• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.217-242
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• 2006

본 연구는 국내 문헌정보학분야의 대표적인 4개 학술지에 2001부터 2004까지 발표된 792편의 연구논문 중 추론통계를 사용한 86편의 연구논문에서 활용한 데이터 수집방법과 추론통계기법을 비평적으로 고찰하였다. 표집방법별로 그리고 신뢰도검사와 가설과 모형의 검정에 사용된 통계기법별로 대표 연구논문을 소개하고, 사용된 기법으로 데이터를 수집하고 분석하는 과정에서 보인 문제점들을 논의하였다. 분석된 연구에서 표집방법으로는 확률표집보다는 비확률표집이 주로 사용되었으며, 질문지를 이용하여 데이터를 수집한 연구의 평균응답률은 74.47%로 분석되었으나, 응답률이 낮을 경우 무응답으로 인한 표집과정의 오류를 밝히려는 노력은 부족한 것으로 파악되었다. 추론통계기법 중 특히 신뢰도검사, 교차분석, 다중회귀분석, 요인분석, 다차원척도를 사용하는데 문제가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inferential reading strategy program on text comprehension and Korean language academic achievements of vocational high school students. We developed the program of inferential reading strategy, applied it to an educational spot, and examined the effects of it on text comprehension ability and Korean language academic achievements of learners. ANCOVA was used for data analysis with SPSS ver.12.0 statistic program. The main findings of this study were as follows. First, the experimental group which had been conducted with the inferential reading strategy program showed statistically significant difference in their text comprehension ability from controlled group. Second, the experimental group showed statistically significant difference in their Korean language academic achievements ability from controlled group. The study shows that the inferential reading strategy program had effect on the text comprehension and Korean language academic achievements of vocational high school students.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.143-172
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• 2010

In this paper, we present an analysis of how students understand some statistical terms, mainly from inferential statistics, which are taught at the high school level. We focus our analysis on those terms that present more difficulties and are persistent in spite of having been studied until the college level. This analysis leads us to a hierarchical classification of responses at different levels of understanding using the SOLO theoretical framework.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.119-138
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• 2006

본 연구는 국내외 문헌정보학분야의 대표적인 10개 학술지에서 2001부터 2004까지 발표된 1,768편의 연구논문을 대상으로 통계사용을 비교하였고, 그 중 추론통계를 사용한 345편의 논문에서 사용된 추론통계기법을 국내외, 학술지 주제영역별, 논문의 연구주제별, 연구방법별, 저자의 전공별로 분석하였다. 2001년 이후 기술통계와 추론통계의 사용은 증가하였으나, 외국에 비하여 국내에서의 사용률은 유의하게 낮은 차이를 보였다. 추론통계를 사용한 345편의 논문은 국내외, 학술지 주제영역별, 연구주제별, 연구방법별, 저자의 전공별 차이가 있었다. 사용된 추론통계기법은 국내외 간에, 학술지 주제영역 간에 차이가 있었다. 전체적으로 다변량분석이 가장 많이 사용되었다. 추론통계를 사용하는데는 가설 설정에서부터 가설을 검정하고, 검정통계량과 유의확률을 제시하고, 모형의 적합성을 해석하는데 보다 주의깊은 논의가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2003

We propose modified exact inferential methods in logistic regression model. Exact conditional distribution in logistic regression model is often highly discrete, and ordinary exact inference in logistic regression is conservative, because of the discreteness of the distribution. For the exact inference in logistic regression model we utilize the modified P-value. The modified P-value can not exceed the ordinary P-value, so the test of size $\alpha$ based on the modified P-value is less conservative. The modified exact confidence interval maintains at least a fixed confidence level but tends to be much narrower. The approach inverts results of a test with a modified P-value utilizing the test statistic and table probabilities in logistic regression model.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.105-130
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the statistical methods errors used in the journal of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine(JORM) and to identify the types of errors in statistical analysis. Methods : We reviewed quantitative articles that were published in the JORM from January 2005 through October 2009. Those were not used by statistical analysis such as literature studies, case study, review articles were not included in this analysis. A total of 296 articles was reviewed. We evaluated the adequacy and the validity of the statistical techniques with our checklist established be modified Lee's checklist, and three statistical evaluators assessed together to minimize bias. Results : Of the 222 articles, 213 were used in inferential and descriptive statistics. Of those 80% of articles adopting descriptive and inferential statistics were detected having statistical errors. One articles used 1.7 statistical method unit generally. Most frequently employed statistics were student t-test, one way ANOVA. pearson correlation analysis, Mann-whitney U test, paired t-test, and chi-square test in their order. However, most frequent statistics having errors were similar in order. The most common statistic errors were as follow: 1. absence of normality test, 2. misuse between paired test and unpaired test, 3. wrong choice of repeated measures analysis without consideration of time variables, 4, increase of Type I error by using inappropriate multiple test, 5. inappropriate application of discrete or categorical data instead of continuous data in correlation analysis, 6. poor consideration of basic consumption in chi-square test, 7. confusion between frequency comparison and average comparison, 8. mentioning the statistical technique without using it. Conclusions : We found various mistake or misuses in the applications of statistical methodologies in the articles published in the JORM. Careful consideration of statistical use and review from the specialist of statistics are warranted for improving the quality of JORM.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess the statistical methods used in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine and to identify the types of errors in the statistical analysis. 2. Methods We have reviewed quantitative articles published in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine from 2000 to 2009. Except for the case report, a total of 505 articles was reviewed by year. We focused on the methods of statistics in these articles. We have analysed the number of thesis used the statistical methods, the number of the statistical methods, the types of the statistical methods, and the errors of the statistical methods with the object of 202 thesis used the statistical method. 3. Results 1. Of the 370 articles, 202 used inferential statistics. 2. The most dominant was the thesis with one type of the statistical method forming 61.9% (125 thesis) of the total. 3. The ANOVA was the statistic of choice overall (40.1%), followed by the t-test (35.6%). 4. By examining the errors of the statistical methods, there were 49 thesis with errors among 81 thesis using ANOVA, 25 thesis among 72 thesis using t-test, and 18 over 62 thesis using chi-squared test. 4. Conclusions We have found various mistakes or misuses in the applications of statistical methodologies in the articles published in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. It is necessary to present the cases of inappropriate statistical methods in order to improve the quality of academic researches. So long as Sasang constitutional medicine uses the statistical methods, researchers should fully examine and be aware of the statistical methods which they wish to use through other research articles, and statistic publications.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

This study empirically examined the effect of female director on tax aggressiveness of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The main objective of this research was to empirically investigate the effect of female board members on tax aggressiveness, determine the composition and representation of female directors on the board of insurance companies, find out how tax aggressive are listed insurance firms and apply the BLAU (1977) index method to measure female director representation as a departure from conventional approaches specifically in the Nigerian context in the reference period, 2014 to 2018. The population of the study consists of all the quoted insurance firms as at 31st December, 2016. A sample of twenty eight (28) quoted insurance firms was selected and data were collected over the period. Inferential statistic consisting of the General Method of Moment was used for the data analysis. The results obtained reveal that board size is negative and exerts significant impact on tax aggressiveness in insurance firms in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that the Federal government has to come up with a policy to respond to the marginalization of female on the insurance firm corporate board in Nigeria. The aim of this policy thrust should be targeted at reducing politics and biasness against women on the corporate boards of listed insurance firms.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

This study was aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge of the health effects of cigarette smoking on health and wellbeing among adults. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. Two hundred and seventy copies of the questionnaire collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. The influence of gender on the knowledge of the negative effect of cigarette smoking among adults in sokoto. The results shows that 48% agreed on the negative effects of showing among male followed by 29.3% among female, those who undecided 8.8% male and 4.4% females while those who disagree are 6.2% for male and 2.5% for female. The research concluded that the knowledge of negative effect of cigarette smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis was very good across the different variable (marital status, gender, and year in higher institution) with single, male and first year in higher institution showing significantly good knowledge of the negative effect of cigarette smoking.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Smoking has become one of the public health harzard affecting the world. In the UK, smoking is responsible for around one in five deaths. The illnesses caused by smoking extend beyond the well-reported links with cancer, heart disease and respiratory illnesses. Hence the research to determine the awareness of the predisposing factor to smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. This is because descriptive studies are used when the characteristics of a population are either unknown or partially known (Hennekens & Buring, 2007), and it was used by Ganley and Rosario (2013) in a related research this justified the use of similar design in a study of similar nature.Two hundred and seventy returned questionnaire was collected, analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. There was statistical significant influence or relationship with marital status on the predisposing factors of smoking chi-square of 19716.516 greater than the critical value 43.77297at df 30 p<0.05. There were statistical significance chi-square =27468.348 which is greater than the critical value 43.77297 at df= 30. These show that there is a relationship on gender awareness of predisposing factors to smoking rejecting the null hypotheses. The respondents across different lever/year higher institution shows that the awareness of predisposing factors of smoking there were a statistical significance difference chi-square =7168.429 (df=88) greater than critical value 102.342 rejecting the null hypotheses. There is consistent evidence that links exposure to depictions of smoking in movies and initiation of smoking in young people. Over the years television shows and films have effectively built up associations between smoking and glamour, sex and risk-taking. Social learning theory describes how we learn by example from others. We are strongly influenced by our parents, and other people we look up to, such as peers, actors and pop stars. This can lead us to emulate their behaviour and try smoking.