• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.56-71
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• 1980

To study the changes of vegetational composition of each plant successional stage of Pinus densiflora forest caused by pine gall midge damage, Thecodiplosis japonensis, located in Kyonggi-do area, the middle part of Korea, four districts, Anseong, Yongin, Gwangju, and Gapyeong, were selected according to the length of insect damage duration. The forest in the Anseong district was the noninfested one selected as the check. And forests in Yongin, Gwangju, and Gapyeong were the recent]y damaged, severely damaged, and damage prolonged ones in sequence. It was considered that this order could be in concord with the gradual transition of plant successional stage. In view of temperature, precipitation and soil factors, these four districts were sited within the same environment. Four survey plots were selected from each district and the distance between them was 3~4 km. Then again four subplots were set within a plot. Through needle accumulation after insect infestation, light intensity, soil moisture content, and the amount of soil organic matter were increased and these conditions could create a favorable environment enabling the new species invasion and their growth. These were naturally closely related with the increase in quantity of Pinus densiflora defoliation. After considerable time lapse, the quantities of above mentioned factors decreased with the development of the new substitute tree species. It was found that Quercus mongolica was an excellently substitute tree species come first in this studied area. Species diversity increased to a degree at the early stage of the duration of pine gall midge damage and decreased thereafter. As the same manner, similarity index value between plots in the same district decreased to a degree and increased thereafter. This was linked admittedly with the increase and decrease of tree species and evenness. Synthesizing above mentioned results, the process of plant succession studied quantitatively by changes of relative density and relative importance value, it can be concluded that Pinus densiflora forest gives way to Genus Quercus forest in which Genus Lespedeza and Genus Rhododendron species become as subdominance species after removal of the Pinus densiflora trees damaged by pine gall midge.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2018

The recent global climate change induced the drought, flooding, and insect pest outbreaks. These caused the severe damage to crop yield in the domesticated field and occurrence change of insect pest species. The sap-sucking insect pest, aphids are common in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cause serious yield losses. Thus, developing resistance cultivars is promising and efficient strategy to prevent the significant yield losses by aphid and screening germplasm is the essential procedure to achieve this goal. We tried to establish a resistance test indicator for foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), in soybean and found that plant damage degree or infested plant damage is most suitable one. Also we screened around 1,200 of soybean germplasm including wild and cultivated species for its resistance to foxglove aphid from the various origins, and 67 soybeans, including PI 366121, showed antixenosis resistance, 31 germplasms among 67 antixenosis germplasms were showed antibiosis to foxglove aphid with non-choice test. The identified foxglove aphid resistant soybean resources showed significantly low rate in survival test. Furthermore, resistance type, (i.e., antibiosis or antixenosis) of each candidate were varied. In this research, we established the screening index for foxglove aphid resistance in soybean, and identified the resistance varieties. This result could be useful resources in breeding for new foxglove aphid resistance soybean cultivars, and provide fundamental information to investigate the resistance mechanism in soybean.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.104-115
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• 2015

This study investigated the quality of muffins prepared with various concentrations of mealworm. Samples of muffins were prepared with the addition of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% mealworm powder to the flour of basic formulation. The weight of muffins decreased as the concentration of the mealworm powder increased. The height indices of muffins containing mealworm powder were higher than that of the control. The volume index of the MW2(2%) muffin was the highest. The pH of muffins containing mealworm powder was higher than that of the control, although moisture content lower. Lightness and yellowness decreased with an increase in the mealworm powder concentration, but redness increased. No significant difference in hardness was found from increased powder concentration. The total polyphenol content and antioxidative activity measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of muffins significantly increased as the concentration of the mealworm powder increased. Muffins containing 1~8% mealworm powder had acceptable sensory properties, such as flavor, taste, and overall acceptability. The results of this study suggest that mealworm powder is a good ingredient for consumer acceptability and functionality of muffins.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2015

Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a commercial silk producing forest insect of India, but it has never been experimented in Uttarakhand state in spite of the huge availability of its forestry host plants. This is the first study on A. mylitta in Uttarakhand. The goal of this study is to introduce forest based commercial rearing of A. mylitta, in tropical forest areas of Uttarakhand to reduce poverty among forest dependent people. In current study, we assessed the effect of seven forest tree species, rearing seasons, and their interactions on cocoon productivity of Daba (bivoltine) ecorace of A. mylitta in the New Forest of FRI, Dehra Dun during 2012 and 2013 and collected the data that was analysed by two-way completely randomized block factorial design. Post HOC Tukey's HSD test was carried out to compare the homogeneous pairs of means. We also carried out Evaluation Index analysis to rank the tested forestry host plants for better growth and development of A. mylitta under the climatic condition of Uttarakhand. Analysis of variance indicated that cocoon yield of A. mylitta differed significantly between rearing seasons (DF=1, F=88.24, p<0.05) and host plants (DF 6, F= 368.63, p<0.05); however, their interactions were found insignificant (DF=6, F=0.99, p>0.05). In first rearing season of July-August, there was higher cocoon yield than the second season of September-November. Results indicated that Terminalia alata fed larvae showed significantly higher cocoon yield (164.11 cocoons/300 larvae); followed by, T. tomentosa (148.89 cocoons), T. arjuna (140.00 cocoons) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (129.47 cocoons) fed larvae. Whereas, Lagerstroemia tomentosa fed larvae that was used by the first time in India, showed lowest cocoon yield (48.81 cocoons), followed by T. chebula (72.53 cocoons) fed larvae. Cocoon yield of T. tomentosa and T. arjuna fed larvae of A. mylitta did not differ significantly with each other.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic agricultural materials, chitosan and wood vinegar, on the growth and yield of red pepper and soil microflora. In the chitosan treatments, the density of actinomycetes in soils increased, while the density of fungi decreased. Compared with the conventional cultivation, the stem diameter of red pepper was greater in the chitosan or wood vinegar experimental plots at 50 days after transplanting, though there was no difference in chlorophyll content among treatments. The incidence of disease and insect was higher in the treatments of organic agricultural materials than the conventional cultivation, regardless of application frequency. Contents of cations such as Ca and K in leaves and fruits increased by chitosan treatment. In all experimental plots, fruit yield decreased because of diseases and insects. But in chitosan treatment plot with 10 times of application, characteristics of fruits were superior to others and the yield index of red pepper was the highest as 92.4% as compared to the conventional cultivation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2015

In order to identify the post-fire changes of ant assemblages after a forest fire, ants were surveyed at three survey sites (artificial reforestation site, natural reforestation site, and unburned forest site) in a burned forest area for eight years from 2005 using pitfall traps. 24 species were collected, and Nylanderia flavipes was the most abundant. Ant species preferring forest habitats (e.g. Aphaenogaster japonica. Lasius spathepus, and Plagiolepis flavescens) more occurred at the unburned forest site and the natural reforestation site, whereas ant species preferring open habitat (e.g., Formica japonica, Camponotus japonicus, and Tetramorium caespitum) more occurred at the artificial reforestation site. Ordination analysis indicated that ant communities of the artificial reforestation site were more changed compared with those of the natural reforestation site after the fire. The communities of the natural reforestation site were restored to the pre-fire state in five to six years after fire, whereas those of the artificial forest site seemed to take about 25 years to restore.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.400-411
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• 2018

This study was a survey of the Wonju stream in Wonju city from May 2015 to September 2016. A total of three sites were selected from the upstream area Gwanseol-dong to the downstream area Hojeo-myeon. Physicochemical analysis, aquatic insect changes, cluster analysis, functional group analysis, rarefaction curve, and statistical analysis were compared between 2004 and 2016. A total of 19 species (38.78%) in 2004 and 22 species (36.67%) in 2016 were analyzed, with the largest number belonging to ephemeroptera. The individual ratio ranged from 27,759.2 (ind. $m^{-2}$, 84.30%) in 2004 to 4,573.2 (ind. $m^{-2}$, 41.64%) in 2016, with the highest number involving diptera. As a result of the community analysis, significant differences were detected in the indices of dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness in 2004 and 2016 (p<0.05). Burrowers of the habitat orientation groups showed the greatest variation with an average of -68.00% (${\pm}2.15$) and the collector-gatherers of the functional feeding groups showed the highest variation of -40.12% (${\pm}1.77$). The rarefaction curve analysis suggested that the species was the poorest in the midstream regions in 2004 and 2016. Physical factors and water quality showed a significant correlation with diversity index, evenness index, and the number of individuals. MDS analysis of the similarity of upstream and downstream regions was high in 2004, and low in 2016. The differences were attributed to physicochemical changes such as increase in flow velocity due to improvement of small dams and changes in bottom structure.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

A biological assessment of water quality was carried out in Unmunsan County Park from November 2007 to September 2008. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 140 species, 106 genera, 61 families, 13 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. The dominant species in all the survey areas was Goerodes KUa of Trichoptera. The dominance index(DI) showed the highest as 0.553 at site 2 and the lowest as 0.354 at site 7. The species diversity index(H') showed the highest as 2.18 at site 7 and the lowest as 1.75 at site 2. Ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate(ESB) showed the highest as 85 at site 4 and site 7 and the lowest as 51 at site 5. As a result, the areas 4 and 7 needed to be designated as the highest protection area, and the area 5 as the protection area. Besides, the water quality, based on the ecological indicators of benthic macroinvertebrate community, turned out to be oligosaprobic in the whole survey areas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.472-478
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• 2017

The feeding habits of Coreoperca herzi were investigated from specimens collected in the Geum River, from March to December 2016. The specimens were separated into groups of 38~70 mm, 71~109 mm, and over 110 mm in total length. The live foods of C. herzi included Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, and fishes. The Korean aucha perches fed mostly on aquatic insects which took up 98.8% of food regarding the number, 55.8% regarding the biomass, and 97.1% in terms of iregarding the index of relative importance. They were carnivorous in diet and predators (stalker) in food intake characteristics and forms when applying Keenleyside's classification. The main food sources of C. herzi were Ephemeroptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera while Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, and fishes were rare. A food migration was observed since less Ephemeroptera was found and more Trichoptera and fishes were found in the biomass of the feed consumed by larger species. The amount of Coleoptera and Diptera did not change much with the size of the species. The overall composition of live food was not seasonal. The result of the study indicates that, when restoring the streams to be the habitat for the natural population increase of Coreoperca herzi, the environment should be inhabitable to Ephemeroptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera which are the main foods.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.544-551
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• 2020

Background: Previous studies have shown the insecticidal efficacy of ginsenosides. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanism related to the inhibitory effect of panaxadiol saponins (PDSs) against the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee). Methods: Third instar larvae of O. furnacalis were fed normal diets with different concentrations of PDSs for 4 days. The consumption index, relative growth rate, approximate digestibility, and conversion of ingested and digested food were recorded. A targeted gas chromatographye-mass spectrometry assay was performed to detect the profiles of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates in larvae of O. furnacalis. In addition, the activity of detoxification-related enzymes was determined. Results and Conclusions: PDSs decreased the consumption index, relative growth rate, approximate digestibility, and conversion of ingested and digested food in the 3rd instar larvae of O. furnacalis in a dose-dependent manner. PDSs decreased 15 free amino acids, 16 free fatty acids, and 5 carbohydrates and increased the levels of palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and 9-octadecenoic acid in the 3rd instar larvae. The activity of detoxification-related enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase, trehalase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the 3rd instar larvae exposed to PDSs. These data confirmed the inhibitory effect of PDSs against growth, food utilization, and detoxification in the 3rd instar larvae of O. furnacalis and the potential for using PDSs as an efficient tool for insect pest management for O. furnacalis larvae.