• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.885-890
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• 2000

12 RC deep beams with a/d = 1.17 are reported. This paper is to study the effect of vertical and horizontal web reinforcement and web reinforcement arrangement on inclined cracking shear, ultimate shear strength, midspan deflection, and inclined crack width. Test results indicated that web reinforcement produces and arrangement seems to moderately affect inclined cracking shear, ultimate shear strength and crack width. However, addition of horizontal web reinforcement(pv = 0.0085) little or no influence on inclined cracking shear, ultimate shear strength and crack width. The member which vertical and horizontal web reinforcement concentrate on the center web considerably increases in load-carrying capacity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.547-560
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• 2022

By presetting various reinforcement diameters in topology optimization with the discrete model finite element analysis, an algorithm of bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization of multi-level reinforcement diameter is presented to obtain the optimal reinforcement topologies which describe the degree of stress of different parts. The results of a comparative study on different reinforcement feasible domain demonstrate that the more angle types of reinforcement are arranged in the initial domain, the higher utilization rate of reinforcement of the optimal topology becomes. According to the nonlinear finite element analysis of some deep beam examples, the ones designed with the optimization results have a certain advantage in ultimate bearing capacity, although their failure modes are greatly affected by the reinforcement feasible domain. Furthermore, the bearing capacity can be improved when constructional reinforcements are added in the subsequent design. However the adding would change the relative magnitude of the bearing capacity between the normal and inclined section, or the relative magnitude between the flexural and shear capacity within the inclined section, which affects the failure modes of components. Meanwhile, the adding would reduce the deformation capacity of the components as well. It is suggested that the inclined reinforcement and the constructional reinforcement should be added properly to ensure a desired ductile failure mode for components.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2007

경사 보강근이 철근콘크리트 연속 깊은 보의 구조적 거동에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 내부 전단경간에 개구부를 갖는 연속 깊은 보 12개가 실험되었다. 주요 변수는 개구부 크기와 경사 보강근 양이다. 개구부 주위의 경사 보강근 양과 개구부 크기의 영향을 동시에 고려하기 위한 유효 경사 보강근 계수가 제시되었다. 실험 결과 개구부를 갖는 연속 깊은 보의 하중 분배, 경사균열 폭 및 치대 내력은 유효 경사 보강근 계수에 의해 결정되었다. 유효 경사 보강근 계수가 클수록 경사균열 폭 및 이들의 진전 속도는 낮았다. 특히 유효 경사 보강근 계수가 0.077 이상인 보의 최대 내력은 동일 개구부 없는 보의 것에 비해 높았다. 내부 전단경간에 개구부를 갖는 연속 깊은 보의 최대 내력을 평가하기 위하여 상계치 이론을 이용한 수치해석 모델이 제시되었다. 제시된 모델로부터 얻은 최대 내력은 실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1989년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.77-82
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• 1989

In this paper an experimental approach of the relocation plastic hinging zones of nine reinforced concrete exterior beam-column subassemblages under cyclic loads was tried. The main parameters of the testing program were location of the plastic hinge, difference of the special reinforcement, inclined or intermediate layers of longitudinal reinforcement, applied maximum shear stress. The conclusions presented herein are based on the limited texts conducted. Inclined or intermediate layers of longitudinal reinforcement and extra top and bottom steel in the beam over a specific legnth can be used to move the beam plastic hinging zone away from the column face. But, for the use of intermediate layers of longitudinal reinforcement, sheat reinforcement detail need further investigation.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.897-902
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• 2001

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the shear behavior of high-strength concrete deep beam and to grasp the conservatism of ACI Building Code. Experimental results on 12 deep beams under two equal symmetrically placed point loads are reported. Main variables are vertical and horizontal web reinforcement and shear span-to-overall depth ratio. Test results indicated that web reinforcement dose not affect on formation of inclined cracks but shear span-to-overall depth ratio affect on inclined shear cracks and ultimate shear strength. Addition of vertical web reinforcement improves ultimate shear strength of H.S.C. deep beams that shear span-to-overall depth ratio is 1.0. Considerable increase in ultimate shear strength of H.S.C. deep beams with increasing horizontal web reinforcement that shear span-to-overall depth ratio is 0.5. Especially with increasing concrete strength($f_{ck}$) the ACI code is conservative in estamating the ultimate shear strength of deep beams.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2016

The present work is concerned with a numerical investigation of the behaviour of reinforced-concrete beams with non-bonded flexural tension reinforcement. The numerically-established behaviour of such beams with and without transverse reinforcement is compared with its counterpart of similar beams with bonded reinforcement. From the comparison, it is found that the development of bond anywhere within the shear span inevitably leads to inclined cracking which is the cause of 'shear' failure. On the other hand, the lack of bond within the shear span of the beams is found, not only to prevent cracking within the shear span, but, also, to lead to a flexural type of failure preceded by the formation of horizontal splitting of concrete in the compressive zone. It is also found that delaying the extension of horizontal splitting through the provision of transverse reinforcement in the beam mid span can lead to flexural failure after yielding of the tension reinforcement. Yielding of the tension reinforcement before the horizontal splitting of the compressive zone may also be achieved by reducing the amount of the latter reinforcement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.493-517
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• 2003

Attempts at improving beam-column joint performance has resulted in non-conventional ways of reinforcement such as the use of the crossed inclined bars in the joint area. Despite the wide accumulation of test data, the influence of the crossed inclined bars on the shear strength of the cyclically loaded exterior beam-column joints has not yet been quantified and incorporated into code recommendations. In this study, the investigation of joints has been pursued on two different fronts. In the first approach, the parameters that influence the behaviour of the cyclically loaded beam-column joints are investigated. Several parametric studies are carried out to explore the shear resisting mechanisms of cyclically loaded beam-column joints using an experimental database consisting of a large number of joint tests. In the second approach, the mechanical behaviour of joints is investigated and the equations for the principal tensile strain and the average shear stress are derived from joint mechanics. It is apparent that the predictions of these two approaches agree well with each other. A design equation that predicts the shear strength of the cyclically loaded exterior beam-column joints is proposed. The design equation proposed has three major differences from the previously suggested design equations. First, the influence of the bond conditions on the joint shear strength is considered. Second, the equation takes the influence of the shear transfer mechanisms of the crossed inclined bars into account and, third, the equation is applicable on joints with high concrete cylinder strength. The proposed equation is compared with the predictions of the other design equations. It is apparent that the proposed design equation predicts the joint shear strength accurately and is an improvement on the existing code recommendations.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

NATM 공법에서 터널을 확대하거나 피난갱과 같이 좁은 단면에 록볼트를 설치하는 경우에는 록볼트를 경사지게 설치하거나 또는 짧은 볼트를 연결하여 시공할 수밖에 없다. 국내외에서 실시된 경사 록볼트에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이며 실제 현장에 적용하기 위해서는 경사 록볼트의 거동특성에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 유한요소해석을 사용하여 경사 록볼트 시공 시 록볼트의 설치각도와 설치길이에 따른 최대 중립점 발생위치의 변화를 확인하고 이에 따른 록볼트에 의한 원지반 아치형성영역의 두께 변화를 비교 분석하여 지반보강효과에 대해 확인하였다. 해석결과 표준지보패턴(설치길이 4m)에선 설치각도가 감소할수록 터널 주변지반의 변형범위는 증가하여 지반보강효과가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 설치길이가 증가함에 따라 설치각도에 의한 영향을 적게 받은 것으로 나타났으며 설치각도 $45^{\circ}$ 이하에서는 설치길이의 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 경사록볼트의 설치각도는 $45^{\circ}$이상으로 하여 아칭영역을 확보하도록 하여야 하며, 설치각도 $75^{\circ}$이상인 경우 직각으로 설치하는 경우와의 보강효과의 차이가 크지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 추가적인 상세 검토를 통하여 NATM 터널에서의 경사록볼트 설계지침을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.873-878
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• 2001

This Paper Presents a new model, called the “shear-friction truss model,” for slender reinforced concrete beams to derive a clear and simple equation for their ultimate shear strength. In this model, a portion of the shear strength is provided by shear reinforcement as in the traditional truss model, and the remainder by the shear-friction mechanism. Friction resistance is derived considering both geometrical configuration of the rough crack surface and material Properties. The inclined angle of diagonal strut in the traditional truss model is modified to satisfy the state of balanced failure, when both stirrups and longitudinal reinforcement yield simultaneously. The vertical component of friction resistance is added to the modified truss model to form the shear-friction truss model. Test results from published literatures are used to find the effective coefficient of concrete strength in resisting shear on inclined crack surfaces.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

최근 초고층 빌딩과 같은 대형 구조물의 증가로 인하여 기초의 허용 지지력 확보를 위한 대구경 말뚝의 수요가 급속히 증가하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 기성 대구경 PHC말뚝의 전단성능을 향상시키기 위하여 속채움 콘크리트와 전단철근을 사용하여 대구경 합성 PHC말뚝을 제작하였다. 제작된 시험체는 KS규격의 전단강도 시험방법에 따라 수행하였고 변위제어 방법으로 진행하였다. 전단시험을 통하여 F 시험체는 휨균열과 경사균열이 발생한 이후 급작스런 수평균열이 발생하였으나, FT 시험체는 수평균열의 발생 없이 말뚝의 전 지간에 걸쳐 휨균열과 전단 경사균열이 일정 패턴으로 발생하였다. 또한, 대구경 합성 PHC말뚝의 최대하중은 PHC말뚝과 비교할 경우, F 시험체의 경우 2.9배, FT 시험체의 경우 3.3배 이상으로 크게 향상된 것을 확인하였다. FT 시험체의 높은 전단 저항 능력은 전단철근의 배근으로 인하여 대구경 합성 PHC 말뚝이 우수한 합성거동을 하였고, 발생한 전단균열의 성장을 효과적으로 제어하였기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.