• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

The efficiency of fabrication (fab) operation is one of the key factors in order for a semiconductor manufacturing company to stay competitive. Optimization of manpower and forecasting manpower needs in a modern fab is an essential part of the future strategic planing and a very important to the operational efficiency. As the semiconductor manufacturing technology has entered the 8-inch wafer era, the complexity of fab operation increases with the increase of wafer size. The wafer handling method has evolved from manual mode in 6-inch wafer fab to semi-automated or fully automated factory in 8-inch and 12-inch wafer fab. The distribution of manpower requirement in each specialty varied as the trend of fab operation goes for downsizing manpower with automation and outsourcing maintenance work. This paper is to study the specialty distribution of manpower from the requirement in a typical 6-inch, 8-inch to 12-inch wafer fab. The human resource planning in today’s fab operation shall consider many factors, which include the stability of technical talents. This empirical study mainly focuses on the human resource planning, the manpower distribution of specialty structure and the forecast model of internal demand/supply in current semiconductor manufacturing company. Considering the market fluctuation with the demand of varied products and the advance in process technology, the study is to design a headcount forecast model based on current manpower planning for direct labour (DL) and indirect labour (IDL) in Taiwan’s fab. The model can be used to forecast the future manpower requirement on each specialty for the strategic planning of human resource to serve the development of the industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2444-2450
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• 2010

This paper is aimed at surveying the method that supports logical and theoretical back grounds of the public service incorporation, to compare and analyze the existing systems of knowledge and to find out any problems which may cause while incorporating "Mud Management Industry Official in Boryeong City Hall(MMIO)", ultimately coming out with systematical answers to them. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the goods MMIO produces and supplies belong to public service. Second, it is desirable for a MMIO to take the form of public enterprise or public utility, harmonizing entrepreneurship with publicness and locality. Third, the most desirable system of management for the incorporated MMIO seems to be indirect one. Fourth, This study also presents the ways of complementing or overcoming every problem caused when we choose, as the management control system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.5
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• pp.659-668
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• 2008

Recently, the component model based on the Exogenous Connector has been proposed in which controls are separated from computation by managing the beginning and result of method calls in the connector. Although it could be loosely coupled between components, it has a problem that is a potential preponderance of element objects of the system by increasing the number of connectors and connection levels. In this paper we propose the Tree Component Model with the Hybrid Message Passing that combines direct and indirect message passing. In our model, components are wrapped by interfaces and controls are separated from computation by only using their interface references. There is a unique feature that the composition structure of components becomes the tree always. As a result of demonstration and comparison, it is found that the Tree Component Model is applicable practically and decreases objects to mediate message passing and build the system.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

In general, it is well known fact that the stone mastic asphalt (SMA) pavement has a high resistance against rutting. However, performance of SMA is not well measured by general method used in the laboratory. The objective of this study is to investigate an applicability of deformation strength ($S_D$) for performance estimation of SMA, and to find out the correlation between rut depth and dynamic stability, and $S_D$ of SMA. This study carried out wheel tracking test and Kim-test with optimum asphalt content (OAC) determined by mix design. The results indicated that the $S_D$ of SMA was very poorer than those of dense-graded asphalt mixtures. $S_D$ showed similar WT dynamic stability and rut-depth level. It was found that Kim-test was not reflected higher rutting resistance of SMA like as indirect tensile strength (ITS) test and Marshall stability test. Also, it was revealed that dynamic stability and rut-depth of WT had some problems to estimate rutting resistance of SMA mixtures.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Since forest is an important part of ecological system, the deforestation is one of global substantive issues. It is generally accepted that the climate change is related to the deforestation. The issue is worse in developing countries because the forest is one of important natural resources. In the case of North Korea, the deforestation is on the rise from forest reclamation for firewood collection and food production. Moreover, a secondary effect from flood intensifies the damage. Also, the political situation in North Korea presents difficulty to have in-situ measurements. It means that the accurate information of North Korea is nearly impossible to obtain. Thus, assessing the current situation of the forest in North Korea by indirect method is required. The objective of this study is to monitor the forest status of North Korea using multitemporal Landsat images, from 1980s to 2010s. Since the deforestation in North Korea is caused by local residents, we selected two study areas of high population density: Pyeongyang and Hyesan. In North Korea, most of clean Landsat images are acquired in fall season. The fall images have an advantage that we can easily distinguish agriculture areas from forest areas, also have an disadvantage that the forests cannot be easily identified because some of trees have turned red. To identify the forests exactly, we proposed a modified Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (mNDVI) value. The deforestation in Pyeongyang and Hyesan was analyzed by using mNDVI. The dimension of forest has decreased approximately 36% in Pyeongyang for 27 years and approximately 25% in Hyesan for 16 years. The results show that the forest areas in Pyeongyang and Hyesan have been steadily reduced.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.251-278
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• 2011

The purpose of this study aimed to examine work environment and culture of the employees in private security corporation on the organizational performance. 200 guards who worked at security employees in Julanam buk provinces in 2011 were selected by using the method of judgment sampling and 188 guards were used for analysis. The data were analyzed with frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis of the collected data from the respondents by using SPSS 15.0. The conclusion was as follows: First, there was significant relationship between work environment and culture of the employees, organizational performance in private security corporation. Second, organizational environment of employees in private security corporation exerts influence of organizational culture and organizational performance. That is, organizational environment of employees in private security corporation exerts direct influence on organization performance, but it exerts indirect effect through organizational culture.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of computer game exposure on pathological musculoskeletal symptoms in adolescents. Method: This study included 10 male junior high school students who used computers less than 3 times a week for 1 hr per day. The subjects were asked to play computer games for 4 hr. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hand and wrist, from the distal radius and ulnar head to the distal phalanges, and radiography of the cervical vertebrae were performed before and after playing computer games. For each dependent variable, a paired t-test was performed to identify significant changes before and after a 4-hr active computer game (p<.05). Results: The horizontal diameters of the flexor tendons in the index and middle fingers were significantly reduced after playing computer games. The horizontal diameters of the flexor tendons of other fingers did not show any significant differences, but there was a tendency toward a decrease after playing computer games. There was no significant change in the cervical lordosis angle before and after playing computer games. However, the cervical lordosis angle was relatively decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that computer game exposure had direct and indirect effects on morphological changes of flexor tendons. In addition, playing computer games for long periods of time can have a negative effect on normal functioning of the musculoskeletal system, with the possible development of abnormalities. However, computer game exposure in adolescents cannot be decisively identified as a factor causing pathological symptoms, based on the results of this study alone. Thus, longterm longitudinal studies on the overall musculoskeletal system are necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.287.1-287.1
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• 2013

The Isolation of few-layered transition metal dichalcogenides has mainly been performed by mechanical and chemical exfoliation with very low yields. in particular, the two-dimensional layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has recently attracted much interest due to its direct-gap property and potential application in optoelectronics and energy harvesting. However, the synthetic approach to obtain high-quality and large-area MoS2 atomic thin layers is still rare. In this account, a controlled thermal reductionsulfurization method is used to synthesize large-MoOx thin films are first deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates, which are then sulfurized (under vacuum) at high temperatures. Samples with different thicknesses have been analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and TEM, and their photoluminescence properties have been evaluated. We demonstrated the presence of single-, bi-, and few-layered MoS2 on as-grown samples. It is well known that the electronic structure of these materials is very sensitive to the number of layer, ranging from indirect band gap semiconductor in the bulk phase to direct band gap semiconductor in monolayers. This synthetic approach is simple, scalable, and applicable to other transition metal dichalcogenides. Meanwhile, the obtained MoS2 films are transferable to arbitrary substrates, providing great opportunities to make layered composites by stacking various atomically thin layers.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 1987

Chlamydia trachomatis has now shown that this interesting intracellular parasite is a cause of nongonococcal urethritis, infantile pneumonia, pelvic inflammatory disease and epididymitis, in addition to lymphogranuloma venerum and inclusion conjunctivitis. There are several diagnostic methods for C. trachomatis, but the method using monoclonal antibody is the most sensitive and specific. The hybride cell were prepared by fusion of myeloma cell($P_3X_{63}\;Ag_8{\cdot}V_{653}$) of mouse and lymphocyte of mouse(BALB/c) that were immunized with formalin killed C. trachomatis serotype D. The cell mixtures after fusion were dispensed into 640 wells of the 96 well culture plates and continuously cultured in HAT medium for 2 weeks. The supernatants of culture media in 83(13%) wells were reacted with C. trachomatis, which were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 96 well microplate. The clones that secreted antibody to C. trachomatis were cloned by limiting dilution. Only six monoclones secreted antibody to C. trachomatis. The antibody titer of ascitic fluid that collected from same BALB/c mice bearing hybridoma cells was above 1:100,000. These monoclonal antibodies that were IgG reacted with elementary and reticulate bodies of all serotypes(Ba, D, E, F, G, H, J and LGV type-I) using ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence stain, but there were no cross reaction with other bacteria(coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Proteus and E. coli). We concluded these six monoclones secreted the same monoclonal antibody to C. trachomatis. The sensitivity and specificity of the monoclonal antibody compared with Microtrak(confirmatory test of C. trachomatis, Syva) was 100%, respectively.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.15-36
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide for the useful fundamental data by developing an appearl sizing system according to body types for Chinese adult female. Thus, it was to improve of fittness and coverage rate of exporting domestic clothing to China. As a sample, 1360 female women was seleted aged between 19 and 50 who resident in Beijing and Shanghai in China for characterization body types and development of apparel sizing system by classifying them. As for the method of this study was made of 111 items by indirect measures done during Jun. 23 $\sim$ Aug. 7, 2004. Data analysis were processed by SPSS WIN 10.0 Program was used to for technical statistical analysis, ANOVA(t-test and F-test), factor analysis, duncan's multiple test. The results from the study were as follows: As they are getting older, the horizontal size and length categories related to width, thickness, and circumference increased, and the height and vertical size that show the vertical size of body reduced. 1. The women in the Shanghai area had large head width, head thickness and head circumference, the categories related to the height and head, and the women in the Beijing area had larger in terms of width, circumference, length, angle and other categories. 2. Chinese Adult women's constitutional components determined by factor analysis, six components could be identified: factor 1 : constitutional obesty and width size, factor 2 : longistudinal body size, factor 3 : shoulder form and size, factor 4 : longistudinal upper body size, factor 5 : longistudinal under body size, factor 6 : shoulder dropping.