• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.5-11
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to construct a turnover estimation model by investigating research by Park et al. (2006) on the market area of domestic distribution. The study investigated distribution by using a new tool for the turnover estimation technique. This study developed and discussed the turnover estimation technique of Park et al. (2006), applying it to a large-scale retailer in "D"city that was suitable for on-the-spot distribution. It constructed the new model in accordance with test procedures keeping to this retail business location, to apply its procedures to a specific situation and improve the turn over estimation process. Further, it investigated the analysis and procedures of existing turnover estimation cases to provide problems and alternatives for turnover estimation for a large-scale retailer in "D"city. Finally, it also discussed problems and scope for further research. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted on the basis of "virtue" studies. In other words, it took into account the special quality of the structure of Korea's trade zones. The researcher sought to verify a sale estimate model for use in a distribution industry's location. The main purpose was to enable the sale estimate model (that is, the individual model's presentation) to be practically used in real situations in Korea by supplementing processes and variables. Results - The sale estimate model is constructed, first, by conducting a data survey of the general trading area. Second, staying within the city's census of company operating areas, the city's total consumption expenditure is derived by applying the large-scale store index. Third, the probability of shopping is investigated. Fourth, the scale of sales is estimated using the process of singularity. The correct details need to be verified for the model construction and the new model will need to be a distinct sale estimate model, with this being a special quality for business conditions. This will need to be a subsequent research task. Conclusions - The study investigated, tested, and supplemented the turnover estimation model of Park et al. (2006) in a market area in South Korea. Supplementation of some procedures and variables could provide a turnover estimation model in South Korea that would be an independent model. The turnover estimation model is applied, first, by undertaking an investigation of the market area. Second, a census of the intercity market area is carried out to estimate the total consumption of the specific city. Consumption is estimated by applying indexes of large-scale retailers. Third, an investigation is undertaken on the probability of shopping. Fourth, the scale of turnover is estimated. Further studies should investigate each department as well as direct and indirect variables. The turnover estimation model should be tested to construct new models depending on the type of region and business. In-depth and careful discussion by researchers is also needed. An upgraded turnover estimation model could be developed for Korea's on-the-spot distribution.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2018

Purpose - In this study, we discuss the current status and barriers of digital transformation focused on small businesses. More specifically, this study consists of two studies. The purpose of study 1 is to investigate the effect of digitization of small businesses on the sales of stores and the number of visiting customers. The purpose of Study 2 is to examine the status and obstacles of online channels use by small businesses. Research design, data, and methodology - In Study 1, we will examine the changes in sales and visitor numbers of stores that are rapidly adapting to digital transformation among small business. For this, we utilize the actual situation of store management survey conducted by the Small Enterprise and Market Service. Specifically, multiple regression equations were used to determine whether blogs and online shopping malls were operating, and the proportion of credit cards to sales as independent variables and sales and number of visiting customers as dependent variables. Next, in Study 2, we surveyed the 15 small business owners in the latest survey on the actual situation of store management survey conducted in 2015, and conducted an in-depth interview to examine the barriers to the use of online channels by small business. Results - As a result of study 1, it is found that the small business who run the blogs have higher sales and visits than the small business who do not. However, there is no difference in the sales and the number of visiting customers between the stores that operate the online shopping malls and those that do not. Second, the higher the proportion of credit cards, the higher the sales and the number of visiting customers. In study 2, we analyzed the barriers to the expansion of online channels by in-depth interviews. Interviews show that barriers to access to online channels are limited by search neutrality, high commission burden, and low bargaining power. These problems are caused by the insufficiency of small business compared to online and mobile portal and O2O platform vendors. Conclusions - This study suggests that small business who have difficulty in establishing direct online channels need digital transformation of small business. In addition, when using such an external platform, we have identified the problems that small business face.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.553-561
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an immersive virtual reality-based simulation learning program(IVR-SLP) on the communication competence and learning attitude of students with intellectual disabilities. To do this, 23 participants with intellectual disabilities were selected from 2 special schools. 11 students were placed in an experimental group and 12 students in a control group. An IVR-SLP, focusing on possible situations in a convenience store, was implemented within the experimental group and a traditional intervention program was implemented within the control group. The programs were conducted 5 times per week for 4 weeks and each session lasted approximately 40 minutes. Evaluations were carried out by using a pre- and post- test, and the results of the evaluation were analyzed using the independent t-test. The results of this study indicated that the communication competence of the experimental group showed greater improvement than that of the control group. In addition, the learning attitude of the experimental group became more positive than that of the control group. This implies that the immersive virtual reality-based simulation learning program can be a very effective tool for teaching language and communication skills to students with intellectual disabilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.118-127
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between satisfaction, behavioral intention and recommended intention of luxury consumers identified in the preceding study as reasons for the explosive growth in the Korean imported car market. Research results found that brand quality, fashion, self-display, and store atmosphere had positive effects on satisfaction, while independent variables influenced behavioral intention. However, it was found that the store atmosphere did not affect satisfaction. Satisfaction expressed a strong positive effect on behavioral intention. In addition, behavioral intention was shown to positively affect recommendation intention. These results imply that consumers are significantly influenced by psychological factors when purchasing imported cars, and that consumers value psychological factors even when resold or recommended to others. The theoretical implications of the study are the empirical analysis of the consumption factors of imported cars using the existing Luxury consumption factors. The practical implications are to provide the importers with a basis for their marketing strategy. Although there are many studies on quality and service in import car markets, there is a lack of research on relevant psychological factors.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.17-21
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the differential mechnism of vasodilation of alcohol steamed Rhei Tangutici Radix et Rhizoma. (ART) and Rhei Tangutici Radix et Rhizoma. (RT) in rat thoracic aorta. Methods : Rat aortic ring preparations were mounted in organ baths with oxygenated (95% $O_2$-5% $CO_2$) Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solutions at $37{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and subjected to contractions or relaxations. Results : ART exerted vasorelaxation on phenylephrine(PE)-induced contraction in a dose dependent manner. Vasorelaxation effects of ART and RT were endothelium-independent. In the $Ca^{2+}$-free high KCl (60 mM) baths, the contraction of aortic rings induced by accumulative addition of $Ca^{2+}$ (0.3-10.0 mM) was significantly reduced by pre-treatment with both ART and RT for 10 min. The magnitude of vasodilatation was biggerin ART. Moreover, verapamil ($0.001{\mu}M$) and diltiazem ($10{\mu}M$), voltage operative $Ca^{2+}$channel blockers, attenuated the relaxation effect of ART but not that of RT. In the absence of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$, pre-incubation of the aortic rings with RT ($1.0mg/m{\ell}$) significantly reduced the contraction caused by PE but not that of ART. $K^+$ channel inhibitors such as glibenclamide (Gli, $10^{-5}M$), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 0.2 mM) significantly reduced the ART's vasorelaxation efficacy, but not that of RT. However, the relaxation effects of ART and RT were not inhibited by pre-treatment with indomethacin ($10^{-5}M$), and atropine ($10^{-6}M$). Conclusions : These results suggest that the endothelium-independent relaxation is due to inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ influx via the suppression of $Ca^{2+}$ release from intracelluar store in RT but via both voltage operative $Ca^{2+}$channel blockage and $K^+$ channel activation in ART.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

While the broadband network and multimedia technology are being developed, the commercial market of digital contents as well as using IPTV has been widely spreading. In this background, Time-Shift system is developed for requirement of multimedia. This system is independent of Time but is not independent of Place and Occasion. For solving these problems, in this paper, we propose the TPO(Time, Place, Occasion)-Shift system for mobile multimedia devices. The profile that can be applied to the mobile multimedia devices is much different from that of the setter-box. And general mobile multimedia devices could not have such large memories that is for multimedia data. So it is important to continuously store and manage those multimedia data in limited capacity with mobile device's profile. Therefore we compose the basket in a way using defined time unit and manage these baskets for effective buffer management. In addition. since the file name of basket is made up to include a basket's time information, we can make use of this time information as DTS(Decoding Time Stamp). When some multimedia content is converted to be available for portable multimedia devices, we are able to compose new formatted contents using such DTS information. Using basket based buffer systems, we can compose the contents by real time in mobile multimedia devices and save some memory. In order to see the system's real-time operation and performance, we implemented the proposed TPO-Shift system on the basis of mobile device, MS340. And setter-box are desisted by using directshow player under Windows Vista environment. As a result, we can find the usefulness and real-time operation of the proposed systems.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

XML(Extensible Markup Language) is an emerging standard for data representation and exchange in e-commerce and internet-based information. However, to realize this potential, it is necessary to be able to extract structured data from XML documents and store it in a database, as well as to generate XML documents from data extracted from a database. Although many DBMS vendors are scrambling to extend their products to handle XML, there is a need for a lightweight, DBMS and platform-independent XML middleware as well. In this paper we describe such a XML2RDB middleware, that solves the following problems . generating relational schema from XML DTDs for storage of XML documents, importing data from XML documents into relational tables, creating XML documents according to a XMLQL(XML Query Language) from data extracted from a database.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.183-201
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• 2005

The lowest price guarantee policy or price-matching guarantee is the pricing policy that promises to compensate more than the price difference if a consumer finds a lower price for the identical model he or she purchased and submits a certain proof. Most of Korean large discount stores emphasize their competitive price level by adopting the lowest price guarantee policy so that the entire Korean distribution industry is deeply influenced by the policy. The article is the study regarding the effects of the lowest price guarantee policy in Korean unique industry environments. The study investigated the effects of the policy on consumers' preferences of stores. By using the conjoint measurement model, it identified the main effects and interaction effects between the policy and other independent variables. The results showed the significant effects of the policy on consumers' preference of stores and identified the interaction effects between the distance from the residence and the policy, and between overall store price level and the policy.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2003

PACS mostly has been used in large scaled hospital due to expensive initial cost to set up the system. The network of PACS is independent of the others: network. The user's PC has to be connected physically to the network of PACS as well as the image viewer has to be installed. The web based mini-PACS can store, manage and search inexpensively a large quantity of radiologic image acquired in a hospital. The certificated user can search and diagnose the radiologic image using web browser anywhere Internet connected. The implemented Image viewer is a viewer to diagnose the radiologic image. Which support the DICOM standard and was implemented to use JAVA programming technology. The JAVA program language is cross-platform which makes easier upgrade the system than others. The image filter was added to the viewer so as to diagnose the radiologic image in detail. In order to access to the database, the user activates his web browser to specify the URL of the web based PACS. Thus, The invoked PERL script generates an HTML file, which displays a query form with two fields: Patient name and Patient ID. The user fills out the form and submits his request via the PERL script that enters the search into the relational database to determine the patient who is corresponding to the input criteria. The user selects a patient and obtains a display list of the patient's personal study and images.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2010

Due to the widespread smartphones and application stores, mobile application developments are now booming again in the same manner of PC history. The smartphone software development process, however, gives much inconvenience to developers because of the heterogeneous platform APIs and hardware incompatibility between different devices. To make clear these problems, mobile web applications are being accepted as an alternative to the native smartphone applications. Mobile web applications can be developed more simply and easily than native applications by using webkit engine's html, Java script, and CSS. Additionally developers can provide a platform-independent applications since web applications are going to run on web browsers. In this paper, we develop a personal applications store running on an android phone's browsers. We can accomplish this very simply by using webkit's various APIs such as OpenID. We can find out by implementing a real web application that development of web applications can surpass the native one in cost and time period without much loss of performance.