• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2020

The Internet of things (IoT) has been applied to a variety of industrial uses such as public service sectors, medical industries, automotive industries, and so on. Led by smart cities, this is typical. However, from a logistics perspective, the level of application is insufficient. This study examines the applicability of IoT-related technology in a container terminal, an object of the present invention, to derive an applicable plan. Analytic network process (ANP) analysis reveals the following results for IoT applications in container terminals: operating systems (26.7%), safety/environmental/security systems (26.4%), equipment maintenance systems (25.3%), and facility maintenance systems (21.6 %). The second ANP analysis reveals the following results: Economy (40.2%), productivity (21.1%), service level (19.5%), and utilizing technology level (19.2%). The application or standard of evaluation is important when applying IoT technology to container terminals; however, it is not concentrated in a certain area. It is desirable to build each container system with linkage and efficiency from a macroscopic view.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2011

In recent years Mag-Geol-Li is becoming popular again and the consumption layer of Mag-Geol-Li is definitely younger. Nowadays, Mag-Geol-Li is the main traditional alcohol and without consideration of ages and genders whoever can enjoy Mag-Geol-Li. Producers should ensure fair price of goods and improve production facilities to maximize products to meet the needs of consumers who will buy. In the studies I discuss about the ways to improve the distribution of Mag-Geol-Li, the theories about Mag-Geol-Li, Social backgrounds and effects of Mag-Geol-Li why it is becoming popular and improvement of the distribution structure of Mag-Geol-Li and impact of big Mag-Geol-Li company in Mag-Geol-Li industry. Lately, people can enjoy Mag-Geol-Li without burden because of low alcohol. It is gaining a good response by consumers because Mag-Geol-Li contains lactobacillus, yeasts and dietary fiber, also it is well balanced with nutritional aspects. There are not only huge factory to produce Mag-Geol-Li but also most are still cottage industry. Therefore, quality management does not work well because the majority of Mag-Geol-Li is small businesses. In spite of there are a lot of ways to improve the distribution structure and problems of Mag-Geol-Li, but none provide any improvement that make consumer awareness about the main cause of the problem is inaccurate. The ultimate goal of improving the distribution structure of Mag-Geol-Li is activating the market, the improvement of production facilities and safe for consumers with affordable price and good quality product. As mentioned above, to improve and change the logistics systems and hygiene, government support is required and Mag-Geol-Li companies should be recognized the distribution system as a major problem.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2011

It remains that South and North Korea are the most conflict ridden region of the world and at high risk of military collision despite the appropriateness and necessity of unification between South and North Korea. Meanwhile, our government has pushed ahead with exchange between the two countries in many different fields to defuse this conflict and tension. But, these efforts have made it less meaningful as South-North relations are strained again. This can be because temporary recovery of political relation didn't proceed to system improvement and economic cooperation. This study on exchange cooperation of circulation · distribution between South and North Korea begins with expectation that this study will be based on realizing free circulation · distribution for the unification and making an economic bloc through exchange cooperation of circulation · distribution. To expand economy exchange and cooperation between the two nations, the field of circulation · distribution should be developed. On the basis of this discussion, this study suggests that cooperation relation and the mood of reconciliation created by political declaration are institutionalized in the national consensus and exchange should be expanded in the economic field as well as political field.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 2013

In managing shipping business, the concept of seaworthiness of the vessel has developed in accordance with the development of the shipping industry. However, despite of the development of the vessel's seaworthiness, marine accident has continuously occurred at sea. International Maritime Organization(IMO) has paid attention to the research and investigation of Human Error in shipping operations in addition to physical seaworthiness of the vessel. In 1994, IMO adopted the "International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention(ISM code)" of "SOLAS 1974" Annex, to take countermeasure against this human error. In 1999, Korea adopted the 'ISM Code' and then enacted the Maritime Safety Act (previously Maritime Traffic Safety Act). The Maritime Safety Act regulates necessary qualifications of the Human Resources of shipping companies for establishment and implementation of the safety management system. However, there has been a discrepancy between shipowners and ship management companies in interpreting the legislative texts, finally causing confusion. In this paper, I would like to examine the deficiencies in the regulation on the standard of qualifications of the Designated Person under the Maritime Safety Act and thereby suggest any possible improvements in it.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.331-348
• /
• 2011

Recently, international society strongly concerns global green house effect. As a result each nation introduces green policy for their economy and sustainable development. The emissions of carbon dioxide come from various sources, such as ports and port activities. Especially, port is a logistics hub for shipping, road and railways. Therefore, successful reduction of emissions in the port may encourage other transportations to reduce emissions. Korea as developing country is excused from Annex I countries which committed themselves to reduce four greenhouse gases. However, Korea is going to be placed in Annex I countries in 2013. Korean economy is heavily dependent on international trade and especially, 99.8% of its international trade cargoes is transported through the ports. Therefore, Eco-port plays a very important role in future Korean sustainable development. By introducing the most advanced port pollution regulations, Japan has taken a immediate step for Eco-port policy. International trade is very significant in Korea as well as in Japan, both nations have similar industrial structure. Therefore, Korea should pay attention to Japanese Eco-port policy and activities. This paper examines Japanese Eco-port policy and its' implications in order for Korea to find the most efficient way to reduce the emissions as Korea should reduce greenhouse gas emissions in post kyoto system.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.121-145
• /
• 2008

Northeast Asia is increasingly making a transition to distinctive and crucial region in the 21st Century and growing into one of world's top three economic spheres along with the EU and NAFTA. In 2003, Korean government announced the Northeast Asian economic hub country plan as an important agenda. As a means of coping with the changing global environment, Korean government designated Incheon in 2003 as the country's first Free Economic Zone ahead of Busan and Gwangyang Bay in the south of the country because Incheon has a geographical advantage linking North America and Europe with Incheon International Airport and Incheon Seaport. The purpose of this paper is to make research on establishment and operation of an arbitral body entitled ${\ulcorner}International Arbitration Center{\lrcorner}$ (IAC) within Incheon Free Economic Zone(IFEZ). For the purpose of this, the writer in this paper, reviewed the necessity of the IAC's establishment and its legal basis as well as the role and function of the Center. Also, the writer presented plans for how to operate the IAC and how to cooperate with the key arbitral organizations of foreign countries for the settlement promotion of commercial disputes including trade and investment. With development of the IFEZ, world-renowned enterprises will invest in the Incheon economic bloc and conduct economic activities, business operation, marketing, logistics, financing, etc. In this connection, diverse types of commercial disputes are expected to occur between foreign companies entering the IFEZ and Korean firms. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) has been operating its liaison office in the IFEZ since 2004. However, in view of the increasing arbitration demand, the IAC should be set up in the IFEZ in the near future by the positive support of the government in the respect of both administration and finance because the free economic zone-related law provides for the installation of arbitration organization. For the success of the IAC, the Center will have to provide not only good quality of arbitral services that can satisfy arbitration parties but also need to conduct researches and make efforts so that arbitration can be utilized well in the IFEZ. If the IFEZ can provide advantageous business environments to those multinational enterprises intending to the Incheon economic bloc, the IAC will also contribute to the settlement of commercial disputes arising from the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in North Korea in view of the geographical advantage and logistic benefit of the IFEZ. Finally, this paper also suggests a new model for a joint dispute resolution system by the initiative of Korean government and Korean arbitral organizations for the settlement of commercial disputes within Northeast Asia, for which the CAMCA(Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas) of NAFTA can be a good example.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2020

In order to cope with traffic accidents efficiently, the maximum number of traffic accidents, deaths and serious injuries that can occur during the day should be presented quantitatively. In order to examine the characteristics of traffic accidents in different regions, it was divided into the Seoul metropolitan area, Chungcheong area, Gyeongbuk area, Honam area, and Gyeongnam area and was suitable for the generalized extreme value distribution (GEV). The parameters of the GEV distribution were estimated by the L-moments, and the Anderson-Darling test and the Cramer-von Mises test confirmed the suitability of the distribution. According to the analysis, the maximum number of traffic accidents that can occur once every 50 years is 401 in the Seoul metropolitan area, 168 in the South Gyeongsang region, 455 in the North Gyeongsang region, 136 in the Chungcheong region and 205 in the South Jeolla region. Compared to the Seoul metropolitan area, which has a large population and car registration, the number of traffic accidents is relatively high due to the large area, mountainous areas, and logistics movement caused by the industrial complex.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.63-86
• /
• 2009

With increasing uncertainty of energy market in the world, the policies for the energy resource security have become crucial Several countries with poor energy resource like Netherlands and Singapore have pursued the policy for becoming an oil hub in the region. Singapore has been an oil hub in East Asia for a long time not only because it is well located with a large number of countries exporting and importing oil but it has also pursued strong policies to become an oil hub while establishing favourable institutional, regulatory and business environment for accommodating major refineries and petro-chemical companies. However with growing trading volume of petroleum products in Northeast Asia and a record high price of oil in these days, the necessities of another oil hub in the region are considered in order to reap benefits of the security of economical and stable oil. South Korea is situated astride the main North Pacific shipping route, with deep water ports and proximity to Chinese and Japanese industrial centres that make tank terminal operators Ideal choices for the oil hub in Northeast Asia although it has several disadvantages such as lack of independent storage facilities, underdeveloped oil trading market and unfavourable business friendly climates etc. This study is focused on examining the globalization strategies of tank terminal operators such as Vopak, Oiltanking and Odfjell in order to suggest the policy implications for becoming an oil tub in Northeast Asia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.374-379
• /
• 2009

In this study, we investigated effects of different packaging materials and methods on physico-characteristics of green pumpkin during storage at $10^{\circ}C$. Whole green pumpkin samples were packaged with polyvinyl chloride film (PVCF), orange coating film (OCF), paraffin film (PF), or paper with paraffin film (PWPF) and stored at $10^{\circ}C$. Weight loss, pH, firmness, browning, and gas composition ($O_2$ and $CO_2$) inside the film packages were evaluated. All characteristics of the unpackaged group (control group, CON) changed rapidly and lost marketability as compared with the packed pumpkin group. The pH values in all of the green pumpkin samples were between 6.38 and 6.67, and decreased with increased storage time. Over the storage time, all packaged pumpkin groups evidenced prevented or retarded deterioration of the green pumpkin samples in terms of appearance, texture, and discoloration. Firmness decreased slightly with increased storage time. Brown color difference were much higher in the controls than in the film-packaged green pumpkin samples, and increased rapidly in the early stages of storage. These results were attributed to reduce respiration rates as a result of elevated carbon dioxide and reduced oxygen levels in the packages. The results of this study demonstrated that the green pumpkin packaged with PWPF and PVCF showed retarded deterioration as compared to the CON, OCF and PF samples in a controlled atmosphere, and thus significant differences were noted according to the packaging material and methods used.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2017

Recently, the importance of the industrial warehouse floor has been increasing due to the development of the distribution and logistics industry. In this present study, an early-hardening polymer floor mortar which can compensate for the limitation of conventional cement based floor mortar regarding fluidity and long curing time was developed. In order to achieve the early-hardening of mortar characteristic ultra rapid hardening cement was used as binder. Four types of mixture proportions in accordance with the vinyl acetate ethylene(VAE) polymer contents with range from 10% to 20% and the other proto proportion without VAE polymer were designed. Mechanical experiments including the fluidity test, compressive strength test, bending test, bond test, and abrasion test were conducted for all mixture proportions. From the flow test result, it was possible to achieve the high flow with 250 mm by controlling the amount of superplasticizer. The incorporation of VAE polymer was found to affect the compressive strength reduction, however, the flexural strength was higher than that of the proto mixture, and it was evaluated to increase the compressive strength / flexural strength ratio. Moreover, at least 2.6 times higher bond strength and more than 4 times higher abrasion resistance were secured. From the mechanical experiments results, the optimum mixing ratio of the VAE polymer was determined to be 10%. As a result of application and monitoring, it shows that it has excellent resistance to cracking, discoloration, impact, and scratch as well as bond performance compared to the cement based floor mortar.