• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2014

Although fiber-reinforced posts have been widely used, they sometimes fail to obtain sufficient retention because of an extremely large canal space. To address this, several techniques have been introduced including relining of the fiber-reinforced posts. Here, we used a relined glass-fiber post to increase retention and fitness to the root canal in a crown reattachment case. The relining procedure was performed by using an indirect method on the working cast. This case also highlights the esthetic concerns regarding dehydration of the attached crown fragment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2001

An analysis of anthropometric data of feet of Korean adults was made in this study. Anthropometric data were measured with the direct measurement method and indirect measurement method. Martin scales and a tapeline were used for direct measurement. Digital images taken with a digital camera as an indirect measurement method were analyzed using AutoCAD program. Total 114 adults aged from 20's to 40's participated in this study. Especially right and left feet were measured. Right and left side were compared and differences according to age were compared too. Feet shape, arch height, and deformation of toe were analyzed. The comparison between right and left foot showed that many subjects had different anthropometric data in their feet. Feet deformation including arch height and claw toe shape showed very serious status. Close and continuous attention to feet deformation is strongly needed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07f
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• pp.2095-2097
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• 1997

This paper describes a indirect sensing method for the rotor flux position of interior permanent magnet (IPM) brushless DC motors. The phase inductance of an IPM motor varies appreciably according to the rotor position. The waveform characteristics of the terminal voltage of IPM brushless DC motors is analysed and a simple and practical method for indirect sensing of the rotor position is proposed. A compact sensorless drive is implemented and tested using a 87c196mc 16-bit microcomputer. The experimental results show the validity of the proposed method and the drive works well from 500 to 7,200rpm.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.660-664
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• 2004

The indirect rotor position detection method using terminal voltage of brushless DC motor (BLDCM) requires simple control circuit, and has wide speed range of sensorless operation. However, because the substantial phase difference exists between real back emf and terminal voltage, the existing indirect detection method using analog filter which is affected by frequency, speed, and load sensitively cannot be synchronized with current, in the end, it advances or delays. This paper presents new analog filter circuit design for rotor position estimation in order to solve the problem, and proposes novel sensorless operation method which is stable even in high speed range and not influenced by parameters with analysis on phase difference by load and speed. Moreover, the appropriateness of the proposed sensorless drive in this paper is verified and analyzed by experimentation.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2010

The indirect approach for measuring the bridge frequencies from the dynamic responses of a passing vehicle is a highly potential method. In this study, the effect of road surface roughness on such an approach is studied through finite element simulations. A two-dimensional mathematical model with the vehicle simulated as a moving sprung mass and the bridge as a simply-supported beam is adopted. The dynamic responses of the passing vehicle are solved by the finite element method along with the Newmark ${\beta}$ method. Through the numerical examples studied, it is shown that the presence of surface roughness may have negative consequence on the extraction of bridge frequencies from the test vehicle. However, such a shortcoming can be overcome either by introducing multiple moving vehicles on the bridge, besides the test vehicle, or by raising the moving speed of the accompanying vehicles.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.319-322
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• 1992

This paper proposes indirect adaptive pole placement adaptive controller using a modified least squares method. If an adaptive controller has good performance, it is necessary that an estimator have fast convergence. This paper presents a modified least squares method which guarantees the stability of estimator and has fast convergence. In this algorithm, information on signal level is obtained from the determinent of covariance matrix and according to it, weighting factor is tuned.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.179.5-179
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• 2001

Generally, while PD-type fuzzy controller has good performance in transient period, it has uniform steady state error of response. To improve limitations of PD-type fuzzy controller, we propose a new fuzzy controller to improve the performance of transient response and to eliminate the steady state error of response. In this paper, PD-type fuzzy controller is used a simplified indirect inference method(SIIM). When the SIIM is applied, the proposed method has the capability of the high speed inference and adapting with increasing the number of the fuzzy input variables easily. The outputs of this controller are the output calculated by PD-type fuzzy controller and the accumulated error scaling factor. Here, the accumulated error scaling factor is adjusted by fuzzy rule according to the system state variables. To show the usefulness of the proposed controller, it is applied to 0-type 2nd-order linear system.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.585-591
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• 1998

It is proposed a new compensation method in the rotor time constant of indirect vector controlled induction motor. The proposed scheme is an on-line method using the stator current error that is the difference between current command and estimated current calculated from terminal voltages and currents. As the current error becomes to zero, the rotor time constant in the vector controller approaches the real value. The proposed method shows good performances in the transient region as well as in the steady state region regardless of load torque variation, and it is verified by the computer simulation using SIMULINK in Matlab.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1970

In order to approach a reasonable method for the indirect estimation of the productivity in terrestrial plants, allometric method was studied with herbs, such as Boenmeria frutescens and Hibiscus mutabilis, and scrubs, such as Robinia pseud oacacia and Morus alba f. Hchiroe. Allometric relations between D230H, square of the stem(or shoot) diameter(D30) on 30cm height above ground multiplied by stem length(H), and the amount of the stem(Ws), orof the leaves per stem, were fitted to each material plant with linear regression. The allometric coefficient in relation of D230H to Ws was approximated between scrubs having different life form, and the allometric function in relation of DF2 to WL was common between herbs in spite of having different growth habitat. As the allometries between D230H and Ws or WL were changeable with the seasonal change it funciton should be calculated repeatedly whenever investigating the standing crop of such community. It is able to utilize an indirect value of D30 obtained from the allometry between D30 and H because direct measurement of D30 in the field is accompanied by troublesome and waste of much time.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

The source flow ripple and the source impedance in hydraulic pump are characteristic values showing fluid-borne vibration characteristics decisively. We cannot measure these two characteristic values directly, but can measure them by some indirect methods. One representative indirect measuring method is ISO 10767-1. The authors constructed a hardware and a software for the measuring method based on ISO 10767-1. Through the error evaluation of the measured results, accuracy of the measuring method using ISO 10767-1 was examined in detail.