• Title/Summary/Keyword: independent object

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The Effect of Women's Hair Style and Hair Color on Impression Formation (여성의 헤어 스타일과 헤어 컬러가 인상 형성에 미치는 영향)

  • Song, Won-Young;Lee, Myoung-Hee
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.945-955
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hair style and hair color on women's impression formation. The experimental design was $2{\times}3{\times}3$ (hair wave$\times$hair length$\times$hair color) factorial design by 3 independent variables. Subjects were 343 women in Seoul. Four factors were derived to account for the dimensions of impression formation. These were neatness, sociability, attractiveness, and femininity. The straight hairs were evaluated neater than the permed hairs, and the permed hairs were evaluated higher in sociability and attractiveness. The short hairs were perceived highest in sociability, and the long hairs were perceived high in attractiveness and femininity. The black hairs were perceived highest in neatness, the bright brown were perceived high in sociability and attractiveness, and dark brown were perceived high in femininity. Attractiveness had significant interaction effects depending on three independent variables: hair wave, lengths, and colors. Long black straight hair was perceived most attractive, and midium length black straight hair was least attractive. The light brown permed hairs were perceived high in attractiveness regardless of hair length. In the case of straight hair, the longer the hair length was, the younger the object women were perceived. The women with the long permed hair were perceived older than the women with short and midium length permed hair.

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The effect of syntatic and pragmatic Constraints on Sentential Representaition and Memory Accessibility (통사적 제약과 화용적 제약이 문장의 표상과 기억접근에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Sung-Il;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.97-116
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to investigate how syntaction and pragmatic constraints influence the sentential representation and memory accessibility. In order to seperate the syntactic constraints from the pragmatic constraint from the pragmatic constraints,the syntactic role of constituent in the sentence (subject or object) and the order of mention(first or second) were manipulted.After each sentence was presented by RSVP procedure,the probe recognition time was measured to investigate memory accessibility.In Experiment 1,in which SOA interval was 255ms,it was found that the subject of a sentece were more accessible than the object and participants first in a sentence were more accessible than participants mentioned later.However, in Experiment 2,in which SOA interval was 1540ms,it was found that participants mentioned first in a sentence were more accessible than participants mentioned later while there was no significant difference between the subject and object of a sentece.These results suggest that the syntactic and pragmatic constraints have an independent effect on the initial senential representation at the early stage of constructing representation,but as time passes only the pragmatic constraints influence sentential representation.These results also support a theoretical position which assumes that sentential representation is constructed through the process of convergent statisfaction of multiple constraints.

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Mechanical Performance Evaluation of Cement Paste with Foaming Agent using FEM Analysis Based on Picture Image (화상 이미지 기반 FEM 해석을 이용한 기포제 혼입 시멘트 페이스트의 역학 성능 평가)

  • Kim, Bo-Seok;Shin, Jun-Ho;Lee, Han-Seung
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2016
  • Concrete is a representative heterogeneous material and mechanical properties of concrete are influenced by various factors. Due to the fact that pores in concrete affect determining compressive strength of concrete, studies which deal with distribution and magnitudes of pores are very important. That way, studies using picture imaging have been emerged. Studies on mechanical performance evaluation of structural lightweight foamed concrete and FEM analysis based on picture image are inadequate because lightweight foamed concrete has been researched for only non-structural. Therefore, in this study, cement paste with foaming agent to evaluate mechanical performance is made, FEM analysis with picture image is conducted and young's modulus of experiment and analysis are compared. In this study, dosage of foaming agent is determined 7 level to check pore distribution and water-binder ratio is determined 20% to progress research about structural light weight foamed concrete. Weight of unit volume is minimum at 0.8% of foaming agent dosage. However, weight of unit volume is increased over 0.8% of foaming agent dosage because of interconnection with independent pores. For FEM analysis, cement paste is photographed to use image analyzer(HF-MA C01). Consequently, the fact that Young's Modulus of experiment and FEM analysis are same is drawn by using OOF(Object Oriented Finite elements).

MPEG-H 3D Audio Decoder Structure and Complexity Analysis (MPEG-H 3D 오디오 표준 복호화기 구조 및 연산량 분석)

  • Moon, Hyeongi;Park, Young-cheol;Lee, Yong Ju;Whang, Young-soo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.432-443
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    • 2017
  • The primary goal of the MPEG-H 3D Audio standard is to provide immersive audio environments for high-resolution broadcasting services such as UHDTV. This standard incorporates a wide range of technologies such as encoding/decoding technology for multi-channel/object/scene-based signal, rendering technology for providing 3D audio in various playback environments, and post-processing technology. The reference software decoder of this standard is a structure combining several modules and can operate in various modes. Each module is composed of independent executable files and executed sequentially, real time decoding is impossible. In this paper, we make DLL library of the core decoder, format converter, object renderer, and binaural renderer of the standard and integrate them to enable frame-based decoding. In addition, by measuring the computation complexity of each mode of the MPEG-H 3D-Audio decoder, this paper also provides a reference for selecting the appropriate decoding mode for various hardware platforms. As a result of the computational complexity measurement, the low complexity profiles included in Korean broadcasting standard has a computation complexity of 2.8 times to 12.4 times that of the QMF synthesis operation in case of rendering as a channel signals, and it has a computation complexity of 4.1 times to 15.3 times of the QMF synthesis operation in case of rendering as a binaural signals.

Human Tracking Technology using Convolutional Neural Network in Visual Surveillance (서베일런스에서 회선 신경망 기술을 이용한 사람 추적 기법)

  • Kang, Sung-Kwan;Chun, Sang-Hun
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.173-181
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, we have studied tracking as a training stage of considering the position and the scale of a person given its previous position, scale, as well as next and forward image fraction. Unlike other learning methods, CNN is thereby learning combines both time and spatial features from the image for the two consecutive frames. We introduce multiple path ways in CNN to better fuse local and global information. A creative shift-variant CNN architecture is designed so as to alleviate the drift problem when the distracting objects are similar to the target in cluttered environment. Furthermore, we employ CNNs to estimate the scale through the accurate localization of some key points. These techniques are object-independent so that the proposed method can be applied to track other types of object. The capability of the tracker of handling complex situations is demonstrated in many testing sequences. The accuracy of the SVM classifier using the features learnt by the CNN is equivalent to the accuracy of the CNN. This fact confirms the importance of automatically optimized features. However, the computation time for the classification of a person using the convolutional neural network classifier is less than approximately 1/40 of the SVM computation time, regardless of the type of the used features.

Estimation of fruit number of apple tree based on YOLOv5 and regression model (YOLOv5 및 다항 회귀 모델을 활용한 사과나무의 착과량 예측 방법)

  • Hee-Jin Gwak;Yunju Jeong;Ik-Jo Chun;Cheol-Hee Lee
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.150-157
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    • 2024
  • In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for predicting the number of apples on an apple tree using a deep learning-based object detection model and a polynomial regression model. Measuring the number of apples on an apple tree can be used to predict apple yield and to assess losses for determining agricultural disaster insurance payouts. To measure apple fruit load, we photographed the front and back sides of apple trees. We manually labeled the apples in the captured images to construct a dataset, which was then used to train a one-stage object detection CNN model. However, when apples on an apple tree are obscured by leaves, branches, or other parts of the tree, they may not be captured in images. Consequently, it becomes difficult for image recognition-based deep learning models to detect or infer the presence of these apples. To address this issue, we propose a two-stage inference process. In the first stage, we utilize an image-based deep learning model to count the number of apples in photos taken from both sides of the apple tree. In the second stage, we conduct a polynomial regression analysis, using the total apple count from the deep learning model as the independent variable, and the actual number of apples manually counted during an on-site visit to the orchard as the dependent variable. The performance evaluation of the two-stage inference system proposed in this paper showed an average accuracy of 90.98% in counting the number of apples on each apple tree. Therefore, the proposed method can significantly reduce the time and cost associated with manually counting apples. Furthermore, this approach has the potential to be widely adopted as a new foundational technology for fruit load estimation in related fields using deep learning.

A Study of the Sulmunhaejaikjing ("설문 해자익징" 연구)

  • Kim Soon-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.69-88
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    • 1996
  • This dissertation evaluate3 the Sulmunhaejaikjing, published in 1912, by Sun-Soo Park, an ideographic scholar of the late on Korean Chosun Dynasty. This study first explores the compilation, structure andmethodology of the Chinese written characters in Sulmunhaejaikjing. Second, it studies the Sulmunhaejaikjing's distinctive features by means of a comparison with some works of Sulmunhak of the Chung Period in China. Since the motivation of writing of his work was to correct the errors of Sulmunhaeja, Sun-Soo Park attempted several independent interpretations. The interpretive stucture of Sulmunhaejaikjing exactly follows the 14 Books and 540 Parts of Sulmunhaeja, but Park's work differs in interpretation methodology and content Huh Shin made Sojun characters the subject of the investigation, Sun-Soo Park corrected Huh Shin's errors by making the Pre-Sojun older Chinese characters the object of his investigation. Sulmunhaejaju by Tan Ok-Jae, the most distinguished work of spoken literature in the Chung period, adopted Huh Shin's interpretation and added notes, sothat. Tan Ok-Jae, like Huh Shit did not take into account the Pre-Sojun old Chinese character. Therefore, Sun-Soo Park's interpretation greatly differ from Tan Ok-Jae's. Among the scholars of Sulmunhak in the Chung Dynasty, it is Oh Dae-Jing, the writer of Sulmunhaejubo, that accomplished the most noticeable achievement in Sulmunhaeja, Oh Dae-Jing aimed to collect all the Chinese characters which were confirmable in the interpretation of Sulmunhaeja. This, Oh Dae-Jing in a nut neglected the independent interpretation of characters. Sun Soo Park however, demonstrated a pregressive character in basing his independent interpretation upon reliable resesources, even though he offered fewer character in number than did Oh Dae-Jing.

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OPTIMUM ALLOCATION OF PORT LABOR GANGS IN CASE OF MULTIPLE SHIPS (항만하역노동력의 최적배분에 관한 연구 (II) 선박군의 경우)

  • 이철영;우병구
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 1989
  • Recently recognize the labor productivity of port physical distribution system in the port and shipping areas, Much Efforts for evaluating this productivity has been made continuously. BUt still there is little study, so far, on a systematic research for the management of port labor gangs, and even those were mainly depended on a rule of thumb. Especially the object of this study is to introduce the method of optimal allocation and assignment for the labor gangs per pier unit in the multiple ships berthed at an arbitary pier or port. In case the multiple ships have a homogeneous cargoes or do not have sufficient labor gangs to be assigned. The problem of optimal allocation and assignment of the labor gangs to be i) formalized with multi-state decision process in form of difference equation as the pattern which converted the independent multiple ships into a single ship with the intra-multiple ships, and ii) the optimal size of labor gangs could be obtained through the simple mathematical method instead of complicated dynamic programming, and iii) In case of shortage of labor gangs available the evaluation function considering the labor gangs available and total shift times was introduced, and iv) the optimal allocation and assignment of labor gangs was dealt at the point of minimizing the summation of the total shift times and at the point of minimizing the total cost charged for the extra waiting time except PHI time during port times for the multiple ships combinations.

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Removal Efficiency of PM10 & $CO_2$ in Subway Mock-up Cabin (지하철 목업차량내 객실 공기정화장치의 미세먼지(PM10) 및 $CO_2$ 저감성능평가)

  • Kwon, Soon-Bark;Park, Duck-Shin;Cho, Young-Min;Kim, Jong-Bum;Cho, Goan-Hyun;Nam, Goong-Seok;Lee, Joo-Yeol;Kim, Tae-Sung
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.613-618
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    • 2011
  • More than 7 million persons use Seoul Metropolitan Subways (SMS) everyday and the number has been in increasing trend. With the increasing trend of concerns on indoor air quality(IAQ), the management of IAQ has become an important issue, especially in case of subway operators, because most of subway lines are placed underground with poor ventilation condition. The ultimate object of study develop independent cleaning device that reduce efficient fine particle and $CO_2$. Urban subway has characteristics about proper clean air flow, must be installed in narrow space and maintenance cycle has enough time. Two layered electrically pre-charged filters were used for removing particulate matters and gas absorbers are packed between two layer filters for removing gases pollutants such $CO_2$, VOCs and HCHO. Urban subway has characteristics about proper clean air flow, must be installed in narrow space and maintenance cycle has enough time. SCAP prototype is producted as all in one method which decrease fine dust, $CO_2$ and noxious gas. and basic test carry out with quantity of wind, a gap of pressure, sampling efficiency.

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The Effectiveness of IIM-based Science Writhing Lessson on Science Process Skills and Self-Directed Learning in Elementary Science-Gifted Students (IIM 기반 과학 글쓰기 수업이 초등과학영재의 과학 탐구 능력과 자기 주도적 학습능력에 미치는 효과)

  • Shin, Myeung-Ryeul;Lee, Yong-Seop
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.267-277
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of IIM-based science writhing lesson on the science process skills and self-directed learning in elementary science-gifted students. To verify research problems, the subjects of this study were forth-grade students selected from one classes of an elementary science-gifted class in Busan National Universty of education : the research group is composed of twenty students who were participated in IIM-based science writing lessons. During 12 weeks, the IIM-based science writing lessons was executed in the reasearch group. Post-test showed following results: First, the research group showed a significant improvement in the science process skill. We look into detailly this, the research group showed a significant improvement in the basis science skill. The sub-factor 'expectation' of the science process skill effects a significant improvement. Second, the research group showed a significant improvement in the self-directed learning. In conclusion, IIM-based science writing lesson was more effective on science process skill and self-directed learning. However, since the study has a limit on an object of the study and the applied program, the additional studies need to be conducted with an extended comparative group and program.