• Title/Summary/Keyword: indirect tax

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A Study on the Transformation of Family Policy in Germany - Focused on Political Ideologies and Instruments of Major Political Parties (독일 가족정책의 변천에 대한 연구 -주요 정당의 정책이념과 정책수단의 변화를 중심으로)

  • 이진숙
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.145-179
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    • 2002
  • This study explores the change of family policy in Germany focused on political ideologies and instruments of CDU/CSU and SPD. In past 50 years after the 2. world war the family policy in Germany has been influenced by ideologies of 2 major political parties. With conservative political perspectives, CDU and CSU intend to strengthen the institution family and traditional division of domestic work. Therefore, they prefer indirect support methods by income tax benefit for family as political instrument. SPD with liberal political perspectives intends to support working married women and children. As political instrument SPD prefers allowance for child to indirect support system. This different political perspectives of 2 major parties have been reflected automatically on the federal administrative system(BMFSFJ) which takes responsibility of family policy in Germany. Through the analysis of attitudes to family policy of major parties in Germany this paper attempts to be manifest the problem of korean family policy and to find implications of german modell.

The Welfare Mix Structure in Korea: an Expenditure Study of 2000 (한국 복지혼합의 구조: 2000년도 지출추계를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Jin-Wook
    • 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.04a
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    • pp.387-411
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this article is to analyse the expenditure structure of the welfare mix; in order to grasp the holistic feature of the Korean social welfare. Most of all, the article attempts to elaborate the estimation methods of social welfare expenditure by including the components from which has been excluded so far - indirect tax expenditure of the government, nursery payments of households, life insurance pay-outs for survivors, inter-household private income transfers and the value of caring work of the family. In so doing, the article estimates that the total social welfare expenditure including state, enterprise, market, NPOs and family reached at 24.7% of GDP in 2000, which is approximately 2.5 times more than public social welfare expenditure. It implies that non-state, private sectors dominates the structure of social welfare provisions in Korea. In addition, based on the analyses of the expenditure structure, the article defines the main feature of Korea's welfare mix as the 'mixed structure of the welfare mix dominated by the protective family', or 'expanded public sector, relatively limited market, and protective family'. Such a family-dominated welfare mix structure in Korea indicates that the fundamental source of solidarity of the Korean social welfare system is family and, therefore, the welfare regime of Korea can be classified as 'Conservative'.

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A Study on the Inducement of Private Investment to the Rural Village Improvement (민간자본에 의한 농어촌 마을정비 방안 모색)

  • 박시현
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.32-39
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    • 1998
  • In Korea, rural village improvement has mainly been led by goverment investment. This approach, however, has its own limit since there are so many village to be improved while the budgetary sources are restricted, As an alternative, inducement of private investments to these area is considered in order to promote rural village improvement. The possibility of inducing private investments to the rural village improvement depends on the location of the village. The possibility may be highest in the sub-urban area since expected benefits from land development is usually high. One desirable approach to induce private investment to these area is the cooperative development system. Residents, private investors and governments plays its own role, independently and cooperatively, But benifits from the investment to improve rural village in general plain area are so low that it is difficult to induce the private investments to these area. In that case, indirect development system will be a proper strategy which maintaining government-led development method as usual, expanding the participation of private developers such as the construction companies. In general, rate of returns from investment to the rural sectors is lower than that to the other sectors, therefore financial support such as the long- term, low loan rate and a partial value-added tax exemption should be given to the investors to the rural village improvement projects.

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Government Support for Animation as Audiovisual Policy (방송영상 콘텐츠로서의 애니메이션 지원제도 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Jae
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.39
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    • pp.27-58
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    • 2015
  • The crisis in profit and funding for animation is in evidence around the world. The change in media environment has forced broadcasting advertising revenue down and animation viewers spread out. Now, animation players in the strongest position are either the US major studios, or producers benefiting from domestic support schemes. Government support is available in many countries because many governments believe that support for domestic animation carries both economic and cultural benefits. This paper is designed to suggest new policy schemes for Korean animation industry. The new paradigm of animation policy needs a new perspective on content industry as a whole, not centered on the animation itself. The researchers on public policy for culture, audiovisual and content industry argued that the government should, (i) play the role of facilitator for virtuous cycle of industry value chain, (ii) provide fiscal support through automatic and selective schemes, (iii) provide tax benefit to strengthen the competitiveness of industry, and (iv) enforce the broadcasters to contribute to domestic programming and financing. Comparative analysis on French and Canadian audiovisual policy supports such arguments, and animation industry of two countries are enjoying the high audience ratings and sustainable production volume. From the analysis, this paper suggests the new government schemes for Korean animation industry, which are, (i) securing the public funding for fiscal support, (ii) introduction of automatic production support, (iii) modification of broadcasting quota, (iv) broadcaster's performance envelope and production quota, and (v) tax benefit as indirect support.

An Analysis on the Economic Impact of China's Education Industry (중국 교육산업의 경제적 파급효과에 대한 분석)

  • Sang, Li;Zhang, Yizhou;Zhang, Mengze
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.299-311
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the ripple effect of the Chinese education industry on the national economy by using the industry-related table of 2017 by the China Statistical Office to use it as policy data for revitalization of the Chinese education industry in the future. To achieve this purpose, 149 industries in the basic classification of the industry-related table were classified into 32 industries. Based on these classifications, by analyzing the production induction coefficient, sensitivity coefficient, influence coefficient, yield inducement coefficient, production tax induction coefficient, and labor induction coefficient, etc. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between different industries and to find out the economic impact of the Chinese education industry. The analysis results show that in 2017, the total production induction coefficient of China's education industry was 1.7188, the row total was 1.0626, the sensitivity coefficient was 0.01211, the influence coefficient was 0.01958, the income induction coefficient was 0.6667, the production tax induction coefficient was 0.035, and the final demand was 1 billion yuan. When this occurs, the labor induction coefficient shows a total of 31,254 persons (indirect 15,541 persons, direct 15,713 persons). Based on the analysis results, this study suggested the implications that government support, technology introduction and application of new operating models, policy regulations, and efficient supervision of the system and president are required for further development of the Chinese education industry.

A Study on Policy Alternatives for Major Changes in the Korea's Agricultural Energy System (우리나라 농업 에너지체계의 전환을 위한 정책대안 연구)

  • Jung, In-Whan;Ko, Soon-Chul
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.251-265
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    • 2004
  • The agricultural sector's economic structure in Korea is regarded to encounter major barriers on the way toward revitalizing its economic prosperity. Among many, the energy-related problem is one of prime nuclei embedded in the country's agricultural sector. The ought-to-come structural changes in the country's agricultural energy system hinge upon the central government's policy direction as well as efforts of local governments and local farming community members. The indirect aids via 'cross subsidy' of electricity tariff rate and 'tax-exempt price' of oil fuels are two notable causes of the unsustainable energy consumption pattern in the country's agricultural sector. As measures, demand-side management(DSM) and energy-efficiency promotions are regarded to be the most attractive methods for energy conservation and economic productivity as well. Development of renewable energy sources are also receiving a great deal of attention for the long-term alternatives to the country's existing oil-based agricultural production mode. This study examines the contributive potential of DSM approaches and renewables-based technologies. With the critical evaluation on the concurrent adversities of the country's agricultural energy system, various sources of renewable energy-solar power, wind power, biomass, etc.-are examined for the purpose of technological and economical viability. As sufficient potentials of renewable energy sources are being estimated, both the system production cost and the installation cost for the county's rural areas are expected to lower in the long term. DSM options are also evaluated to be fruitful even in the short term. Both the public and civil arenas must galvanise each side's effort in order to promote these policy options and community potentials.

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The Economic Impact Analysis of Rural Tourism Development Projects (농촌관광마을 육성사업의 경제적 파급효과 분석)

  • Son, Eun-Ho;Park, Duk-Byeong;Yoon, Jun-Sang
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.155-179
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    • 2014
  • Input-output(I-O) analysis is now widely used to examine the economic impact of tourism. The study aims to demonstrate the impact of agri-tourism development project on local development in terms of income and employment. Based on the I-O transactions tables developed by Bank of Korea (2011), rural tourism related sectoral multipliers were derived with respect to output, income, employment, and value-added tax. The results of the I-O model indicate that in 2011, rural tourism development generated 1,387 billion Won of output impact, 287 billion Won of income impact, 275 billion Won of value-added impact, and 41,127 full-time jobs, respectively throughout direct, indirect, and induced effects. In particular, the restaurant sector had relative higher output and employment multipliers as compared to other industries, whereas they had lower multipliers of income and value-added than any other industries. The findings imply that the restaurant sector was relatively labor-intensive industry, generating high impact of employment effects.

A Study on the Perception of Stakeholders on Sunken Costs of an Urban Development Project (도시재생 사업의 매몰비용에 관한 이해집단간의 의식조사 연구)

  • Shin, Seungil;Lee, Ung-Kyun;Cho, Hunhee;Kang, Kyung-In
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.591-596
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    • 2014
  • This study investigates the perception of the sunken costs of an urban development project, which is currently a social problem through a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that local and federal governments, political authorities, association members, landowners, etc. partially recognize their responsibility in bearing the sunken cost. It is also found that all stakeholders who participated in the maintenance project felt shared responsibility of bearing the sunken costs and exchanging solutions to mitigate the same, rather than making one party deal with the same. This study also suggests that with regard to reducing these sunken costs, the public sector should offer indirect support (by bearing the cost of infrastructure, tax benefits, regulation relaxation, etc.) rather than direct support so that the association members can make a reasonable choice on the project execution.

Study on Improvement Measures of Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design for Expansion of Applying Green Roof - Focused on LEED in the USA and BREEAM in the UK - (옥상녹화 적용확대를 위한 녹색건축인증제도 개선방안 연구 - 미국 LEED 및 영국 BREEAM의 비교·분석을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Ji-Hyeon;Kwon, Hyuck-Sam;Kim, Jung-Gon;Lee, Bum-Sik
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2018
  • Green roof in Korea has been recognized as part of landscape area and local governments enacted municipal ordinance for supporting green roof thereby assisting part of expenses spent for green roof within a range of budget for buildings which are eligible for the green roof support of existing buildings. However, it is necessary to enforce a regulation of mandatory green roof for new buildings in order to expand green roof application and provide a variety of assistances such as subsidy payment, tax relief, and mitigation of floor area ratio-related regulation as done in other advanced nations. In particular, LEED(Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design) in the USA applies additional point directly for green roof in terms of the reduction in heat island effects. For example, the following items are beneficial to have additional points: habitat preservation or restoration, external space, rainwater management, reduction in outdoor water usage, minimum energy performance, and optimum energy performance. In addition, the BREEAM(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) in the UK specifies green roof as one of assessment items to be complied in terms of diversity of species. As such, LEED and BREEAM reflect direct and indirect effects of green roof on assessment criteria, which suggest a direction to green building certification criteria in Korea where only additional points are given for green roof according to soil depth.

An Analysis of the Regional Economic Impact of Sport Events by use of the Input-Output Model - Focus on Sokcho, Korea - (산업연관분석을 이용한 스포츠이벤트의 지역경제효과 분석 - 한국 속초시를 중심으로 -)

  • Han, Sung-Soo;Kim Sang-Ho;Cha, Dae-kyu
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.167-186
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic impact of the 23 sport-events in the city of Sokcho using an input-output(I-O) model. The multipliers of the sport-events were derived with respect to output, value added, personal income, indirect tax, and employment. The survey was conducted to estimate the total expenditures from participants (players, staffs, and spectators) (N = 1,026). In results, the lifetime sport-events were much more efficient than the elite sport-events in qualitative perspectives. Consequently, the result of this study can be used as an objective indicator to help to establish sport policies for the city of Sokcho.