• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

Incubation routine and sex role of Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas at Sasudo Island, in Jeju, South Korea, were studied during the incubation period, June to August in 2002. Incubation routine in Procellariiformes represents a sequence of alternating shifts taken in turn by female and male in a species-specific pattern. Hence, coordination of individual incubation rhythms between partners is crucial for successful breeding attempt. In Streaked Shearwaters, incubation routine represents a sequence of alternating shifts taken in turn by male and female. The first incubation shift was made by male after female had laid the egg. The mean incubation period was 50.8 days until hatching. Males had spent on average 26.5 days incubating and females 24.3 days accordingly. The mean duration of incubation shifts decreased progressively from 6th and 7th shift to hatching. Overall, males had spent more time incubating than females during the incubation period, but the mean duration of the incubation shift 5.6 days for males and 5.7 days for females did not differ between males and females. There were no effect of the body size of the breeding pair on incubation performance. For males the mean of body weight decreased during the incubation, whereas for females it remained approximately stable. In Streaked Shearwaters, the duration of incubation shift and subsequent foraging trip are related to loss of body weight during the period of fasting. In addition, coordination of individual incubation rhythms affects their incubation behaviour.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2011

Objective: To evaluate sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation and chromatin structure after 18 hours' incubation at room temperature. Methods: Twenty-eight male partners who participating IVF treatment were prospectively included in this study. Ejaculated sperm count and motility were assessed. The sperm was then immediately processed by the conventional swim-up method. After utilization of some of the sample for routine clinical use, the remainder of each of the samples was divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was immediately assessed for sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay) and chromatin structure (toluidine blue [TB] staining). The other aliquot was incubated at room temperature for 18 hours and then assessed by two methods. Only dark-TB sperms were considered as having abnormal chromatin structure. Data before and after extended incubation were compared using a paired Student's $t$-test. Results: Before and after extended culture, nuclear DNA fragmentation assessed by TUNEL was $4.9{\pm}4.7%$ and $7.0{\pm}6.4%$, respectively ($p$=0.008). The proportion of abnormal chromatin structure (dark-TB sperm) was $8.2{\pm}5.6%$ and $10.3{\pm}6.5%$ ($p$ <0.001), before and after incubation, respectively. Conclusion: After 18 hours' incubation at room temperature, sperm nuclear DNA and chromatin structure were significantly affected. The IVF practitioner should bear this information in mind when performing delayed insemination, especially for $in$ $vitro$ maturation cycles.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.429-440
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• 2010

HS-SPME-GC/MS was studied and optimized for the determination of 17 orgarnophosphorous pesiticides (OPPs: chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, demeton-s-methyl, diazinon, dimethoate, EPN, fenitrothion, fenthion, malathion, methidathion, monocrotophos, parathion, phenthoate, phosphamidon, sulfotep, terbufos, triazophos) in blood. Optimum SPME parameters were selected: choice of SPME fiber (85 ${\mu}m$ polyacrylate), pH effect (0.5 N HCl), salt effect ($Na_2SO_4$, 0.2 g; 20%), headspace incubation temperature ($80^{\circ}C$), headspace incubation time (1 min), headspace adsorption time (30 min) and GC desorption time (2 min). These parameters were optimized using HS-SPME autosampler coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery in blood. The assay was linear over 0.5~5.0 mg/l ($r^2$=0.955~1.000). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in blood were determined 0.03~0.3 mg/l (S/N=3) and 0.1~1.1 mg/l (S/N=10), respectively. Relative recovery with 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/l (in blood) were 90.8%, 98.5% and 94.1%, respectively. This method will be applied to the determination of the orgarnophosphorous pesticides in postmortem blood. The proposed protocol can be an attractive alternative to be used in routine toxicological analysis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to establish optimal conditions for progesterone receptor assay using rat uterus, therby applying this system to understand action mechanism of progesterone in female reproductive organ and to evaluate physiological and pathological conditions in female reproduction. The results obtained were as follows 1. $^3H-R5020$ seemed to be more stable than 3H-progesterone as a ligand. 2. Optimal incubation time for ligand and receptor binding was 4-5 hrs at $4^{\circ}C$. 3. For the separation of bond and free ligand, optimal charcoal incubation time was 20 mins. 4. 2-3 mg cytosolic protein/ml was optimal for the binding of ligand. 5. Endogenous progesterone did not influence binding of ligand and receptor unless endogenous progesterone levels were extremely high as in case of pregnancy. 6. Dissociation rate for progesterone receptor was 1.22 nM. 7. $^3H-R5020$ did not bind to corticoid binding globulin (CBG), suggesting that addition of cortisol is saturate CBG was, not necessary as far as $^3H-R5020$ was used as a radioligand. It is, therefore, considered that this assay system established with these conditions might be used for the research as well as clinical routine purposes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2021

Since 1993, vivax malaria has been recognized as a public health burden in Korea. Despite of pan-governmental malaria-control efforts and the dramatic reduction in the burden of this disease over the last 10 years, vivax malaria has not been well controlled and has remained continuously endemic. We focused interviewed and examined the charts of 28 confirmed vivax malaria patients given malarial therapy for whom daily records were kept from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do of Korea. Various epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, including the incubation period, medication used, and recurrence, and an evaluation of the parasitic characteristics from the focused interviews of patients from this region are described here. Most of the participants indicated the 3 most common symptoms of malaria (headache, chills and fever). Of the 28 cases, 2 experienced a second attack and there were 17 and 11 cases with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively, yielding a short-term to long-term ratio of 1.5. Based on the parasitemia stages, most of the participants were tested at 5 to 7 days (11 cases) and 7 to 15 days (11 cases) after initial wave of asexual parasites. In conclusion, public health authorities should consider developing management measures to decrease the time lag for diagnosis and drafting unified and robust guidelines for drug use for malaria and drawing up unified and robust guidelines on the use of medication for malaria. It also suggests that routine monitoring, surveillance, and precise medical surveys in high-risk vivax malaria endemic areas are pivotal to controlling this persistent public disease and finally eliminating it from Korea.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2010

목적 : 요로감염은 가장 흔한 소아기의 세균감염증의 하나로 빠른 진단과 치료가 신장 합병증을 예방하기 위해 매우 중요하다. 저자들은 발열을 주소로 내원한 요로감염이 의심되는 24개월 이하의 신생아 및 영유아에서 Uricult Trio 검사의 간편 검사로서의 진단적 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 이 연구를 계획하였다. 방법: 2010년 1월부터 2010년 7월까지 한일병원, 경희의료원, 분당차병원 소아청소년과 외래에 발열을 주소로 내원한 24개월 이하의 환아 중 48시간 이내에 항생제 투여를 하지 않은 158명을 대상으로 하였으며 이중 검사를 위한 소변검체를 확보한 151례에서 Uricult Trio 검사와 소변배양검사를 동시에 실시하고 그 결과를 비교분석 하였다. 결과 : 대상 환아 중 요로감염으로 진단된 환아는 32명(21.2%)이었고 이 중 E. coli가 검출된 증례는 20례(66.7%)였다. Uricult Trio CLED 배지의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 59.4%, 84.8%였고 Uricult Trio E. coli 배지를 소변배양검사에서 E. coli가 동정된 증례를 비교한 결과는 민감도가 60%, 특이도가 96.2%였다. Uricult Trio CLED 배지검사와 소변배양검사간의 상관계수는 0.438 (P=0.01)이었으며 Uricult Trio E. coli 배지검사와 소변배양검사간의 상관계수는 0.617 (P=0.01)로 모두 통계학적으로 의미 있는 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: Uricult Trio 검사는 소아연령의 요로감염 원인균 중 가장 흔한 원인균인 E. coli를 빠른 시간 내에 동정할 수 있는 간편 검사법이다. 이번 연구 결과 이 검사방법은 기존의 세균배양검사와의 상관관계가 의미 있게 높으며 E. coli 에 의한 요로 감염시 특이도가 96.2%로 높아 요로감염이 의심되는 외래환자에서 질환을 배제하는데 도움이 되고 이로 인해 발열을 주소로 내원한 외래환아에서 불필요한 입원 및 항생제 사용을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대해본다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1973

The most commonly used methods for determining thyroxine binding globulin(TBG) concentration as the total thyroxine-binding capacity utilize electrophoretic seperation of serum. Although technically simple, the electrophoretic method is time consuming and is limited in the number of samples which can be run in a single assay. The author presented a single $T_4$ load ion exchange resin method as an approach to simplify the technique as with clinical practicability and results were analyzed. For construction of the standard curves, serum mixtures were diluted with barbital buffer.which effectively blocked $T_4$-binding to TBPA. For each serum dilution, a constant amount of $T_4-^{125}I$ and increments of unlabelled $T_4$ were added. After incubation in water bath, resin beads were dispensed to the samples which binded all $T_4$ not bound to TBG. The radioactivity in the supernatant was counted in the gamma scintillation counter. Each standard curve was plotted from the percent counts in the supernatant and total $T_4$ in each tube. Unknown samples were diluted to 1:40 and ran at a single $T_4$ loading concentration, and the TBG capacity of the samples was able to be read on the standard isobars. The following results were obtained. 1) Mean and standard deviation for TBG capacity in normal population was $28.6{\pm}5.09{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$. 2) $24.9{\pm}3.87{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$ in hyperthyroidism showed low TBG capacity comparing to normal population.(p<0.025) 3) $31.0{\pm}2.40{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$ in hypothyroidism showed high TBG capacity tendency comparing to normal population. 4) Reversed correlationship existed between TBG capacity and $T_3$ resin uptake(r=-0.624), TBG capacity and serum $T_4$ value (r=-0.859), and TBG capacity and free thyroxine index(r=-0.623). The author assumes that this method of assay is considerably simpler in instrumentation and technique than any other assays traditionally being used, and seems to be more practical for routine clinical laboratory use.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.257-263
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• 1999

It is well known that discard of seminal plasma from the semen and separation of motile sperm should be preceded before insemination for IUI or IVF. Till now, more than ten kinds of semen treatment methods have been developed. Of those, swim-up and Percoll methods have been used widely in ART laboratories as a routine semen treatment methods because of its advantages. However, there are reports that Percoll can make a genetic trouble because of its chemical structure and therefore the necessity has been arisen to substitute Percoll for other equivalent materials. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of three different sperm preparation methods (swim-up, Percoll and Sil-Select) on sperm motility, sperm recovery rate and fertilization rate. Also, the feasibility of using Sil-Select instead of Percoll in ART was evaluated. Each semen samples were divided into three fractions and motile sperm were recovered by swim-up, Percoll and Sil-Select gradient centrifugation methods. Normal and sub-normal criteria of fifteen semen samples and seventeen IVF cycles were included in these study. As results, no significant difference was found in sperm recovery rate in normal semen treated by a Swim-up, Percoll and Sil-Select method ($13.2{\times}10^6,\;17.5{\times}10^6\;and\;17.7{\times}10^6$ respectively). The initial sperm motility was 61.9% and this increased to 87.1%, 92.6% and 89.5% through Swim-up, Percoll and Sil-Select treatment, respectively. Higher motility was observed in Percoll and Sil-Select treated groups (81.5%, 79.2%, respectively) than swim-up group (66.8%) after incubation for 24hrs. In sub-normal group, sperm recovery rates were higher in Sil-Select group $(2.9{\times}10^6)$ than Percoll gradients group $(1.8{\times}10^6)$. In IVF cycles, the outcomes of fertilization using sperm treated by swim-up and Sil-Select group were similar (82.2%, 79.7% respectively). In conclusion, our results indicate that Sil-Select can be used as a substitute material for sperm preparation instead of Percoll.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2016

Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) 상태에 들어간 세균은 일반적인 증균 배지에서는 집락을 형성하지 않지만, 죽은 것이 아니라 낮은 대사활성상태로 유지되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 $10^{\circ}C$의 저온 빈영양 해수에서 Edwardsiella tarda를 VBNC 상태로 유도한 후, 해수 온도를 10에서 $25^{\circ}C$로 상승시킬 때 첨가된 유기물의 종류에 따라 VBNC 상태인 균의 소생 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. E. tarda가 접종된 빈영양 해수 microcosm을 $10^{\circ}C$에 유지하였을 때 VBNC 유도 기간은 42-84일까지 다양하였다. 유도 기간 동안 acridine orange direct counting법으로 계수한 총 균수는 초기 접종 농도인 약 $10^8cells/ml$로 일정하였으며, direct viable counting법으로 계수한 생존 균수는 약 $10^4cells/ml$로 감소되었다. VBNC E. tarda에 효모추출물, 넙치근육추출물 그리고 혈청을 첨가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 소생을 유도한 결과 전체 시료 개수의 37%, 23%, 37%에서 각각 소생이 확인되었으며 소생된 E. tarda의 특성은 VBNC 유도 전 원래의 세균과 일치하였다. 소생된 E. tarda를 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에 복강 주사 하였을 때 접종 후 5일 이내에 시험어가 모두 사망함으로써 VBNC 상태의 E. tarda가 독력을 유지하고 있었음을 시사하였다. 그러므로 E. tarda는 우리나라 남해 연안 겨울의 저온 빈영양 해수에서 VBNC 상태로 유도되었다가 여름과 가을 시기에 수온 상승과 더불어 소생되어 양식 넙치에 지속적인 발병 요인이 되고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2004

밭작물에 대한 규산질 비료의 시용이 널리 이루어지고 있으나 적정시용수준이 밝혀져 있지 못하며 또한 밭토양에서의 유효규산 측정방법이 구명되어있지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구는 참외 시설재배지 토양에 대하여 유효규산 측정방법을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 경북 성주지역의 참외 시설재배지,10개소의 토양과 참외 잎 시료를 채취하여 가용성 토양 규산 함량과 잎 중의 총 규산 함량을 분석하였다. 가용성 토양 규산은 0.5 N HCI, 1 N sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0). citric acid 1%, water, Tris buffer (pH 7.0), 그리고 1주간 담수하는 방법 등으로 추출하였으며, 식물체 규산은 autoclave 방법으로 추출하였다. 추출액중의 가용성 규산은 비색법으로 정량하였다. 각 추출방법별로 가용성 토양규산 함량과 식물체규산 함량과의 관계를 비교하였는데, 1 N sodium acetate buffer 방법이 토양 규산과 식물체 규산 관계를 가장 뚜렷한 포화곡선으로 나타내었다. 포화곡선으로부터 산출된 참외 잎 중의 포화 규산 함량은 약 $14g\;SiO_2\;kg^{-1}$이었고 1 N sodium acetate buffer 방법으로 추출할 경우토양 규산 함량 $120mg\;SiO_2\;kg^{-1}$이 참외에 적정한 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 특히 1 N sodium acetate buffer방법의 경우 참외 잎 중의 규산 함량이 포화되는 수준 이하의 토양 규산 함량 범위에서는 토양 규산 함량과 식물체 규산 함량 사이에 유의성 있는 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 현재 우리나라에서 논토양의 유효규산 측정방법으로 널리 사용퇴고 있는 1 N sodium acetate buffer를 이용한 유효규산 추출방법이 밭토양에도 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되나 앞으로 다양한 작물과 토양을 대상으로 계속적인 연구가 요구된다.