• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to determined the effect of laser irradiation on the fibroblast activity. Cultures of 3T3 fibroblasts were subjected to Helium Neon laser(632.8 nm) irradiation of various energy density. On one, two and three consecutive days the fibroblast monolayers wert irradiated for period from 0 to 32 minutes with 8 mW of average output power. The fibroblast activity was determined by the quantitative assay of MTT, SRB and NR after incubation of the fibroblasts for 24 hours. Results show that exposure duration from 2 min to 32 min could increase MTT at three consecutive days, whereas control and 1 min, one and two days irradiation had were not inclosed. The SRB and NR were inclosed at two and three consecutive days from 2 min to 32 min, whereas control and 1 min, and once radiation were not increased. These result demonstrate that energy density from 0.48 to 7.64 J/cm could increase cellular protein contents and fibroblast activity at more than twice irradiation of laser, whereas low energy density (less than 0.24 J/m) and once irradiation of laser had no effect. The results suggest that the beneficial effect of the He-Ne laser with adequate dose on fibroblast activity in vitro.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2011

Various concentrations of whey protein isolate (WPI), such as 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0%(w/v), containing 1.0%(w/v) eugenol were prepared by high speed homogenization to formulate nanoemulsions (NEs) and to investigate their antimicrobial activity. The results showed that particle size decreased according to increases in WPI concentration. Similarly, the ${\zeta}$-potential value was reduced to a negative charge when using WPI concentrations >0.1%(w/v). In contrast, no significant differences in particle size were observed during 1 mon of storage, except for the 0.1%(w/v) WPI NE. The ${\zeta}$-potential value depended on the increase in WPI concentration and storage duration, except for NE1 and NE5, suggesting that a low or high concentration of emulsifier was not effective for maintaining the droplet form of the eugenol NE. The results of an antibacterial effect investigation indicated that the growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited based on an increase in eugenol concentration in all NE formulations. Moreover, a membrane permeability study showed that total leakage content increased according to incubation time.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 1991

In order to study the sperm-egg interaction during fertilization process in mouse, the effects of sperm concentration, the duration of capacitation and insemination, the stages of maturation and development of eggs, and sperm extracts and BSA on sperm binding to egg were examined. Sperm-egg binding was increased depending on sperm concentration within the range of $10^3-10^6$ sperm/ml. It showed the most numbers of sperm-egg binding at 60min from the beginning of preincubation(capacitation) and insemination, respectively. During sperm capacitation, sperm-egg binding inhibitor was released from sperm into the incubation medium. Sperm extracts containing trypsin-like enzyme which is secreted through the acrosome reaction increased the binding. BSA in the culture medium showed a positive effect on the binding. It is suggested that physicochemical alterations of zona pellucida in the process of maturation and fertilization of eggs leaded to inhibition of sperm-egg binding.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of in vitro cytotosic actions of polyacetylenes which are panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. DNA synthesis of L1210 cells was significantly inhibited with dose dependent pattern when L1210 cells were treated for 1 hour with over 5 .mu.g/ml of polyacetylenes. Panaxydol which had the most potent cytotoxicity among three polyacetylenes showed also the strongest inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. Intracellular cyclic AMP levels of L1210 cells treated with 2.5 $\mu$g/ml of panaxydol or panaxytriol were significantly elevated on the incubation duration. The elevation of cyclic AMP levels by panaxytriol was higher than that by panaxydol, but no significant increase in cyclic AMP by panaxynol was observed. All three polyacetylenes had no effect on glycolysis of L1210 cells. Electron microscopic observations revealed that polyacetylenes caused damage to plasma membranes of L1210 cells in proportion to their cytotoxicities at each $ED_{50}$ value (panaxydol > panaxynol> panaxytriol). These results suggest that cytotoxicities of polyacetylenes against L1210 cells might be mediated by elevated cyclic AMP level, even though the relationship among their cytotoxicities, inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis and ability to elevation of cyclic AMP level are not fully agreed, and might be also related to membrane damage.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1970

Chenges in respiration of the soils collected from the reclaimed tidal soil in Chogi-ri, Kanghwa Island and treated with organic matters are presented. The measurement of the respiration for the smaples, which were incubated for 0,2,4 and 5 weeks, were carried out by using Warburg's respirometer. While the respirations of the samples added by organic matters were increased 6.7 - 28.0 times compared with that 0 week during the incubation in case of 5-year soil, the respiration in case of 3-year soil were increased 3.3-11.8 times. Thus, the effect of adding organic matters on the respiration of the experimented soils, as this indicates, was much higher for the soil of 5-year area than that of 30-year area. And for the organic matters Salicornia was most effective and then Suaeda and Oryzae. The samples treated with Salicornia and Suaeda showed their highest respiration rate at the 4th week, but the one with Oryzae was measured to increase progressively during 5 weeks experimented. Regarding the salinity, content of organic matters and number of bacteria, in each intact soil experimented, 5-year soil samples had much poor habitat then 30-year soil for the activity of soil microorganisms, but according to the result mentioned above, it is firmly believed that the addition of organic matters on the saline soil is one of the best means to change the reclaimed tidal land into arable land with less time duration.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1986

The effects of varying concentrations and durations of butachlor [N-(bytoxymethyl)-2-chlor-2', 6';-diethylacetanilide] treatment on oat (Avena sativa L.) root cell division were studied. Oats were treated from 0 to 48h with concentration ranging from 1$\times$10-6M to 1$\times$10-3M of butachlor. The highest concentration (1$\times$10-3M) of butachlor caused significant inhibition of cell division after 6h treatment. After 18h treatment, 49% and 66% inhibition of cell division occurred at 1$\times$10-5M and 1$\times$10-4M, respectively, while 16% inhibition of cell division occurred at 1$\times$10-6M concentration at same exposure period. Oat treated with 1$\times$10-5M and 1$\times$10-6M showed 69% and 38% inhibition of cell division after 36h. Increasing herbicide concentration at a specific time increased inhibition of cell division, and increasing the duration of treatment at a specific concentration also increased inhibition of cell division. In most instances the greatest inhibition of cell division occurred between 0 to 18h during 48h treatment. A range of concentration of 1$\times$10-5M to 1$\times$10-3M reduced cell enlargement significantly during 24h incubation period. The 1$\times$10-5M and 1$\times$10-3M caused 34% and 75% inhibition of cell enlargement. It was concluded that butachlor caused the growth inhibition of oats by inhibiting both cell division and cell enlargement.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1993

Chenges in respiration of the soils collected from the reclaimed tidal soil in Chogi-ri, Kanghwa Island and treated with organic matters are presented. The measurement of the respiration for the smaples, which were incubated for 0,2,4 and 5 weeks, were carried out by using Warburg's respirometer. While the respirations of the samples added by organic matters were increased 6.7 - 28.0 times compared with that 0 week during the incubation in case of 5-year soil, the respiration in case of 3-year soil were increased 3.3-11.8 times. Thus, the effect of adding organic matters on the respiration of the experimented soils, as this indicates, was much higher for the soil of 5-year area than that of 30-year area. And for the organic matters Salicornia was most effective and then Suaeda and Oryzae. The samples treated with Salicornia and Suaeda showed their highest respiration rate at the 4th week, but the one with Oryzae was measured to increase progressively during 5 weeks experimented. Regarding the salinity, content of organic matters and number of bacteria, in each intact soil experimented, 5-year soil samples had much poor habitat then 30-year soil for the activity of soil microorganisms, but according to the result mentioned above, it is firmly believed that the addition of organic matters on the saline soil is one of the best means to change the reclaimed tidal land into arable land with less time duration.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.235-253
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• 1993

동남참게, Eriocheir japonicus의 인공 채란 방식을 확립시키기 위하여 1990년11월-1991년7월까지 경남 하동군 섬진강 하구역에서 채집한 자웅성체를 사육하면서 교미로부터 산란 및 포난까지에 소요되는 시간, 난발생과 부화에 따른 온도와 염분농도와의 관계 등 생물학적 기초과제를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 교미로부터 산난개시까지에 소요되는 시간은 2-8시간이 걸리고, 산난개시로부터 포난이 완료될 때까지에는 대체로 3-9시간이 소요되며 난은 포난실내에서 체외수정을 한다. 인위적인 교미 조절에 의해 연간 최소한 4-6회의 산란을 시킬 수 있었으며, 포란수는 흉갑장의 길이가 6cm인 경우에는 대체로 $38\~41{\times}10^4$위 정도이다. 포란한 어미게의 부화에 따른 호적한 수온 및 염분농도는 각각 $17\~23^{\circ}C,\;14.0\~3l.5\%o$ 범위였다. 산란 개시로부터 부화까지에 달하는 소요일수는 수온 $14^{\circ}C$ 일때 42일, $17^{\circ}C$ 일때 28일, $20^{\circ}C$일때 21일 $26^{\circ}C$일 때 15일 그리고 $28^{\circ}C$ 14일이 소요되며, 수온(X)과 부화일수 (Y)와의 관계는 Log Y=Log 3.267-1.602 Log X의 식으로 표시된다. 수온 $18^{\circ}C$, 염도 $24.5\%o$ 조건하에서 란발생 진행과정은 산란후 7일이 지나면 배체가 형성되고 18일 만에는 복안이 형성되며 22일째가 되면 복절부의 굴신동작이 간헐적으로 일어나게 되어 25일째에 zoea 상태로 부화하게 된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2018

고리매개등온증폭법(LAMP)으로 흰등멸구를 특이적으로 구별해낼 수 있는 프라이머 세트(WBPH-65)가 핵내 ITS2영역의 전체염기서열(KC417469.1)을 바탕으로 설계 제작되었다. WBPH-65는 총 6개의 프라이머, F3 (18 bp), B3 (18 bp), FIP (43 bp), BIP (40 bp), LF (21 bp), LB (25 bp)로 구성되는데, 전체 합한 길이가 165 bp이다. WBPH-65를 흰등멸구, 벼멸구 및 애멸구의 게놈 DNA와 $65^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 고리매개등온증폭 반응시켰을 때, 흰등멸구 시료에서만 증폭 산물들이 관찰되었다. $65^{\circ}C$에서 WBPH-65와 흰등멸구 게놈 DNA의 양과 반응시간을 달리하여 형광반응을 관찰하였을 때 40분 반응에서는 10과 100 ng DNA에서, 60분 반응에서는 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 ng DNA에서 발광여부가 명확히 구별되었다. 그러나 20분과 30분 반응에서는 준비된 모든 DNA 양에서 발광여부 구별이 어려웠다. 한편, WBPH-65에서 LF와 BF 프라이머를 뺀 경우 60분 반응에서는 벼멸구, 애멸구 뿐만 아니라 흰등멸구의 게놈 DNA에서도 발광되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과로부터 WBPH-65가 60분 이내 반응에서 흰등멸구를 특이적으로 구별하기 위해서는 6개의 프라이머가 모두 필요하며 최소한 벼멸구와 애멸구를 구별해낼 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2015

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.