• 제목/요약/키워드: individual face model.

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A Study on Receptivity to Sharing Living Space in Communal Shared Housing of the Elderly Living in Rural Areas depending on Personal Traits

  • Kim, Hyun-Jung;Lee, Yeun-Sook;An, So-Mi
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.5-20
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The objective of this study is to divide personal traits of the elderly living in a rural area into extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and loneliness and to identify the relationship between personal traits and receptivitiy to sharing living space in communal shared housing. Method: Subjects of this study are the elderly of ages greater than 55 living in Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon-do. Depending on how often elderly welfare facility was used, places where the elderly gathered were divided into a senior citizen center, senior welfare center, and other places where they often gathered. The researchers visited each of the places directly and conducted a survey with face-to-face interviews. Result: The collected data consisting of 124 respondents were analyzed through SPSS statistical program. It showed that 5 personal traits, except for agreeableness, had statistically significant difference. Extrovert and low lonely elderly people had high receptivity. The relationship between personal traits and acceptable shared space revealed differently depending on the function of space. Especially, shared resting space was related to low emotion-oriented trait, such as neuroticism and loneliness, while shared hobby and sanitary space were related to strong management-oriented trait of conscientiousness. These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding personal traits in predicting receptivitiy to sharing living space. Also, it is necessary to compare the degree of receptivity to sharing living space based on personal traits and to plan shared space in several levels, such as full sharing, partial sharing, and individual use, to develop and supply communal shared housing successfully.

가상 커뮤니티에서 사회적 자본과 정체성이 지식기여에 미치는 역할: 실증적 분석 (The Role of Social Capital and Identity in Knowledge Contribution in Virtual Communities: An Empirical Investigation)

  • 신호경;김경규;이은곤
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.53-74
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    • 2012
  • A challenge in fostering virtual communities is the continuous supply of knowledge, namely members' willingness to contribute knowledge to their communities. Previous research argues that giving away knowledge eventually causes the possessors of that knowledge to lose their unique value to others, benefiting all except the contributor. Furthermore, communication within virtual communities involves a large number of participants with different social backgrounds and perspectives. The establishment of mutual understanding to comprehend conversations and foster knowledge contribution in virtual communities is inevitably more difficult than face-to-face communication in a small group. In spite of these arguments, evidence suggests that individuals in virtual communities do engage in social behaviors such as knowledge contribution. It is important to understand why individuals provide their valuable knowledge to other community members without a guarantee of returns. In virtual communities, knowledge is inherently rooted in individual members' experiences and expertise. This personal nature of knowledge requires social interactions between virtual community members for knowledge transfer. This study employs the social capital theory in order to account for interpersonal relationship factors and identity theory for individual and group factors that may affect knowledge contribution. First, social capital is the relationship capital which is embedded within the relationships among the participants in a network and available for use when it is needed. Social capital is a productive resource, facilitating individuals' actions for attainment. Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1997) identify three dimensions of social capital and explain theoretically how these dimensions affect the exchange of knowledge. Thus, social capital would be relevant to knowledge contribution in virtual communities. Second, existing research has addressed the importance of identity in facilitating knowledge contribution in a virtual context. Identity in virtual communities has been described as playing a vital role in the establishment of personal reputations and in the recognition of others. For instance, reputation systems that rate participants in terms of the quality of their contributions provide a readily available inventory of experts to knowledge seekers. Despite the growing interest in identities, however, there is little empirical research about how identities in the communities influence knowledge contribution. Therefore, the goal of this study is to better understand knowledge contribution by examining the roles of social capital and identity in virtual communities. Based on a theoretical framework of social capital and identity theory, we develop and test a theoretical model and evaluate our hypotheses. Specifically, we propose three variables such as cohesiveness, reciprocity, and commitment, referring to the social capital theory, as antecedents of knowledge contribution in virtual communities. We further posit that members with a strong identity (self-presentation and group identification) contribute more knowledge to virtual communities. We conducted a field study in order to validate our research model. We collected data from 192 members of virtual communities and used the PLS method to analyse the data. The tests of the measurement model confirm that our data set has appropriate discriminant and convergent validity. The results of testing the structural model show that cohesion, reciprocity, and self-presentation significantly influence knowledge contribution, while commitment and group identification do not significantly influence knowledge contribution. Our findings on cohesion and reciprocity are consistent with the previous literature. Contrary to our expectations, commitment did not significantly affect knowledge contribution in virtual communities. This result may be due to the fact that knowledge contribution was voluntary in the virtual communities in our sample. Another plausible explanation for this result may be the self-selection bias for the survey respondents, who are more likely to contribute their knowledge to virtual communities. The relationship between self-presentation and knowledge contribution was found to be significant in virtual communities, supporting the results of prior literature. Group identification did not significantly affect knowledge contribution in this study, inconsistent with the wealth of research that identifies group identification as an important factor for knowledge sharing. This conflicting result calls for future research that examines the role of group identification in knowledge contribution in virtual communities. This study makes a contribution to theory development in the area of knowledge management in general and virtual communities in particular. For practice, the results of this study identify the circumstances under which individual factors would be effective for motivating knowledge contribution to virtual communities.

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국제가맹계약시 당사자의 주요의무에 대한 소고 (A Study on the Main Obligations in Entering into the International Franchising Agreement)

  • 이규창;박종삼;김재성
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제51권
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    • pp.465-495
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    • 2011
  • Domestic franchised businesses have been showing relatively fast growth, but the growth is expected to slow down as in those developed countries. In face of this changing market environment, domestic franchisers will have to turn their eyes abroad to achieve sustainable growth. On the other hand, more international franchisors could pursue expanding into the Korean market due to economic or strategic reasons in their home countries. In general, enterprises are faced with several barriers when entering foreign markets by franchising their operation. Issues relating to such entry barriers can be broadly classified into legal and managerial. To begin, international franchising necessitates enterprises to handle various aspects of legal issues. There are no internationally unified rules for franchise agreements as in international goods purchase contracts. This forces franchisors to have deep knowledge of concerned regulations and practices of each of the individual target countries, in particular franchising practices which differ from those of their own countries in terms of rights and obligations of the involved parties. Having regard to this situation, this study reviewed the EU's PEL CAFDC and other domestic and overseas regulations governing franchising. From the results, several contractual obligations were derived that need to be taken into account when handling the issues around the international franchise agreement. In closing this paper mainly having in mind enterprises in various business lines seeking to expand into international franchising, some unmet needs are worth commenting. First, there is an urgent need to establish practical guidelines along with the model agreement addressing the issues of international franchising in the absence of any unified international rules. Second, to meet the first need above, it is needed that the relevant authorities conduct a comprehensive review of the existing franchising regulations available across overseas countries and, based on the results, embark on gathering good common elements in the existing franchising regulations in individual countries, ultimately developing the best possible guidelines and examples.

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중년여성의 건강추구행위의 장애요인 (Barriers to Health-Seeking Behavior in Midlife Women)

  • 홍영상
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 1998
  • Health behavior constitutes the single most important factor in an individual's health maintenance program. Pender's health promotion model emphasizes the positive aspects of health-seeking behavior hut omits some negative ones. Although Pender's work does include the concept of barriers, the main focus is upon health habits rather than upon the interaction between the consumer and the health care system. Therefore, since individuals actually do face many barriers in their health-seeking behavior, the present study deals with negative concepts-the barriers to health and healthy behavior. For this reason the expression health-seeking behavior was chosen over health promotion. In conclusion, the results show that barriers to health-seeking behavior are causal factors that could explain and predict the health-seeking behavior of middle life women. Midlife women shows that they have barriers to health-seeking behavior especially in inconvenience, cost, healthcenter site-related problem, relationship, fear. These findings suggest the need to develop a nursing strategy to improve the empowerment of self-determination in middle-aged women. Consequently, a goal of nursing care for middle-aged women should be to help them pursue health care with a greater degree of self-sufficiency.

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ISO Coordination of Generator Maintenance Scheduling in Competitive Electricity Markets using Simulated Annealing

  • Han, Seok-Man;Chung, Koo-Hyung;Kim, Balho-H.
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.431-438
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    • 2011
  • To ensure that equipment outages do not directly impact the reliability of the ISO-controlled grid, market participants request permission and receive approval for planned outages from the independent system operator (ISO) in competitive electricity markets. In the face of major generation outages, the ISO will make a critical decision as regards the scheduling of the essential maintenance for myriads of generating units over a fixed planning horizon in accordance with security and adequacy assessments. Mainly, we are concerned with a fundamental framework for ISO's maintenance coordination in order to determine precedence of conflicting outages. Simulated annealing, a powerful, general-purpose optimization methodology suitable for real combinatorial search problems, is used. Generally, the ISO will put forward its best effort to adjust individual generator maintenance schedules according to the time preferences of each power generator (GENCO) by taking advantage of several factors such as installed capacity and relative weightings assigned to the GENCOs. Thus, computer testing on a four-GENCO model is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the applicability of the solution scheme to large-scale maintenance scheduling coordination problems.

부모의 양육방식이 초등학교 고학년의 학교생활 적응의 변화 궤적에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Parenting Practice on the Trajectories of Change in the School Adjustment of Upper Elementary Students)

  • 이정민;강수정;이강이;이순형
    • 아동학회지
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.91-110
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    • 2015
  • In upper elementary period school adjustment and the effect of parenting face a new set of dynamics. We assumed that parental supervision, affection, incoherence, over-expectation, over-interruption and logical explanation would have an effect on individual trajectories in the development of school adjustment. Additionally, we hypothesized that this model would be different among boys and girls. In this study we analyzed three waves of data collected from 2,378 children nationwide in South Korea. This data was gathered from the Panel Study of Korean Youth and Adolescents conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute(NYPI). Growth-curve longitudinal analysis was conducted and the results indicate that levels of school adjustment had decreased through the $4^{th}$ to $6^{th}$ grade. Parents' supervision, affection and logical explanation significantly predict children's initial school adjustment as well as their rate of decrease in their levels of school adjustment. Parents' supervision had a positive effect on girls' school adjustment. Parents' over-expectation had negative effect on boys' school adjustment levels. Policy implications and future directions for research were also discussed.

에지와 컬러 정보를 결합한 안면 분할 기반의 손실 함수를 적용한 메이크업 변환 (Makeup transfer by applying a loss function based on facial segmentation combining edge with color information)

  • 임소현;전준철
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2022
  • 메이크업은 사람의 외모를 개선하는 가장 보편적인 방법이다. 하지만 메이크업의 스타일이 매우 다양하기 때문에 한 개인이 본인에게 직접 메이크업을 하는 것에는 많은 시간적, 비용적 문제점이 존재한다. 이에 따라 메이크업 자동화에 대한 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 메이크업의 자동화를 위해 메이크업 변환(Makeup Transfer)가 연구되고 있다. 메이크업 변환은 메이크업이 없는 얼굴 영상에 메이크업 스타일을 적용시키는 분야이다. 메이크업 변환은 전통적인 영상 처리 기반의 방법과 딥러닝 기반의 방법으로 나눌 수 있다. 특히 딥러닝 기반의 방법에서는 적대적 생성 신경망을 기반으로 한 연구가 많이 수행되었다. 하지만 두 가지 방법 모두 결과 영상이 부자연스럽거나 메이크업 변환의 결과가 뚜렷하지 않고 번지거나 메이크업 스타일 얼굴 영상의 영향을 많이 받는다는 단점이 있다. 메이크업의 뚜렷한 경계를 표현하고 메이크업 스타일 얼굴 영상에서 받는 영향을 완화시키기 위해 본 연구에서는 메이크업 영역을 분할하고 HoG(Histogram of Gradient)를 사용해 손실 함수를 계산한다. HoG는 영상 내에 존재하는 에지의 크기와 방향성을 통해 영상의 특징을 추출하는 방법이다. 이를 통해 에지에 대해 강건한 학습을 수행하는 메이크업 변환에 대해 제안한다. 제안한 모델을 통해 생성된 영상과 베이스 모델로 사용하는 BeautyGAN을 통해 생성된 영상을 비교해 본 연구에서 제안한 모델의 성능이 더 뛰어남을 확인하고 추가로 제시할 수 있는 얼굴 정보에 대한 사용 방법을 향후 연구로 제시한다.

디지털 역량과 개인적 역량이 경제활동 지속 의도에 미치는 영향: 롤 모델의 조절 효과 중심으로 (A Study of the Impact of Digital Capability and Personal Ability on the Intent to Continue Economic Activity : Focused on the Adjustment Effect of the Role Model)

  • 김상진;하규수
    • 벤처창업연구
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.125-141
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    • 2021
  • 급속하게 변하고 있는 디지털 환경의 사회 구조는 경제활동에 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 경제활동을 지속하려는 개인과 정책지원을 하는 국가에도 중요한 현안이다. 고령화로 인한 인적 자본 활용 문제, 코로나19 팬데믹으로 인한 실물경제 불황과 대면 경제활동의 위축 그리고 고용 감소와 일자리 불안정성이 대두되면서 비대면 산업이 활성화되었다. 그에 따라 디지털 미디어 콘텐츠 기반의 경제활동이 일상화되었고, 정부도 미디어 콘텐츠 기반 경제활동에 실효성 있는 인적 자본 활용이 주요 정책 과제가 되었다. 일자리 지속을 바라는 사람들에게 디지털 환경에 대한 적응은 선택이 아닌 필수가 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 디지털 역량과 개인적 역량이 경제활동 지속 의도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고, 롤 모델의 조절 효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 전국 남·여 20~80세를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 설문지 385부 중 382부의 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석을 위해서 SPSS 23.0의 프로그램을 사용하였고, 설문 항목은 Likert 5점 척도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 분석 결과는 첫째, 디지털 역량 중 미디어 콘텐츠 활용 역량은 경제활동 지속 의도에 정(+)의 영향이 나타나 SNS 등의 최신 디지털 미디어 콘텐츠 활용 역량이 높을수록 경제활동 지속 의도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 개인적 역량 중 자금 능력은 부(-)의 영향이, 경험은 정(+)의 영향이 경제활동 지속 의도에 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사회적 환경은 경제활동 지속 의도에 의미 있는 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 사회적 지지 중 가족지지는 경제활동 지속 의도에 정(+)의 영향이 나타나 가족에 대한 다양한 감정적 지원은 경제활동 지속 의도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 롤 모델은 경제활동 지속 의도에 정(+)의 영향이 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 미디어 콘텐츠 활용 역량과 가족지지가 경제활동 지속 의도에 미치는 영향에서 조절 효과 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 경제활동 지속을 위하여 디지털 미디어 콘텐츠 기반의 디지털 교육과 인적 구조에 맞는 정부의 취업과 창업에 대한 정책지원이 요구된다.

소셜 미디어에서 정보공유를 위한 애착의 매개역할: 사회적 자본이론 관점 (Mediating Roles of Attachment for Information Sharing in Social Media: Social Capital Theory Perspective)

  • 정남호;한희정;구철모
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2012
  • Currently, Social Media, it has widely a renown keyword and its related social trends and businesses have been fastly applied into various contexts. Social media has become an important research area for scholars interested in online technologies and cyber space and their social impacts. Social media is not only including web-based services but also mobile-based application services that allow people to share various style information and knowledge through online connection. Social media users have tendency to common identity- and bond-attachment through interactions such as 'thumbs up', 'reply note', 'forwarding', which may have driven from various factors and may result in delivering information, sharing knowledge, and specific experiences et al. Even further, almost of all social media sites provide and connect unknown strangers depending on shared interests, political views, or enjoyable activities, and other stuffs incorporating the creation of contents, which provides benefits to users. As fast developing digital devices including smartphone, tablet PC, internet based blogging, and photo and video clips, scholars desperately have began to study regarding diverse issues connecting human beings' motivations and the behavioral results which may be articulated by the format of antecedents as well as consequences related to contents that people create via social media. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Cyworld users are more and more getting close each other and build up their relationships by a different style. In this sense, people use social media as tools for maintain pre-existing network, creating new people socially, and at the same time, explicitly find some business opportunities using personal and unlimited public networks. In terms of theory in explaining this phenomenon, social capital is a concept that describes the benefits one receives from one's relationship with others. Thereby, social media use is closely related to the form and connected of people, which is a bridge that can be able to achieve informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of people and common identity- and bonding-attachment which emphasizes emotional benefits from community members or friend group. Social capital would be resources accumulated through the relationships among people, which can be considered as an investment in social relations with expected returns and may achieve benefits from the greater access to and use of resources embedded in social networks. Social media using for their social capital has vastly been adopted in a cyber world, however, there has been little explaining the phenomenon theoretically how people may take advantages or opportunities through interaction among people, why people may interactively give willingness to help or their answers. The individual consciously express themselves in an online space, so called, common identity- or bonding-attachments. Common-identity attachment is the focus of the weak ties, which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support, whereas common-bonding attachment is explained that between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationship such as family and close friends. The common identify- and bonding-attachment are mainly studying on-offline setting, which individual convey an impression to others that are expressed to own interest to others. Thus, individuals expect to meet other people and are trying to behave self-presentation engaging in opposite partners accordingly. As developing social media, individuals are motivated to disclose self-disclosures of open and honest using diverse cues such as verbal and nonverbal and pictorial and video files to their friends as well as passing strangers. Social media context, common identity- and bond-attachment for self-presentation seems different compared with face-to-face context. In the realm of social media, social users look for self-impression by posting text messages, pictures, video files. Under the digital environments, people interact to work, shop, learn, entertain, and be played. Social media provides increasingly the kinds of intention and behavior in online. Typically, identity and bond social capital through self-presentation is the intentional and tangible component of identity. At social media, people try to engage in others via a desired impression, which can maintain through performing coherent and complementary communications including displaying signs, symbols, brands made of digital stuffs(information, interest, pictures, etc,). In marketing area, consumers traditionally show common-identity as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so on, to impress others in any given context in a shopping mall or opera. To examine these social capital and attachment, we combined a social capital theory with an attachment theory into our research model. Our research model focuses on the common identity- and bond-attachment how they are formulated through social capitals: cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, and individual characteristics. Thus, we examined that individual online kindness, self-rated expertise, and social relation influence to build common identity- and bond-attachment, and the attachment effects make an impact on both the willingness to help, however, common bond seems not to show directly impact on information sharing. As a result, we discover that the social capital and attachment theories are mainly applicable to the context of social media and usage in the individual networks. We collected sample data of 256 who are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Cyworld and analyzed the suggested hypotheses through the Structural Equation Model by AMOS. This study analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between the social network service usage and outcomes. Antecedents of kindness, confidence of knowledge, social relations are significantly affected to the mediators common identity-and bond attachments, however, interestingly, network externality does not impact, which we assumed that a size of network was a negative because group members would not significantly contribute if the members do not intend to actively interact with each other. The mediating variables had a positive effect on toward willingness to help. Further, common identity attachment has stronger significant on shared information.

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Self-Sovereign Identity Management: A Comparative Study and Technical Enhancements

  • Noot A. Alissa;Waleed A. Alrodhan
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제23권12호
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    • pp.27-80
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    • 2023
  • Nowadays usage of different applications of identity management IDM demands prime attention to clarify which is more efficient regarding preserve privacy as well as security to perform different operations concerning digital identity. Those operations represent the available interactions with identity during its lifecycle in the digital world e.g., create, update, delete, verify and so on. With the rapid growth in technology, this field has been evolving with a number of IDM models being proposed to ensure that identity lifecycle and face some significant issues. However, the control and ownership of data remines in the hand of identity service providers for central and federated approaches unlike in the self-sovereign identity management SSIM approach. SSIM is the recent IDM model were introduced to solve the issue regarding ownership of identity and storing the associated data of it. Thus, SSIM aims to grant the individual's ability to govern their identities without intervening administrative authorities or approval of any authority. Recently, we noticed that numerous IDM solutions enable individuals to own and control their identities in order to adapt with SSIM model. Therefore, we intend to make comparative study as much of these solutions that have proper technical documentation, reports, or whitepapers as well as provide an overview of IDM models. We will point out the existing research gaps and how this study will bridge it. Finally, the study will propose a technical enhancement, everKEY solution, to address some significant drawbacks in current SSIM solutions.