• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.434-446
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• 2021

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the fourth industrial revolution, expected to have a significant impact on society. However, there are only a few studies on spatial distribution and location of the fourth industry. This study tried to classify the spatial distribution of the fourth industry by using LQ, a non-geographical method, and Getis-Ord's Gi^*, a geographical method. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, there are the specialized areas of the fourth industry in the non-Seoul metropolitan area as well as the Seoul metropolitan area. Second, industrial clusters and neighborhood areas of the fourth industry were located mostly in the Seoul metropolitan area. Third, industrial clusters were concentrated on the southern part of Gyeonggi Province and Seoul, and there are no industrial clusters in the northern part of the Seoul metropolitan area and the nature conservation area. This paper shows that the cluster area of the fourth industry is concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area. Therefore, policies for the 4th industry are needed to solve this unbalanced spatial distribution of the fourth industry.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the atmospheric concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the urinary concentration of biomarkers in residents near the Shinpyeong·Jangrim Industrial Complex to compare them with those of residents in a control area. Methods: Hazardous air pollutants (PAHs and VOCs) were measured in an exposure area (two sites) and a control area (one site). Urine samples were collected from residents near the industrial complex (184 persons) and residents in the control area (181 persons). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify which factors affected the concentration of PAHs and VOCs metabolites. Results: The average atmospheric concentration of PAHs in Shinpyeong-dong and Jangrim-dong was 0.45 and 0.59 ppb for pyrene, 0.15 and 0.16 ppb for benzo[a]pyrene, and 0.29 and 0.35 ppb for dibenz[a,h]anthracene. The average atmospheric concentration of VOCs was 1.10 and 0.99 ppb for benzene, 8.22 and 11.30 ppb for toluene, and 1.91 and 3.05 ppb for ethylbenzene, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs and VOCs in residents near the Shinpyeong·Jangrim Industrial Complex were higher than those of residents in the control area. Geometric means of urinary 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxypyrene, methylhippuric acid, and mandelic acid concentrations were 0.45, 0.22, 391.51, and 201.36 ㎍/g creatinine, respectively. Those levels were all significantly higher than those in the control area (p<0.05). In addition, as a result of multiple regression analysis, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as gender and smoking, the concentration of metabolites in urine was high in residents near the Shinpyeong·Jangrim Industrial Complex. Conclusion: The results of this study show the possibility of human exposure to VOCs in residents near the Shinpyeong·Jangrim Industrial Complex. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the local community is required for the management of environmental pollutant emissions.

• IE interfaces
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.382-389
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• 2005

Location management is very important issue in wireless communication system to trace mobile users' exact location. In this study, we propose a dynamic location area management scheme which determines the size of dynamic location area considering each user's characteristics. In determining the optimal location area size, we consider the measurement data as well as the historical data, which contains call arrival rate and average speed of each mobile user. In this mixture of data, the weight of historical data is derived by linear searching method which guarantees the minimal cost of location management. We also introduce the regularity index which can be calculated by using the autocorrelation of historical data itself. Statistical validation shows that the regularity index is the same as the weight of measurement data. As a result, the regularity index is utilized to incorporate the historical data into the measurement data. By applying the proposed scheme, the location management cost is shown to decrease. Numerical examples illustrate such an aspect of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2001

The mutagenicity of the river water of Nakdong river estuary was determined by Ames test using the blue rayon suspension method. Samples were collected from 10 sites in the estuary once in each season of 1998. The samples collected from the sites where industrial waste discharge on May were mutagenic, but the other samples were not mutagenic. The sample collected from the site 1 located near the industrial area (Hadan-dong) were highly mutagenic in the TA98 with (+S9) and without (-S9) mix as well as in the TA100 with (+S9) and without (-S9) S9 mix, suggesting that the river water of this site is polluted by direct and indirect mutagens of frame-shift type as well as direct and indirect mutagens of base-replacement type. The positive mutagenicity, although relatively low, was also detected in TA98 with (+S9) and without (-S9) S9 mix in the extract of the site 4 near the industrial area(Jangrim-dong), suggesting that the primary mutation type is frame-shift. The negative mutagenicity from July to December at the sites (1-4) near the industrial area seems to be affected by the low economic growth rate in 1998 in Korea. On the other hand, the negative mutagenicity in all extracts collected from the sites 5-10 near the residential area where living sewage discharge, suggests that the river water was not polluted by mutagens.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2019

The high density module (HDM) has advantages for its larger active area and smaller current density. This new way of making a photovoltaic (PV) module method has benefit for increasing module power with the same installed area. Because HDM consisted with serially connected PV strings, loss of strings during the fabrication process can increase the overall production cost.1-2 This study investigates the rework conditions of the shingled strings with electrically conductive adhesives (ECA). By heating the electrically connected area of a fabricated string, cured area become soft and a string can be detached for the rework process. After rework process, a refabricated string showed 5~10% increased output power compared to before rework process and reached to the 90~95% output power compare to the undamaged strings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2023

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.289-304
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• 2013

With advancements of quay side equipments and technologies, the bottleneck of port operations has moved from quay side to yard side. The yard management of a port has significant influences on the competitiveness of a port in the global shipping network. The research area of yard management has attracted a lot of attentions from both the academia and the industrial practitioners. This paper gives a comprehensive review for the studies on the yard management in container terminals. From three aspects, i.e., yard cranes management, yard vehicles management, and yard spaces management, this paper reports the advances in these three areas. Some future directions on the yard management researches are also discussed. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate more practically relevant researches in this emerging area.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.14-15
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• 2003

Polymer optical fibers (POFs) are being considered as important high-speed communication media in the area of local area networks, datalinks and optical sensors. Large core diameter (500～1000 $\mu$m) and large numerical aperture (0.2~0.9) in a POF allow easy processing and connectorization, low cost high efficiency of beam coupling from LDs or LEDs, and complete immunity to EMI／EMR. There are many reports about 2.5 Gbps transmission the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) graded index (GI) POF over a distance of 100 m. (omitted)

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2011

The present study evaluated the major lead sources in a steel metallurgy industrialized city by measuring lead isotopes/lead concentrations of ambient air and potential sources in an industrial area and residential areas according to relative distance. The quality control program obtained during the measurement procedure for lead isotopes and concentrations exhibited $0.5ng/m^3$ for method detection limit, more than 90% for recoveries of standard particulate matters, and lower than 0.2% for reproducibility errors of four lead isotopes ($^{204}Pb$, $^{206}Pb$, $^{207}Pb$, $^{208}Pb$). For all three lead isotope ratios ($^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$, $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$, $^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$), the ratios were obtained in the industrial area were closer to nearby residential area than those of a residential area far away from the industrial area, thereby suggesting that lead sources were more similar each other in the industrial and nearby residential area. Furthermore, for both summer and winter seasons ambient lead concentrations were more than four times higher in the industrial area than in the residential areas and in turn, they were higher in the nearby residential area compared with the far-away residential area. As a result, it was suggested that lead emitted from the industrial area would influence more the ambient lead in the nearby residential area than the far-away residential area. Both slag and traffic emissions are likely to be major lead sources in the industrial and nearby residential areas, since their three lead isotope ratios ($^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$, $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$, $^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$) were similar to the ratios obtained from ambient air of these two areas. In addition, the lead isotope ratios revealed different pattern between seasons, and the ambient lead concentrations were higher for winter than for summer.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2005

This study has attempted to analyze the spatial structure of industrial agglomerations with elaborated spatial econometric techniques. First of all, spatial patterns and structures of industrial agglomerations in Korea show a multi-polar spatial pattern of industrial agglomeration, Major industries from industrial agglomerations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, part of the Chungcheong Area and Dongnam Area. Second, as some industrial agglomerations show an agglomerative pattern beyond a regionally based-administrative jurisdiction, the effects of agglomeration seem to be produced across regionally based-administrative jurisdictions. Finally, it can be considered that industrial agglomerations have generally been produced by spatial divisions of labor in which the functions of conception and execution are separated from each other. According to this results, in designing regional innovation systems, their spatial coverage should draw upon an extended region with a few adjacent provinces, and there is a need to form networked clusters in order to sufficiently capitalize upon the spatial spillovers of agglomerations.