• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.53-69
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• 1998

This experiment was done to investigate the effects of GAMIKWYBICHONGTANG(GKCT) on the blood and brain tissues of aged rats. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated as follows for ten days before administration of scopolamine ; Non treated group(Normal), Distilled water feeding group (Control), GKCT feeding group(GKCT). After feeding them each, Control and GKCT were injected scopolamine for 5 days.We examined the changes of blood cell(WBC, RBC, platelet), blood serum(BUN, creatinine, glucose, uricacid), erythrocyte hemolysis, the activities of cholinesterase, and measured the amounts of malondialdehyde of the blood serum and checked the activities of catalase, SOD of the brain tissues.The results were as follows;1. GKCT showed significant increase of the number of WBC, but those of RBC and platelet didn't significantly changed in comparison with Control.2. GKCT showed significant decrease of BUN, creatinin, glucose, uric acid in blood serum in comparison with Control.3. Erythrocyte hemolysis were decreased significantly in GKCT in comparison with Control.4. About the activity of cholinesterase of blood serum, GKCT showed no significant increase in comparison with Control.5. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, oxidant material of blood serum of rats, GKCT showed significant decrease in comparison with Control.6. About the activity of catalase of brain tissue, GKCT showed no significant change in comparison with Control.7. About the activity of SOD of brain tissue, GKCT showed significant increse in comparison with Control.According to the above results, GKCT can reduce the formation of free radical and the accumulation of antioxidant materials, it is suggested that GAMIKWYBICHONGTANG(GKCT) has some effects on antiaging. It is also needed more following studies.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.401-418
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• 1995

Aging process can be explained by many factors. In this study, we counted complete Blood Cells (CBC) such as WBC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Granulocytes, RBC, HGB, and HCT of both SAM P6 and SAM P1 during the aging process. Plasma albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, urea concentrations were also measured at the same time. In addition to these, plasma concentrations of cortisol, total T3, and total T4 were analyzed by Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. There were no change in CBC counts of SAM R1 and SAM P6 during this study. Plasma concentratins of albumin and glucose decreased significantly in SAM R1. However, plasma alkaline phosphatases and creatinine concentration in SAM P6 decreased significantly at 16 week after birth comparing to the control. Total T4 levels were siginificantly increased although cortisol and total T3 concentrations were the same in SAM R1 groups. Especially, the after birth of creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, T4 of SAM P6 at 16 week were significantly different form those of SAM R1. At 12 week after birth, pilose antler extract was given 5g/kg/day p.o. for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days each in both SAM R1 and SAM P6. The RBC, HGB, and HCT levels started to increase significantly from 7 days after the dose at SAM P6 only. Total T4 conectrations were elevated gradually during the study although the antler extract administration did not prevent or inhibit the increase in total T4 concentration during the study. Therefore, the elevation of erythrocytes after administration of the extract needs to be studied in future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2017

Tick-borne pathogens can cause serious problems in grazing cattle. However, little information is available on tick-mediated diseases in cattle grazing on mountains. Thus, this study aimed to understand the potential problems related to tick-borne diseases in grazing cattle through the investigation of prevalent tick-transmitted infections, and their associated hematological changes, in terms of season and grazing type in Korean indigenous cattle (=Hanwoo). Hanwoo cattle from 3 regions of the Republic of Korea (=Korea) were either maintained indoors or placed on grassy mountains from spring to fall of 2014 and 2015. Cattle that grazed in mountainous areas showed a greater prevalence of tick-borne infections with an increased Theileria orientalis infection rate (54.7%) compared to that in non-grazing cattle (16.3%) (P<0.001). Accordingly, the red blood cell (RBC) count and hematocrit (HCT) values of grazing cattle were significantly lower than those of non-grazing cattle throughout the season (P<0.05). Moreover, RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), and HCT of T. orientalis-positive group were significantly lower than those of T. orientalis-negative group (P<0.05). T. orientalis is a widespread tick-borne pathogen in Korea. Grazing of cattle in mountainous areas is closely associated with an increase in T. orientalis infection (RR=3.4, P<0.001), and with consequent decreases in RBC count and HCT. Thus, these findings suggest that the Hanwoo cattle in mountainous areas of Korea are at a high risk of infection by T. orientalis, which can lead to hematological alterations. This study highlights the necessity of preventive strategies that target T. orientalis infection.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

Changes in hematology and serum biochemistry after treatment of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO, HM10760) were screened in 4 male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Four monkeys, composed of a treatment group of HM10760 and a positive control group of $Aranesp^(R}$, were subcutaneously administered at same dose of $100{\mu}g/kg$. Both groups did not show any change in body weights and food consumption for 4 weeks compared with those of pretreatment. Both groups did not show any change in total leukocyte count (WBC) and platelet count, while both groups showed increased platelet distribution width (PDW) percentage in HM10760 group during a period from day 5 to day 59 and in $Aranesp^(R}$ group during a period from day 9 to day 26. Both groups showed increases in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) approximately 10 days after treatment compared with those of pretreatment (day 0). The increased levels of RBC, HGB, and HCT were much higher in HM10760 than in $Aranesp^(R}$ by the increases of $3.2%{\sim}12.5%$ for RBC, $3.8%{\sim}17.1%$ for HCT, and $1.85%{\sim}11%$ for HGB. Both groups showed increases in red cells distribution width (RDW) and reticulocyte (RET) compared with those of pretreatment, showing the highest peak from day 9. The increased level of RET lasted up to day 14 in $Aranesp^(R}$ group, while it lasted up to day 23 in HM10760 group. The increased level of RDW lasted up to day 59, it was much higher in HM10760 by the increase of $10.1%{\sim}17.6%$ than in $Aranesp^(R}$ group. In serum biochemistry, both groups showed a decrease in chloride level compared with those of pretreatment. These findings indicated that HM10760 increased RBC, HGB, HCT, RDW, and RET compared with those of pretreatment, and the increased levels were much higher in HM10760 than in $Aranesp^(R}$.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2001

In Paralichthys olivaceus and Nibea japonica, response to live air (5hr) or ship (25hr) transportation was assessed, by determining the levels of plasma cortisol, glucose, lactic acid and osmolality, as well as hematological parameters namely hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), corpuscular volume (MCV), corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). In the experimental series I, the olive flounder was subjected to stress or no stress for 1hr, prior to its air transportation for 5hr. The stress suffered by the flounder prior to air transportation resulted in significant reduction in Ht, but increases in MCH and MCHC. Air transportation led to increases in MCV and MCH in both the stressed and non stressed groups. In the non stressed group it led to significant increase in Ht but decrease in MCHC. In the stressed group, the air transportation led to significant increases in osmolality and plasma cortisol from 5 to 38.5ng/$m\ell$. Non stressed groups did not show significant differences in this before and after transportation. In the experiment II, the red blood cell (RBC) count ranged from 2.5$\times$10$^{6}$ /${mu}ell$ to 2.7$\times$10$^{6}$ /${mu}ell$ in the flounder and 1.9$\times$10$^{6}$ /${mu}ell$ to 2.1$\times$10$^{6}$ /${mu}ell$ in the croaker during the pre- and post-transportation, respectively. In the croaker the shipping led to significant increase in plasma cortisol from 26 to 35ng/$m\ell$ but decrease in glucose from 91.0 to 26.4mg/㎗. For glucose the reverse (39.0 to 51.0mg/㎗) was true for the flounder.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1989

The present study was designed to investigate i) the action of various nucleotides on membrane permeability of rat red blood cell and hepatocyte for $Na^{+}$ and $Rb^{+}$ ii) the characteristics of purinoceptors on these cell membranes. Blood from Sprague-Dawley rats was obtained by carotid arterial cannulation. Red blood cells were then washed 3 times with saline at $4{\circ}C$. Hepatic parenchymal cells were isolated from rat livers by using a modification of the Berry and Friend (1969) method. For the $Na^{+}$ influx studies, isolated RBC and hepatocyte were incubated in incubation medium containing $^{22}Na^{+}0.2\;{\mu}Ci/ml$ at $37^{\circ}C$. After various time intervals samples were removed from the incubation flask and washed out 3 times with ice-cold washing solutions. Cells were destroyed by adding Triton X-100 and TCA solution. After centrifugation, the supernatants were assayed for $^{22}Na^{+}$ by gamma counter. $^{86}Rb^{+}$ was used to simulate $K^{+}$ in these $K^{+}efflux$ studies. Isolated hepatocytes were incubated for 60 min in the loading solution containing $^{86}Rb^{+}\;10\;{\mu}Ci/ml$ at $37^{\circ}C$. After loading, the cells washed out 3 times by centrifugation with washing solution. The cells were incubated in buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$. At intervals thereafter, samples were removed and centrifuged. The supernatants were analyzed for $^{86}Rb^{+}$ by liquid scintillation counter. The main results of the experiments were: 1) ATP and ATPP increased in both $^{22}Na^{+}$ influx and $^{86}Rb^{+}$ efflux in the red blood cell. Although ADP showed a tendency to increase in RBC membrane permeability for $^{22}Na^{+}$ and $^{86}Rb^{+}$, the changes were not significantly different from the control. 2) The Significant changes in $^{22}Na^{+}$ and $^{86}Rb^{+}$ flux by ATP were also demonstrated in hepatocyte. ATPP and ADP showed a tendency to increase in hepatocyte membrane permeability for both ions. 3) Other nucleoside triphosphates-ITP, GTP and CTP-did not change in membrane permeability for $^{22}Na^{+}$ and $^{86}Rb^{+}$ in RBC and hepatocyte. In conclusion, not only ATP but also ATPP activate purinoceptors and change in membrane permeability for $Na^{+}$ and $K^{+}$. In order to activate purinoceptors on the cell membrane, the nucleotides have to possess intact adenine moiety and three phosphates or more in its molecule.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1579-1584
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• 2008

Anemia are often detected among many patients who are treated in oriental traditional medicine hospitals in Korea through blood tests which are taken to diagnose the patients' general state, and most of them are diagnosed to have iron deficiency anemia. This study amis the effect of herbal medicine on the RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrits and indices of red blood cells such as mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), serum iron, and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) among patients who were treated in oriental medical hospital and diagnosed to have anemia through blood tests other than main symptoms. The subjects of this study were 29 patients(male 7, female 22, mean age: 56.24${\pm}$19.11years) who were chosen ones, they has below hemoglobin 12 gm/dL, serum iron 70 IU/L, MCV 80 fL on laboratory screening test when they first visits our hospital. As a result, the volume of red blood cell(RBC), hematocrit(HCT), and hemoglobin(Hb) in peripheral blood increased from $348.27{\pm}8.95{\times}10^5$ /UL, 28.82${\pm}$0.56%, 9.24${\pm}$0.22 g/dL to $375.62{\pm}9.11{\times}10^5$ /UL, 31.36${\pm}$0.68%, 10.31${\pm}$0.25 g/dL comparing before and after oriental medicine treatment. After the treatment, MCH, MCHC, and MCV also increased from 26.98${\pm}$0.84 Pg, 32.62${\pm}$0.45 g/dl, 79.26${\pm}$0.17 fL to 27.74${\pm}$0.74 Pg, 32.84${\pm}$0.33 g/dl, 84.15${\pm}$1.67 fL. There was statistically significant increase in MCH, MCV(P<0.05); however, there was no significant change in MCHC(P>0.05). The amount of iron in blood increased from 32.96${\pm}$4.20 ug/dL to 67.22${\pm}$7.18 ug/dL, which showed a statistically significant increase(P<0.05). On the other hand, TIBC decreased from 325.08${\pm}$13.97 ug/dL to 315.61${\pm}$18.79 ug/dL, which was not a statistically significant change(P>0.05). Like this, all the patients showed favorable results in anemia based on the measurements of indices of red blood cells except MCHC. According to the classification of herbal medicines, in strengthening energy group(補氣), replenishing blood group(補血), and replenishing both energy and blood group(補氣血), the volume of RBC, HCT, and hemoglobin showed significant increases. Furthermore, in herbal medicines strengthening blood(補血) and replenishing both energy and blood group(補氣血), serum iron also relatively increased compare to strengthening energy group(補氣).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1974

The relative state of human iron storage may be ascertained more reliably through determination of the serum iron, iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and absorption of radioactive iron in conjunction with studies of red cell morphology than from the study of red cell morphology alone. Recent investigations have shown that there is an increase in red cell protoporphyrin concentration in iron deficiency anemia. The significance of the red cell protoporphyrin has been discussed greatly during the years since its discovery. Two of the main factors which appear to influence the amaunt of protoporphyrin are increased erythropoiesis and factors interfering with the utilization of iron in the synthesis of hemoglobin, and iron deficiency. Recently Heller et al. have described a simplified method for blood protoporphyrin assay and this technique could be used assess nutritional iron status, wherein even minor insufficiencies are detectable as increased protoporphyrin concentrations. Based on the evaluation of the relationship between nutritional iron status and red cell protoporphyrin as an index suitable for the detection of the iron deficiency is described in this paper. RESULTS 1. Hemoglobin Concentrations and Anthropometric Measurements. The mean and standard deviations of the various anthropometric measurements of different age and sex groups are shown in table 1. There measurements have been compared with the Korean Standard. In the absence of local standards for arm circumference and skin-fold thickness over triceps, they have been compared with the standard from Jelliffe. Table 2,3, and 4 give anthropometric measurements and frequency (%) of anemia in children surveyed. The mean height of the children studid was 10 to 20 percent; below the Korean Standard. The distribution of height below 80 percent of the Standard was 21.2 percent, however, among anemic group this percentage was 27.7 percent. In general, the mean weight of the children was 10 to 15 percent below the Korean Standard. The percentage of children with weight less than 80 percent of the Standard was about 35 percent. But in the anemic group of the children, this percentage was 44 percent. The mean arm circumference was about 15 percent lower than the Jelliffe's standard. 61.2 percent of the children had values of arm circumference below 80 percent of the standard. Children with low hemoglobin levels, this percentage was 80 percent. The mean skinfold thickness over the triceps of the children studied was about 25 Percent lower than the Jelliffe's standard and 61.2 percent of the children had the value less than 80 percent of the standard. Among anemic children, this percentage was 70.8%. As may be seen from table 5, the mean hemoglobin concentration of the total group was 11.3g/100ml. Hemoglobin concentration was less than 11.0g/100ml. in 65(36.5%) of the 178 children. The degree of anemia in most of these children was mild with a hemoglobin level of less than 8.0g/100ml. found in only one child. In general, the prevalence of anemia was high in female children than male and decreased its frequency with increasing age. Relatively close relationship was observed between hemoglobin level and anthrophometric measurements especially high between arm circumference and skinfold thickness and hemoglobin but very low in height and low in weight and hemoglobin level, estimated by chi-square value. II. Serum iron, Transferrin saturation (1) Serum iron, and transferrin saturation Serum iron, transferrin saturation and red cell protoporphyrin concentrations were estimated in sub-sample of 84 children from 1 to 6 years and 24 older children between 7 and 13 years of age. The findings are presented in table 6. The mean serum iron concentration of the total group was 59ug/100ml. However, the level incrased with age from 36.6ug/100ml. (1-3years) to 80.8ug/100ml. (7-13 years). 60 percent of these children had a serum iron level less than 50ug/10ml. in the 1-3 years age group and 31.4 percent for 4-6 years group. These contrast with the finding of 12.5 percent anemic children in the 7-13 years age group. The mean transferrin saturation for the total group was 18.1 percent and frequency of anemia by transferrin saturation was observed same pattern as serum iron concentration. (2) Red cell protoporphyrin concentrations. (a) Red cell protoporphrin levels of children: Red cell protoporphyrin and other biochemical data are shown in table 4. The mean concentration in red cell of all children was fround 46.3ug/100ml. RBC. and differences with age groups were observed; in the age group 1-3 years, the mean concentration was $59.5{\pm}32.14$ ug/100ml. RBC; 4-6 years $44.1{\pm}22.57$ ug/100ml. RBC. and 7-13 years, $39.0{\pm}13.56$ ug/100ml. RBC. (b) Normal protoporphyrin values in adults: It was observed that in 10 normal adult males studied here the level of protoporphyrin in red cell ranged from 18 to 54 ug/100ml. RBC. and the mean concentration was $47.5{\sim}14.47$ ug/100ml. RBC. Other biochemical determination made on the same subjects are presented in table 8. (c) Red tell protoporphyrin concentration of occupational blood donors: The results of analyses for red cell protoporphyrin as well as serum iron, transferrin saturation and hemoglobin in the 76 blood donors are presented in table 7 and 8. In this experiment, donors were selected at random, however, most of them bled repeatedly because of poor economic situation, I doubt. Table 9 shows the distribution of red cell protoporphyrin concentration and hemoglobin concentration of occupational donors. The mean hemoglobin value for the total was 11.9 g/100 ml. When iron deficiency anemia is defined as a transferrin saturation below 15%, prevalence of anemia was 47.4 percent and the mean serum iron was 27.1ug/100ml. and red cell protoporphyrin, 168.3ug/100ml. RBC. However, mean serum iron and protoporphyrin concentration of above 15% transferrin saturation were 11.6 ug/100 ml. and 58.8 ug/100 ml. RBC. respectively. The mean Protoporphyrin concentration of non-anemic (above 15% transferrin saturation) donors was slightly higher than the results of normal adult males.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.951-956
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of duck-meat consumption on adult disease risk factors, including body compositions, hematological variables, and serum metabolic and lipid profiles in adult human males. To obtain results, 20 adult males aged 20 to 25 were subjected to a diet of 600 g/day of duck-meat for 4 wk, after which body composition, hematological variables, and serum metabolic and lipid profiles were investigated to determine if there was a relationship between duck-meat consumption and adult disease risk factors. The results revealed that high amounts of duck-meat intake did not negatively alter body indices such as body weight, fat mass, body mass index (BMI), % body fat or waste-to-hip ratio (WHR). Furthermore, there were statistically insignificant changes in the number of blood cells, although this number did increase significantly following intake of duck-meat. Moreover, general decreases in serum metabolic parameters were observed, but none of these changes were significant with the exception of the concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol also showed a statistically significant decrease by 5.86%. Therefore, this study suggests that the ingestion of duck-meat not only significantly increased the RBC count but also decreased BUN and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in adult males.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.208.2-208.2
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• 2016

Many researchers have paid attention to the studies on the interaction between non-thermal plasma and aqueous solutions for biomedical applications. The gas composition in the plasma is very important. Oxygen and nitrogen are the main gases of interest in biological applications. Especially, we focus on the oxygen concentration. In this experiment, we studied the role of oxygen concentration in plasma induced chemical reactions in solution. At first, the amount of ions are measured according to changing the oxygen concentration. And we checked the relationship between these ions and pH value. Secondly, when the oxygen concentration is changed, it identified the type and amount of radical generated by the plasma. In order to confirm the effect of these chemical property change to biological material, hemoglobin and RBCs are chosen. RBCs are one of the common basic biological cells. Thirdly, when plasma treated according to oxygen concentration in nitrogen feeding gas, oxidation of hemoglobin and RBC is checked. Finally, membrane oxidation of RBC is measured to examine the relation between hemoglobin oxidation and membrane damage through relative hemolysis and Young's modulus. Our results suggest that reactive species generated by the plasma differsdepending on the oxygen concentration changes. The pH values are decreased when oxygen concentration increased. OH decrease and NO increase are also observed. These reactive species makes change of chemical properties of solution. We also able to confirm that the difference in these reactive species to affect the oxidation of the Hb and RBCs. The Hb and RBCs are more oxidized with the high oxygen concentration conditions. But membrane is damaged more by plasma treatment with only nitrogen gas. It is shown that red blood cells membrane damage and oxidation of hemoglobin are not directly related.