• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2013

This study researches functional arrangements for colors of work clothes - concentrating on the arrangements of lightness - for safety protection of workers at the job sites in the mechanical industry. To conduct such study, blue color (5PB) is selected for the CAD simulations on six arrangements of brightness based on two colors. The brightness ranges are of 5PB color (between 3~7.5) which are measurable by Munsell Conversion, and arrangements on lightness consisting of one arrangement of high lightness-gap, two of medium lightness-gap, and three of low lightness-gap. To analyze the data of color values after applying arrangements of lightness and to evaluate the levels of awareness regarding arrangements, the NCS colorimetric is being applied. Color palettes are based on the NCS notations, and then marked with color triangles. After evaluation, the visibility proves to be high when the arrangements contain high lightness at the top and bottom, and the arrangements with higher lightness-gap show higher effects in safety. Since this study tends to check factors of lightness, the other color factors were limited. Therefore, in order to apply these results at the job sites, integrated applications of such results will be very useful for developing safe working clothes in the future.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.110-113
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• 1994

In the hazardous areas where explosive substances in the form of gases, vapor or mists exist, electrical apparatus and installations must be of explosion-proof construction to prevent or limit the danger of the ignition of potentially explosive atmosphere. In Korea, six types of protection have been specified in the government regulations at present: flameproof enclosure, pressurization, oil immersion, increased safety, intrinsic safety, and special types. If electrical apparatus are made of explosion-proof construction in a way other than five above-mentioned types, and their performance is tested and approved by the reponsible authorities, they may be categorized as special type apparatus. In this paper, we introduced a special type of explosion-proof electrical apparatus, called non-incendive type, and presented its constructional requirements. We also investigated evaluation methods of non-incendive type apparatus to assure the explosion-proof performance, and proposed a new classification method of hazardous areas using probabilistic concept.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2687-2698
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• 2020

Most of the machine learning-based intrusion detection tools developed for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are trained on network packet captures, and they rely on monitoring network layer traffic alone for intrusion detection. This approach produces weak intrusion detection systems, as ICS cyber-attacks have a real and significant impact on the process variables. A limited number of researchers consider integrating process measurements. However, in complex systems, process variable changes could result from different combinations of abnormal occurrences. This paper examines recent advances in intrusion detection algorithms, their limitations, challenges and the status of their application in critical infrastructures. We also introduce the discussion on the similarities and conflicts observed in the development of machine learning tools and techniques for fault diagnosis and cybersecurity in the protection of complex systems and the need to establish a clear difference between them. As a case study, we discuss special characteristics in nuclear power control systems and the factors that constraint the direct integration of security algorithms. Moreover, we discuss data reliability issues and present references and direct URL to recent open-source data repositories to aid researchers in developing data-driven ICS intrusion detection systems.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2013

The importance of environmental protection has been increased recently. Thus the environmental management was settled in an important global competition factor. In the meantime logistics cost occupied the 8.03% of sales at 2011. This portion was greater than the portion of other countries and it was needed the reduction of logistics cost to secure the competition power. As thus in this paper we prepared the process which diminish the environmental discharge and decrease the logistics cost. We proposed the process to apply the MFCA to SCM, until now the MFCA had been used generally in manufacturing process. We defined the loss in SCM and the plus logistic, minus logistic, logistic center and the classification of cost to adopt the MFCA to SCM.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2018

최근 제조업에서 발생하고 있는 사고로 인하여 중대 재해 및 중대 산업사고로 이어지고 지역사회 재난으로까지 확대되는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 안전행정부는 제3차(2015-2019)국가안전관리기본계획에 따라 산업현장 재해 및 재난을 최소화하기 위한 기업재난관리 차원의 개선대책을 발표하고 적극 홍보하고 있다. KOSHA 2015~2017년도의 산업재해 발생 현황을 보면 금속 관련 제조업의 재해율이 1.57%로 전 업종 평균 0.50% 대비 약 3배 이상 높게 나타났다. 재해 원인을 조사해 본 결과 작업자의 불안전한 행동에 기인하여 발생된 비율이 72%로 높게 나타났다. 또한 불완전한 행동은 안전의식과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있어 이 분야에 종사하고 있는 작업자를 대상으로 안전의식에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 안전의식이 사고 예방에 가장 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있고 사고발생을 감소시키는 요인으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2015

We describe a comparative analysis of different tools used to assess safety-critical software used in nuclear power plants. To enhance the credibility of safety assessments and to optimize safety justification costs, $Electricit{\acute{e}}$ de France (EDF) investigates the use of methods and tools for source code semantic analysis, to obtain indisputable evidence and help assessors focus on the most critical issues. EDF has been using the PolySpace tool for more than 10 years. Currently, new industrial tools based on the same formal approach, Abstract Interpretation, are available. Practical experimentation with these new tools shows that the precision obtained on one of our shutdown systems software packages is substantially improved. In the first part of this article, we present the analysis principles of the tools used in our experimentation. In the second part, we present the main characteristics of protection-system software, and why these characteristics are well adapted for the new analysis tools. In the last part, we present an overview of the results and the limitations of the tools.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

The knowledge of the flash point of the various liquid substances is required because of process safety and control in industrial fire protection. The epoxy resin is one of versatile resins that has wide selection of using curing agents and additives to achieve various applications such as coatings, adhesives, interior materials, reinforced plastics and electrical insulation. In this study, the lower flash points for p-xylene+epoxy resin, o-xylene+epoxy resin and n-butanol+epoxy resin systems were measured by using Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The lower flash points for p-xylene+epoxy resin, o-xylene+epoxy resin and n-butanol+epoxy resin systems rapidly increased 80wt%, 90wt% and 95wt% of epoxy resin concentration, respectively. This results serve as a guide to estimate flash point of any epoxy resin solution.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2002

The Flash Point is one of the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for fire and explosion hazards of chemical materials. An accurate knowledge of the flash point is important in developing appropriate preventive and control measures in industrial fire protection. The lower flash points for the Water + n-Propanol systems were measured by using Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the laws of Raoult and van laar equation. The calculated values based on the van Laar equation were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2021

In general, the industrial complex is a place where factories of various industries are concentrated. It is only as efficient as it is designed. However, the risks vary as there are various industries. These features are also associated with various types of disasters. The dangers of natural disasters such as a typhoon, flood, and earthquake, as well as fire and explosions, are also latent. Many of these risks can make stable production and business activities difficult, resulting in massive direct and indirect damage. In particular, decades after its establishment, the vulnerabilities increase even more as aging and small businesses are considered. In this sense, it is significant to assess the vulnerability of the industrial complex. Thus analysing fire and explosion hazards as stage 1 of the vulnerability evaluation for the major potential disasters for the industrial complex. First, fire vulnerabilities were analyzed quantitatively. It is displayed in blocks for each company. The assessment block status and the fire vulnerability rating status were conducted by applying the five-step criteria. Level A is the highest potential risk step and E is the lowest step. Level A was 11.8% in 20 blocks, level B was 22.5% in 38 blocks, level C was 25.4% in 43 blocks, level D was 26.0% in 44 blocks, and level E was 14.2% in 24 blocks. Levels A and B with high fire vulnerabilities were analyzed at 34.3%. Secondly, the vulnerability for an explosion was quantitatively analyzed. Explosive vulnerabilities were analyzed at 4.7% for level A with 8 blocks, 3.0% for level B with 5, 1.8% for level C with 3, 4.7% for level D with 8, and 85.8% for level E with 145. Levels A and B, which are highly vulnerable to explosions, were 7.7 %. Thirdly, the overall vulnerability can be assessed by adding disaster vulnerabilities to make future assessments. Moreover, it can also assist in efficient safety and disaster management by visually mapping quantified data. This will also be used for the integrated control center of the N-Industrial Complex, which is currently being installed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.653-663
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• 2022

Research activities and discussions on specialized areas reflecting the specificity of landscape construction are necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of presenting basic data for efficient field management by deriving items necessary for safety management in landscape construction fields through experts' opinions. A survey was conducted using Delphi analysis to derive "management items" and "safety management items according to landscape type" for landscape construction field safety for a total of 15 landscape construction specialists. The survey results showed that four top items were derived from the "management items" for the safety of landscape construction fields; they include: "safety and health management organization and education," "industrial safety and health management expenses," "payment of personal protection," and "establishment of safety measures." In addition, two to five items for each higher item appeared and resulted in a total of 13 lower items. Personnel, organization, budget, etc. for safety management are always required in the field, and the monitoring part of whether these elements are working was also taken up as a management item. In the "Management items according to each landscape construction" a total of eight landscape type were distinguished, they include: 'Reinforced concrete work', 'Masonry work', 'Plaster's work', 'Waterproof work', 'Stone masonry work', 'Pavement work', 'Facilities work', and 'Planting work'. Furthermore, two to seven sub-items for each construction type were derived, and a total of 35 management items were presented.