruction.