• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.21.1-21.7
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• 2022

Newcastle disease (ND), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) can be similar making it critical to quickly differentiate them. Herein, we adapted pre-existing molecular-based diagnostic assays for NDV and ILTV, and developed new assays for aMPV A and B, for use under synchronized thermocycling conditions. All assays performed equivalently with linearity over a 5 log₁₀ dynamic range, a reproducible (R² > 0.99) limit of detection of ≥ 10 target copies, and amplification efficiencies between 86.8%-98.2%. Using biological specimens for NDV and ILTV showed 100% specificity. Identical amplification conditions will simplify procedures for detection in diagnostic laboratories.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1993

To evaluate the pathogenesis of live infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine, virus, virus and E.coli were inoculated in 4-weeks old intraorbitally and intraorally. Their pathology and serology were studied. The results were as follows. 1. thicks Inoculated with ILT vaccine alone showed no clinical sign. 2. Some of chicks inoculated with ILT vaccine followed by E.coli after 1day showed nasal discharge and cough. 3. Some of chicks inoculated with E. coli followed by ILT vaccine after 1 day and inoculated ILT vaccine and E.coli concurrently, showed nasal discharge. 4. Serum neutralization titers of chicks inoculated with ILT vaccine increased 3 weeks after Inoculation, peaked at 7 to 8 weeks and decreased. 5. Antibiotic sensitivity of E.coli were higher in Enrofloxacin (Baytril) and chloramphenical.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.401-408
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• 1987

세포융합기술(細胞融合技術)을 이용하여 소전염성비기관염(傳染性鼻氣管炎)바이러스(IBRV) 항원(抗原)에 대응(對應)하는 9주(株) 단(單)클론성항체(性抗體)를 생산하였으며, 이들 항체(抗體)의 특성(特性)을 형광항체법(螢光抗體法), 혈청중화시험(血淸中和試驗) 및 전기영동분석법(電氣泳動分析法)으로 시험(試驗)하였다. 생산된 2종(種)의 단(單)클론성 항체(抗體)중 8종(種)은 IBRV이외의 Pseudorabies virus, Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Marek's disease virus, Japanese B encephalitis virus, Porcine parvovirus, Transmissible gastroenteritis virus, Hogcholera virus와 교차반응(交叉反應)이 없는 특이항체(特異抗體)였으나 1종(種)은 Pseudorabies virus와 교차(交叉)하는 항체(抗體)였다. 이들 단(單)클론성 항체중 중화능력(中和能力)이 있는 2주(株)는 IBRV 항원단백(抗原蛋白)중 분자량 72K 또는 125K 달톤의 항원(抗原)에 대응하는 항체(抗體)였으며, 94K 달톤의 항원(抗原)에 대응하는 단(單)클론성 항체(抗體)는 중화력(中和力)이 인정되지 않았다. 한편 1종의 교차반응성(交叉反應性) 항체(抗體)는 분자량 100K 달톤의 IBRV 항원(抗原)과 40K의 Pseudorabies virus 항원(抗原)에 대응하는 항체(抗體)로 밝혀졌다. 생산된 항체(抗體)중 중화력(中和力)이 있고 IBRV 항원(抗原)의 72K 달톤 단백질(蛋白質)에 대응하는 7-C-2 항체(抗體)를 이용하여 야외분리주(野外分離株) IBRV의 항원(抗原) 동정(同定)이 가능(可能)하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2002

Modified-live (ML) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccines have been widely used as a preventive measure in Korea since the first outbreak of ITL. Recently, it has been observed that chickens vaccinated with the commercially available ML ILT vaccine have sometimes exhibited adverse clinical signs. In this study, we evaluated the quality of the vaccines by comparing titer of each vaccine batch and testing the stability of ILT virus (ILTV) in vaccine diluents and compared the safety and efficacy of vaccines in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The ratio of maximum titer to minimum titer of vaccine produced by most manufacturers was 2 to 15. However, 2 out of 11 manufacturers produced vaccines of which the ratio was 74 to 478. Most vaccines examined were maintained vaccine titers suitable for national regulations within expiry date. However, some vaccines did not keep the titer required for the national regulations. In the test for stability of ILTV in various diluents, ILTV was highly stable in lactose-phosphate-glutamine-gelatin solution, sucrose-phophate-glutamine-albumin solution and some vaccine diluents produced by manufacturers. The safety of ML ILT vaccines was assessed in 10-day-old SPF chicks. Mortality in SPF chicks inoculated intratracheally with one dose of vaccine varied depending on vaccines and some vaccines produced 50-85% mortality. Seven-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated intraocularly with ML ILT vaccines and then challenged intratracheally with ILT challenge virus 14 days after vaccination. The protection rate was assessed by clinical signs and reisolation of the ILT challenge virus from tracheas taken at day 4 after challenge. There were slight respiratory reactions in some vaccinated chickens after vaccination but these reactions disappeared within 5 days after vaccination. No further clinical signs and death were observed. Protection rate determined by clinical signs and mortality was 100% in all vaccinated groups. However, the challenge virus was isolated from all tracheas of chickens vaccinated with vaccine B or control groups. The challenge virus was also isolated in the trachea of one in five chickens vaccinated with either vaccine F or K, but not in tracheas of chickens vaccinated with other vaccines. In the present study, the stability of vaccine diluents, pathogenicity and protection rate based on reisolation test of the challenge virus were different depending on vaccines produced by eleven manufacturers.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.726-735
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• 2010

전염성기관지염 바이러스(infectious bronchitis virus: IBV), 조류 뉴모 바이러스(Avian pneumovirus: APV), 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 (Newcastle disease virus: NDV), 조류인플루엔자 바이러스(avian influenza virus: AIV) 전염성 후두기관염 바이러스 (infectious laryngotracheitis virus: ILTV)는 닭의 호흡기에 직접 감염하여 호흡기질환을 일으키는 대표적인 바이러스로 알려져 있다. 그 밖에 아데노바이러스(adenovirus)와 레오바이러스 (reovirus)도 닭의 상부호흡기에 침투하여 피해를 입히는 이차적 원인체로 작용할 수 있다. 이들중 APV와 ILTV는 닭의 호흡기도에 국한되어 증식하지만 IBV, NDV, AIV의 경우 호흡기도 이외의 장기에서 증식이 가능하여 그 피해가 다양하게 나타나 문제 시 되기도 한다 (예: 산란장기 및 신장 (IBV), 소화기 (NDV, IBV, AIV), 중추신경계 (NDV, AIV)). 이외에도 상당수의 감염성 질환이 닭의 호흡기에 영향을 미칠 수 있으나, 해당 농장의 호흡기 피해가 어떤 질병에 의한 것인지 명확히 파악하지 못한 채 단순 항생제 처방에만 의지하는 경우가 많은 것이 현실이다. 따라서 국내 양계농가에서 문제시되는 주요 호흡기 질병과 이들의 감수성을 증대시키는 요인을 파악하는 것이 필요하고, 호흡기 질병의 피해에 대한 재인식과 아울러 호흡기 질병 피해 감소를 위한 진단과 예방노력이 하루속히 정착되어야 할 것이다. 본지에서는 대표적인 호흡기 질병 세가지(전염성기관지염, 조류뉴모바이러스감염증, 뉴캣슬병)의 최근 발생동향과 그 대처방안에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.811-817
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• 1998

Humoral and cellular immune responses are depressed in chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus(REV). The extent of depression is influenced by the age of infection and strain of virus. This study was conducted for investigation of immunosuppressive effects of a Korean isolate of REV. Chickens infected with REV-HI, a Korean isolate, at 1 day old were severely suppressed in the vaccinal immunity against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease. But these immunosuppressive effects were not observed in chickens infected with the virus at 2 weeks of age, or contact infected by growing in-contact with inoculated chickens from one day old. The clinical signs following infectious laryngotracheitis(ILT) vaccination in chickens infected with REV-HI at 1 day old were more severe than those of uninfected chickens, and some of REV-infected chickens(21.4%) were died after the vaccination. Mortality following virulent ILT virus infection was increased in REV-HI infected chickens. Effects of REV infection at one day old to susceptibilities to subsequent Chicken anemia agent (CAA) infection were also studied. Chickens were infected with REV-HI at 1 day old and subsequently inoculated CAA at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days old, respectively. Mortalities of the chickens infected with REV-HI and subsequent CAA infection were 100, 100, 40 and 0%, respectively, whereas 23, 8, 0 and 0% of chickens infected with only CAA were died, respectively. These above all results suggest that a Korean isolate of REV may be highly immunosuppressive.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.32-45
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• 1992

In order to establish and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to ILTV, field virus strain of ILTV was propagated in chorioallantoic membrane of the embryonated eggs. purified and used as antigen. The antisera selected from the field samples and immunized chickens based on serum neutralization test were used as the standard positive and negative sera in all tests. It was found that optimal antigen concentration was $2{\mu}g$ of protein per well and a 1 : 100 dilution of standard serum showed low background optical density with negative serum and high P/N values of positive sera. A 1 : 500 dilution of the rabbit anti-chicken IgG peroxidase conjugate produced a high P/N values and thirty minutes was chosen as suitable time to read the optical density of the enzyme substrate reaction and optical density was consistent during the 16 hours after stopper was treated. When coated antigen was kept on microplate for varying time up to 16 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C,$ no significant difference was observed between the treatment. The coated antigen could be kept without change of antigenicity for at least one month at $-70^{\circ}C,\; -20^{\circ}C,\; 4^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. When blocking buffer contanining bovine serum albumin was mixed directly with conjugate and serum at 10% level induced higher P/N values compared to blocking antigen coated microplate with the same blocking buffer. The coefficience of correlation between ELISA and SN test was 0.577. When antibody response of chickens, vaccinated with ILTV, was examined by ELISA and SN test, antibody rising and decay pattern between the two test was similar until 11 weeks of age. However 12 weeks onward antibody titer checked on by SN test was slightly lower than that tested by ELISA.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 1988

국내에서 분리한 강독전염성후두기관염 바이러스 (ILTV)에 대한 세포융합방법에 의해 단크론성항채(MCA) 생산을 시도한 결과 총 8회의 세포융합을 통하여 총 1017개의 융합세포가 생산되었으며 그중 ILTV와 특이적으로 작용하늘 항체를 생산하는 3주의 Hybridoma를 작성하였다. 이 3주의 MCA는 모두 IgG형에 속하였으며 마우스 복강내접종하여 생산된 복수항체외 형광항체가는 $10^5$－$10^6$에 달하였고 약독 및 강독 ILTV에 차이가 없이 작용하였으며 중화능력은 인정되지 않았다. 이 MCA를 이용하여 간접형광항체법으로 인공감염계에서 ILTV 검출을 시도한 결과. 기관 및 안점막의 도말표본에서 감염후 10일 까지 진단이 가능하였으며 표준 양성혈청을 이용한 형광항체법이나 핵내봉입체 검출방법에 비해서 진단효율이 높았다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.63.1-63.9
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• 2020

Background: Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) induces infectious laryngotracheitis in members of the family Canidae, including dogs. To date, no ELISA kits specific for CAV-2 antibody have been commercialized for dogs in Korea. Objectives: We aimed to develop new indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) to perform rapid, accurate serological surveys of CAV-2 in dog serum samples. Methods: In total, 165 serum samples were collected from dogs residing in Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk provinces between 2016 and 2018. The Korean CAV-2, named the APQA1701-40P strain, was propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and purified in an anion-exchange chromatography column for use as an antigen for I-ELISA. The virus-neutralizing antibody titers of CAV-2 in the dog sera were measured by virus neutralization (VN) test. Results: We compared the results obtained between the VN and new I-ELISA tests. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of new I-ELISA were 98.6%, 86.4% and 97.0% compared with VN test, respectively. New I-ELISA was significantly correlated with VN (r = 0.91). Conclusions: These results indicate that new I-ELISA is useful for sero-surveillance of CAV-2 in dog serum.