• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

This study was performed to investigate infectious gastrointestinal diseases in 115 Korean cats (83 indoors and 32 outdoors) with digestive signs such as diarrhea, anorexia or abdominal distention. Detection of infectious pathogens was analyzed using real-time PCR. As a result, 85 of 115 Korean cats were detected with feline corona virus (FCoV), feline parvo virus, Group A rotavirus, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), Campylobacter coli (C. coli), Campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Tritrichomonas foetus, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Giardia lamblia. The most frequently detected pathogen was C. perfringens (52 cats, 61.2%), followed by FCoV (43 cats, 50.6%) and C. coli (16 cats, 18.8%). Also, single infection was the most common (43 cats), followed by double infection in 31 cats, triple infection in 7 cats, and quadruple infection in 4 cats. There was no significant relationship between pathogen detection and age, gender, living environment, weather, and diarrhea. However, there was a significant difference between the age group under 1 year and the age group 1~7 (P value<0.05). In this study, cats with suspected gastrointestinal infection were randomly evaluated, and other factors that could affect pathogen detection were insufficiently considered. For this reason, additional epidemiological investigations with a larger number of cats and sufficient consideration of the causes that may affect the results are needed. Nevertheless, it is thought that this study can also provide valuable information on gastrointestinal pathogens in Korean cats.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 1986

Based on the current importing and exporing regulations for disease control of embryo transfer, some important microorganisms and their control possibilities are reviewed. The results reviewed were sumrnarized as follows: 1. Regulations regarding to the import of embryos vary between importing and exporting countries, but exporting countries examine the donor and embryos for the heaith certification by the requirements of importing countries. 2. Organisms that infect the gametes are 5 kinds of viruses and the diseases caused by them could not be controlled or eradicated using embryo transfer. 3. Organisms that do not infect the gametes are 4 kinds of viruses and the causal organisms are potential candidates for control or eradication by embryo transfer. 4. Organisms that penetrate the zona pellucida and infect the embryo are 6 kinds of viruses including bovine viral diarrhea virus. 5. Organisms that cannot penetrate the zona pellucida or do not infect the embryo are 15 kinds of viruses and the removal from their contaminations are recommended by proper washing procedure and antisera treatment. Bovine and porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus are included in these organisms. 6. Bovine embryos that artificially exposed to various pathogenic organisms such as bovine herpes virus, IBR virus, bluetongue virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and Brucella abortus in vitro are discussed about their infection by several treatments.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.259-266
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• 2010

Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is an important nosocomial infectious diarrhea and is associated with antibiotic use. Recently, incidence of C. difficile has been increasing in hospitals. A total of 1,329 stool specimens were examined from January, 2005 to December, 2008. This study analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of C. difficile infections on them. Out of 1,329 stool specimens, 283 specimens showed toxin A/B positive, using EIA. The positive rate was 21.2%; with the highest incidence among and above the 70years old. On endoscopy, psedo membranous colitis was found in 57.7%, and 19.5% of patients were normal. Pathologic finding showed PMC in 26.8% of patients, AAC in 52.2%. C. difficile was associated with PMC, however, endoscopic and pathologic findings tests showed normal to PMC.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate epidemiological data of the viral pathogens obtained from stool exams and provide information on the regional prevalence of infectious diarrheal disease west in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Methods : We enrolled a cohort of children <10 years of age admitted for treatment of acute diarrhea at Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea. In total, 310 fecal specimens, documented to be free of common bacterial pathogens, were collected from pediatric patients during a 12-month period from January to December 2009 and were tested for the presence of rotavirus, parechovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, enterovirus, and norovirus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Results : The most common virus was parechovirus (16%), followed by adenovirus (15%), astrovirus (14%), rotavirus (13%), and enterovirus (5%). Interestingly, only one of the specimens was positive for norovirus. Single infection cases were detected in 173 (55.8%) of the 310 children, whereas mixed viral infections were detected in 10 (3.2%) of the same children. Viral gastroenteritis generally showed a double peak of incidence. Parechovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus shared a similar pattern of peak incidence with overall viruses; however, astrovirus infections occurred more frequently in the spring. Eighty-five percent of the confirmed viral gastroenteritis cases developed in under 24 months. Conclusion : The results support the importance of parechovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and enterovirus as causative agents of diarrhea in children, which may be underestimated by current routine diagnostic testing.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.111-115
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• 2007

Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) is a worldwide protozoan parasite causing a wide rage of intestinal disease in human, including asymptomatic cyst carriage, acute diarrhea, fulminant dysentery, and chronic nondysenteric colitis. Extraintestinal amebiasis such as hepatic abscess also occurs. Spread of the infection occurs due to consumption of food and water that is contaminated with the cyst. Amebiasis is rarely reported in the newborn period. We report a case of a 6-day-old female newborn with watery diarrhea that progressed to bloody mucoid diarrhea with persistent fever. The fresh stool microscopic examination disclosed E. histolytica trophozoites. She was born of spontaneous vaginal delivery at 41 weeks of gestation after premature rupture of membrane. She was given breast-feeding after birth, then entered postpartum care center. Her mother's stool microscopic examination showed negative result. Infection might have occurred from giving sweetened water following birth or contamination of the baby's bottles at the postpartum care center. She was treated with oral metronidazole for 24 days.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.464-471
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• 2020

Purpose: Some probiotic strains reduce the duration of acute diarrhea. Because of strain and product specificity, each product needs to be supported by clinical data. This study aimed to test the efficacy of the synbiotic food supplement Probiotical (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, fructo-oligosaccharides) in children with acute gastroenteritis of likely infectious origin. The primary endpoint was the number of children with normal stool consistency during the treatment duration. Methods: A total of 46 children (aged 3.6 months to 12 years) with acute gastroenteritis that started less than 48 hours prior to their visit at a hospital-based emergency department were included in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. All children were treated with oral rehydration solution and placebo (n=20) or the test product (n=26). Results: Significantly more children had a normal stool consistency on days 1 and 2 in the probiotic group: 5 children (20%) on day 1 in the probiotic group compared with none in the placebo group (p=0.046). On day 2, 11 children in the probiotic group (46%) and 3 (16%) in the placebo group (p=0.024) had a normal stool consistency. The mean duration of diarrhea was shorter in the probiotic group compared with that in the placebo group (3.04±1.36 vs. 4.20±1.34 days) (p=0.018). Conclusion: The test product was shown to normalize stool consistency significantly more rapidly than the placebo. These data confirm the findings from a previous study in a larger group of children performed in a primary healthcare setting.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.513-521
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• 2017

Infectious diarrhea is endemic in most developing countries. We aimed to investigate the protozoan, viral, and bacterial causes of acute diarrhea in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional prospective 1-year study was conducted on 163 diarrheal patients of various ages. Stool samples were collected, 1 per patient, and tested for 3 protozoa, 3 viruses, and 9 bacteria with the Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel. Overall, 53.4% (87/163) of samples were positives (20.8% protozoa, 19.6% viruses, 2.8% bacteria, and 9.8% mixed). Rotavirus (19.6%), Giardia duodenalis (16.5%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (8.5%) were the mostly detected pathogens. Adenovirus 40/41 (4.2%), Salmonella (3%), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (3%), and Entamoeba histolytica (2.4%) were also detected. Norovirus GI/II, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Clostridium difficile toxin A/B were not detected in any patients. All pathogens were involved in coinfections except E. histolytica. Giardia (5.5%) and rotavirus (3%) were the most commonly detected in co-infections. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (2.4%), Campylobacter spp. (2.4%), E. coli 0157 (1.8%), and Shigella spp. (1.2%) were detected in patients only as co-infections. Infections were more in children 0-4 years, less in adults <40 years, and least >40 years, with statistically significant differences in risk across age groups observed with rotavirus (P<0.001), Giardia (P=0.006), and Cryptosporidium (P=0.036) infections. Lastly, infections were not significantly more in the spring. This report demonstrates the high burden of various enteropathogens in the setting. Further studies are needed to define the impact of these findings on the clinical course of the disease.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2022

Background: The risk of imported infectious diseases has been increasing with the annual rise in the number of international travelers. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the distribution and characteristics of intestinal bacteria isolated in 2019 from residents of Chungcheongnam-do Province with experience of travelling overseas. Methods: Twenty-three former overseas travelers with diarrhea were analyzed to detect viruses and bacteria according to the Manual for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens at Outbreaks. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility tests and 16s rRNA sequencing were performed. Results: Twenty-five strains of ten pathogens were isolated from 18 samples. Pathogenic E. coli was the most common at 57.7%, followed by Clostridium perfringens (15.4%), Campylobacter spp. (7.7%), and Salmonella spp. (7.7%). The serotype of Salmonella was confirmed as Salmonella Braenderup, II 9,46:g,[m],[s],t:[e,n,x]. Conclusions: It was confirmed that the major enteric bacterial pathogens isolated from overseas travelers in Chungcheongnam-do Province were pathogenic E. coli, as found in other studies. The study on Plesiomonas shigelloides is meaningful in that it is reported as a rare case of infection in Korea. Antibiotic resistance and 16s rRNA analysis were performed, which is expected to provide important basic data for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2009

Colon cancer is the second most common malignancy in Korea. It is classified as superficial type, the mass type, the ulcerative type, the ulceroinfiltrative type, the diffuse infiltrative type and the unclassified type according to the colonoscopic findings. We report here on a case of colon cancer that was initially misdiagnosed as acute infectious colitis at the initial presentation. A 64-year-old man visited to Yeungnam University Hospital for watery diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. Colonoscopy revealed long segmental edematous mucosa and hyperemic mucosa with stenosis in the transverse colon. He was diagnosed as having acute infectious colitis according to the colonoscopic finding. However, two days later after colonoscopy, he visited the emergency room for hematochezia. We performed computerized tomography (CT) and obtained blood samples to find the origin of the bleeding. We found thickening of the transverse colon lumen and ascites on the CT finding and an elevated level of tumor markers; we also obtained the results of the colonoscopic biopsy that was done via colonoscopy. He was finally diagnosed as having colon cancer with carcinomatosis, a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.543-552
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• 2020

For efficient prevention and treatment of enteric colibacillosis, understanding about latest virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli is essentially needed. The aim of this study was to survey antimicrobial resistance and determine the prevalence of fimbriae and enterotoxin genes among 118 pathogenic E. coli isolates obtained from Korean pigs with diarrhea between 2016 and 2017. The genes for the toxins and adhesins were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The susceptibility of the E. coli isolates to antimicrobials were tested using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The most prevalent fimbrial antigen was F18 (40.7%), followed by F4 (16.9%), and the most prevalent combinations of toxin genes were Stx2e (21.2%), STb:EAST-1 (19.5%), and STa:STb (16.9%), respectively. Among the pathotypes, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was the most predominant (67.8%), followed by Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC, 23.7%). We confirmed high resistance rates to chloramphenicol (88.1%), tetracycline (86.4%), streptomycin (86.4%), and ampicillin (86.4%). And the majorities of isolates (90.7%) showed multi-drug resistance which means having resistance to 3 or more subclasses of antimicrobials. Results of this study can be a source of valuable data for investigating the epidemiology of and control measures for enteric colibacillosis in Korean piggeries.