• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.339-352
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial role models (ERM) and entrepreneurship education (EE) on individual entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and its consequences for entrepreneurial intention (EI). Data is obtained through a survey method on 255 management and business university students who had completed the entrepreneurship education program. To evaluate the research model, the data is processed using PLS-SEM. The results of this study indicate that the existence of entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial education programs for students affects the components of individual entrepreneurial orientation, namely individual innovativeness, individual proactiveness, and individual risk-taker. However, ERMs do not have a direct effect on EI. The main finding of this research appears on the influence of individual EO on EI, which indicates that only individual innovativeness impacts entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, personal proactiveness and risk-takers are proven to have no impact on EI. This study succeeded in filling the research gap, namely, examining the influence of ERMs on each of the components forming an individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) and its EI. This research model also provides a comprehensive research model on the influence of pre-entrepreneurial exposure on IEO and its consequences on EI.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.395-407
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• 2022

This study examines the emotional undercurrents of individual investors. Earlier finance theory was based on the assumption that investors would act rationally. According to the findings, it is the investors' collective expectations and anxieties that have an impact on their investment fortunes. This necessitates a high level of emotional stability on the side of the investors. Investors must have a firm foundation in financial literacy to have the requisite level of emotional stability. This study aims to add to existing theory and practice by analyzing whether investors who have received business-related education are less emotional than those who have not. For the survey inquiry of individual investors, 'fear' and 'love' are considered among the emotional undercurrents of individual investors. The research is based on a survey of 875 individual investors in India, 342 of whom had a business background and the others have none. It has been discovered that no investor, regardless of their level of business education, is emotion-free. Investors with and without a business education display emotional stability in many behavioral aspects of fear and love to varying degrees.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.7
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• pp.365-379
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• 2001

The contents of summarizing this study are as follows. 1. The elements of ethical decision making depend upon the individual characteristics. 2. The elements of ethical decision making depend upon the two aspects of the individual characteristics. 3. The ethical decision making processes of business managements consist of the three steps of utilitarianism, individual righteousness, fair distributions. 4. The ethical decision making processes of multinational corporations consist of the three steps of utilitarianism, individual righteousness, and fair distributions. The utilization methods of this study are as follows. 1. They can be reflected in the formulations of business ethics codes. 2. They can be utilized in the executions of business ethics educations. 3. They can be utilized as means to heighten the ethics standards of business interests groups.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2003

This paper proposes an e-business maturity model for small and medium-sized enterprises. The model consists of five maturity levels, which are on-line access, on-line business, matured on-line business, and full on-line business from least matured level to most matured level. The model can be used to assess e-business maturity level of individual enterprises. individual enterprise's maturity level can be assessed by examining sample check lists. Additionally, this paper summarizes the results of an application of the proposed model to a couple of small and medium-sized enterprises. This model can also be used to suggest what individual enterprises need to be upgraded towards higher maturity level.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

Purpose - The study sought to examine the relationship between individual characteristics and system features and Human Resource Information System (HRIS) success in Japanese manufacturing companies in Malaysia. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - This study adopt quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and system features and HRIS. Toward this objective, a total of 700 questionnaires were mailed to a representative of the organization. A total of 187 questionnaires were returned, and only 145 were usable for further analysis, representing a response rate of 20.71%. Result - Results indicated that individual characteristics and two dimensions of system characteristics (ease of use and training) were significantly related to HRIS success. Unexpectedly, the results showed that the third dimension of system features (documentation) was unrelated to HRIS success. Conclusions - The results partially support the underlying arguments that individual characteristics and system characteristics have significant influences on HRIS success. The finding suggests that HRIS success in the organization can be generated as a result of good implementation of system support and employees' readiness to apply HRIS in their jobs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This paper empirically explores the predicting ability of the newly proposed smooth transition (ST) time-varying combining forecast methods. The proposed method allows the "weight" of combining forecasts to change gradually over time through its unique feature of transition variables. Stock market returns from 7 countries were applied to Ad Hoc models, the well-known Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) family models, and the Smooth Transition Exponential Smoothing (STES) models. Of the individual models, GJRGARCH and STES-E&AE emerged as the best models and thereby were chosen for constructing the combined forecast models where a total of nine ST combining methods were developed. The robustness of the ST combining forecasts is also validated by the Diebold-Mariano (DM) test. The post-sample forecasting performance shows that ST combining forecast methods outperformed all the individual models and fixed weight combining models. This study contributes in two ways: 1) the ST combining methods statistically outperformed all the individual forecast methods and the existing traditional combining methods using simple averaging and Bates & Granger method. 2) trading volume as a transition variable in ST methods was superior to other individual models as well as the ST models with single sign or size of past shocks as transition variables.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-74
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• 2022

Purpose - This study aims to examine the relationship between flexible Human Resource Management (HRM) and individual ambidexterity and the moderating effect of trust in management. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected 971 survey data from employees in Korea. The Confimatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and the multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings - First, the flexible human resource management have a positive effect on individual ambidexterity. Second, trust in management positively moderate the relationship between flexible human resource management and individual ambidexterity. Research implications or Originality - First, this study is critical that it examines individual ambidexterity and antecedent factor, which have not been relatively researched in Korea. This study is meaningful in that it revealed that the individual ambidexterity can be increased through flexible human resource management. Second, individual ambidexterity may vary depending on the characteristics of the human resource management system. Third, it is important to find the boundary condition of trust in management. By finding conditions that enhance the effect of flexible human resource management on individual ambidexterity, it also provides practical implications applicable to companies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.133-141
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• 2012

Virtual project organization may be recognized as one of the promising business models in which many knowledge sources externalize through cross boundaries of knowledge-based organizations. This paper proposes a knowledge competence evaluation of virtual project organization based on the following perspectives: 1) Individual knowledge perspective, 2) Activity-oriented knowledge perspective, and 3) Knowledge-driven social network perspective. In the framework, individual knowledge competence having experienced or learned from knowledge-based activities and virtual networks in the project, should be evaluated according to the assumption that knowledge and collaboration competence depends on the activities and networks acquired proportionally by the past participation to projects. An illustrative SI example is given in order to validate the proposed evaluation and computing procedure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.541-548
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• 2020

This study aimed to explain the factors that influenced an individual's decision to migrate. The method of analysis in this study was the estimation of the probit regression model with data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5), which covered 30,000 individuals from 13 provinces in Indonesia. Data from IFLS-5 were longitudinal data, meaning that the study was looking for data consistently to get reliable data from respondents. The research variables to determine the individual's decision to migrate were education level, income level, employment status, marital status, land ownership status, health quality, gender, residence status, and poverty status. Individual decision to migrate as a dependent variable was placed as a dummy variable. The results showed that the level of education, income level, employment status, marital status, land ownership status, health quality, and poverty status significantly influenced an individual's decision to migrate. Meanwhile, gender and residence status did not significantly affect an individual's decision to migrate. This research recommends that it is necessary to pursue a policy of economic equality between regions because economic factors are the main trigger for an individual's decision to migrate. Policies to overcome economic disparities among regions will reduce the individual's decision to migrate.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-112
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• 2019

To investigate the interplay between individual and collective self-regulations, the authors propose a dialectic process that describes the changes in the locus of self-regulations between individual self and collective self. The results from three studies display a strong support for the two sets of hypotheses drawn from the proposed process. Our findings demonstrate that consumers can move the locus of self-regulation from individual-self to collective-self when a social identity is activated (preliminary study and study1). Further examination of regulatory swing between individual and collective regulatory orientations revealed group identification as a key variable in determining the locus of self-regulation (study2). While a consumer with a high level of group identification changes her locus of self-regulation from an individual to a collective (a regulatory shift) and evaluated messages and products framed consistent with their group orientation, a consumer with low level of group identification maintains her locus of self-regulation in her personal level of self (a regulatory preservation) and evaluated messages and products framed consistent with their personal regulatory focus.