• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.5
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• pp.383-409
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• 1996

This study has two research objectives related to end-user computing (EUC). One of the research objectives was to investigate the current status of EUC of Korean firms. Another research objective was to examine the relationship between individual differences of end-users and EUC success. Using survey data from 752 end-users of 23 firms, the current status of EUC and the relationship between individual differences of end-users and EUC success were investigated. The current status of EUC was examined from six perspectives : 1) what is the characteristics of EUC strategy of Korean firms, 2) what are the individual characteristics of end-users in Korean firms 3) what are the characteristics of tasks performed by end-users computer, 4) what are the application areas of EUC, 5) How end-users are satisfied with the support of firm, 6) what are system usage and satisfaction of end-users. It was also found that individual differences of end-users are related to EUC success. More specifically, it was shown that the male gender, younger age, higher level of education, higher rank and organizational tenure, higher math ability, thinking type of cognitive style, positive and optimistic attitudes toward computer, more experience with computer, more computer education and knowledge are individual differences variables associated with EUC success. The results of stepwise regression analysis suggested that the individual difference variables accounted for 14%, 25%, 39%, and 30% of the variances of four EUC success variables, satisfaction for outcome, satisfaction for ability, frequency of computer use, and the number of tasks, respectively. Theses empirical findings suggest that EUC managers should consider individual differences of end-users in managing EUC, such as education, training support, and human resource management, to maximize potential benefits of EUC.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2008

Individual consumer characteristics change as the individual lifestyle changes. Each individual's unique lifestyle influences substantially the individual consumer behavior. Individual consumer's behavioral pattern varies significantly depending on the individual consumer's use of credit cards. Each individual's lifestyle or individual's perception of credit cards' brands and perceptual difference in qualities of credit cards' brands influence the individual's credit card selection. Credit card companies have been doing several researches in analyzing credit card users' lifestyle characteristics and consumer behavioral characteristics. However, researches on the relation of model structure among variables such as individual lifestyle, credit cards brand, quality perception of credit cards and credit card selection are not quite noticeable. Therefore, in this research we aim at providing a theoretical foundation with credit card companies by analyzing the relation of model structure among these factors.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.78-84
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• 2008

The traditional intelligent teachable system has mainly focused on knowledge and cognition. It has overlooked motivational aspects of learners. Motivation is an important factor in learning making learners to have interests in a given task and persist it. Although the systems include cognitive as well as motivational factors, the effects of ITS on interest are not equivalent depending on individual characteristics. This study is to investigate how influence learners' response patterns to their interests and also examined effects of individual characteristics on interest in teachable agent (TA). In this experiment, we used KORI which is a new type of ITS that learner teach computer agent based on the instructional method of learning by teaching'. In the beginning of experiments, metacognition, achievement goal orientation and self-efficacy were measured as individual characteristics. Then, participants were asked to use KORI at home during 10 days. After using KORI the level of interest were measured. The result showed that metacognition was positively related with interest, whereas performance goal orientation and mastery goal orientation were negatively related to interest. It suggests t hat different individual characteristics should be considered to promote learners' intrinsic motivation in TA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.5-26
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• 1993

In order to analyze travel mode choice behavior, behavioral models including logit model, based on revealed preference theory, have been using easily measurable variables such as individual socioeconomic characteristics and physical attributes of travel modes. But some recent attitudinal models of travel choice behavior have implied that the negligence of individual psychological variables and individual choice constraints in travel mode choice might preclude better prediction of individual travel mode choice behavior. In this context, this study was attempted to reconstruct an attitudinal model(AM), especially focused on the decision rules in travel mode choice decision making process, consistent with the conceptual framework relating individual attitude and choice constraints to choice behavior. And to evaluate the strengths of the AM to other comparative models(logit, linear-additive, conjunctive, lexicographic model) in predicting travel mode choice bebavior, an empirical study of the mode choice in work-trip to CBD in Seoul was performed. According to the results the percent of correct prediction(PCP) derived from the AM was higher than those derived from comparative models by at least 7 to 20% in predicting travel mode choice. But each model produced a different prediction accuracy depending on market segmentation by travel modal users, individual socioeconomic characteristics, transportation system characteristics, and satisfaction levels. The finding that different groups divided by a certain criterion employ different decision rules supports the necessity of developing a choice model such as the AM combining compensatory and noncompensatory decision rules, and suggests that a proposed transportation system management plan or policy may have different effects on each group.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

Purpose - The study sought to examine the relationship between individual characteristics and system features and Human Resource Information System (HRIS) success in Japanese manufacturing companies in Malaysia. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - This study adopt quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and system features and HRIS. Toward this objective, a total of 700 questionnaires were mailed to a representative of the organization. A total of 187 questionnaires were returned, and only 145 were usable for further analysis, representing a response rate of 20.71%. Result - Results indicated that individual characteristics and two dimensions of system characteristics (ease of use and training) were significantly related to HRIS success. Unexpectedly, the results showed that the third dimension of system features (documentation) was unrelated to HRIS success. Conclusions - The results partially support the underlying arguments that individual characteristics and system characteristics have significant influences on HRIS success. The finding suggests that HRIS success in the organization can be generated as a result of good implementation of system support and employees' readiness to apply HRIS in their jobs.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.169-187
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• 1995

Contemporary US metropolitan areas have undergone divergent economic transformation, and as a result labor markets have become the focus of concern in their role as determinants of earnings attainment. Explanations of individual earnings attainmnent as a lobor market outcome have been established in two diafferent stances one who emphasizes personal or group attributes in the human capital perspective and the other who emphasizes economic structure in the labor market segmentation perspective. While remaining at the conceptual level and yet relatively unexplored, the importance of place in labormarket operation is a significant advancement as it appears in labor market areas and local labor markets considering that labor market areas represent the intersection of labor market structure and individual labor market experiences at specific geographic places. The substantive inquiry of this study was to explore labor market characteristics and their differentiation across large metropolitan areas, and assess their effects on the individual earnings attainment. Integating individual attributes and labor market characteristics as major factors of labor market operation, this study intended to contextualize individual earnings attainment with geographic labor market areas. Using 1990 US population census 5% "Public-Use Microdata Samples, " the largest 65 metropolitan areas were first selected and employed male workers who are aged between 25 and 50 for whites, blacks, asians, and hispanics. As an initial step earnings differentials between racial/ethnic groups and selected 65 metropolitan areas were examined using analysis of variance, and then earnings differentials were attributed to the individual attributes such as education, age, and immigration status, and four dimensions of metropolitan labor market differentiation devised by principal component analysis of industrial and occupational segments: Public versus Blue Collar Core(CS1), Finance-Core Utility versus Blue Collar Local Monopoly (CS2), Oligopoly versus Blue Collar Periphery(CS3), and Self Employed-White Collar Periphery versus Low-Skill Core(CS4). As a final analysis, individual earnings were related to each individual attribute and its interaction with metropolitan labor market characteristics to examine how the differentiated metropolitan labor market characteristics alter the role of individual attributes on earnings attainment. The findings indicated that individual attributes, education in particular exert significant effects on earnings attainment, but their effects were significantly altered by metropolitan labor market characterristics. Particularly important dimensions were: Oligopoly differentiated from Blue Colla Periphery metropolitan areas enhancing earnings returns to individual attributes for all groups but minority groups (black, asians, hispanics) rely more on this, and Finance-Core Utility differentiated from Blue Collar Local Monopoly metropolitan areas provide higher earnings returns to whites exclusively. These findings suggest that individuals with identical individual attributes involving racial/ethnic categories would have different earnings atteinments depending on the metropolitan labor market characteristics where they reside. Referring back to the major traditions of the human capital and the labor market segmentation in labor market research, the interaction between individual attributes and metropolitan labor market haracteristics on earnings attainment highlights the complimentary nature of the two on earnings determination in particular geographic places, Hence, labor market characteristics differentiatcd across metropolitan areas are an integral part of labor market operation which should be considered for the explanation of individual earnings attainment and racial/ethnic group earnings differentials. Gcographic places are the important contexts for labor market segmentation and individual labor market experiences. In conclusion, this study brings geographic labor markets to the forefront in the examination of individuals' earnings attainments. The empirical vaidation of the role of metropolitan labor market charecteristics on earnings attainment, while exploratory contributes towards a broader perspective of geographic labor market research that recognizes that individuals' labor market experiences are intertwined with geographic contexts of labor market operatin. operatin.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2005

Recently much attention has been paid to the effect of neighborhood characteristics on the health of individuals, independent of individual demographic and/or socioeconomic characteristics. Although many empirical studies of a kind, mostly based on Western society, have appeared on various international journals, few studies have shown empirical evidence of neighborhood characteristics as an independent and significant risk factor of ill health in Korea. This paper discusses possible reasons that neighborhood seems to be neither significant nor substantial regarding its impact on the health of Koreans. Addressing the uniqueness of Korean society regarding the concept of neighborhood, attributes of neighborhoods, and methodological challenges, authors suggest that more sophisticated conceptual and methodological approach, specific to Korean society, should enable to reveal the effect of neighborhood characteristics on individual health in Korea.

• IE interfaces
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.314-329
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• 2004

The rapid growth of investments in mobile service to reach a large and growing body of customers, coupled with low communication costs, has made user acceptance an increasingly critical management issue. The study draws upon the task-technology fit (TTF) model as its theoretical basis and its empirical findings to pragmatically explain the key factors that affect the performance and user acceptance of mobile service in medical field. A total of 110 usable responses were obtained. The findings indicate that the task, technology, and individual user characteristics positively affect task-technology fit and mobile service usage. The task-technology fit and mobile service usage are the dominant factors that affect mobile service performance. The result points out the importance of the fit between technologies and users' tasks in achieving individual performance impact from mobile service in medical arena.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.918-925
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• 2006

Recent development of teachable agent provides learners with active roles as knowledge constructors and focuses on the individualization. The aim of this adaptive agent is not only to maximize the learner's cognitive functions but also to enhance the interests and motivation to learn. In order to establish the relationships among user characteristics and response patterns and to extract the algorithm among variables, we measured the individual characteristics and analyzed logs of the teachable agent named KORI (KORea university Intelligent agent) through the student modeling. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify the relationships among individual characteristics, user responses, and learning outcomes. Among hundreds of possible relationships between numerous variables in three dimensions, nine key user responses were extracted, which were highly correlated with either individual characteristics and learning outcomes. The results suggest that certain type of learner responses or the combination of the responses would be useful indices to predict the learners' individual characteristics and ongoing learning outcome. This study proposed a new type of dynamic assessment for individual differences and ongoing cognitive/motivational learning outcomes through the computation of responses without measuring them directly. The construction of individualized student model based on the ongoing response pattern of the user that are highly correlated with the individual differences and learning outcome may be the useful methodology to understand the learner's dynamic change during learning.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.171-180
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• 2017

This study was executed to verify the effects of individual and environmental characteristics of secondary-school teachers on teacher efficacy and job satisfaction. To do so, a survey of teacher efficacy and job satisfaction was conducted to 696 man and woman teachers from 55 secondary schools in Gwangju and Jeonnam province, and then the results of the survey were analyzed. In this study, teacher efficacy was composed as four factors: sense of calling, teaching-learning, colleague relation and school organization. And job satisfaction was categorized as three factors: job relation, compensation system and working environment. The Multivariate analysis results showed a significant difference in teacher efficacy and job satisfaction according to teachers' individual characteristics and working environment. Conclusively, teacher efficacy and job satisfaction are complicated factors formed by teachers' individual and environmental characteristics. To improve secondary-school teachers' teacher efficacy and job satisfaction, it is necessary to develop training and education programs reflecting individual and environmental characteristics.