• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2012

This paper describes a biped walking algorithm for a hydraulic humanoid robot on inclined floors. To realize stable and robust biped walking, the walking algorithm was divided into five control strategies. The first is a joint position control strategy. This strategy is for tracking desired joint position trajectories with a gain switching. The second is a multi-model based ZMP (Zero Moment Point) control strategy for dynamic balance. The third is a walking pattern flow control strategy for smooth transition from step to step. The fourth is an ankle compliance control, which increases the dynamic stability at the moment of floor contact. The last is an upright pose control strategy for robust walking on an inclined floor. All strategies are based on simple pendulum models and include practical sensory feedback in order to implement the strategies on a physical robot. Finally, the performance of the control strategies are evaluated and verified through dynamic simulations of a hydraulic humanoid on level and inclined floors.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to compare and analyze the change that must be applied to the evaluation of the slipperiness of an inclined floor, when considering its use by the physically handicapped and by the able-bodied. For this study, a simulator that can reproduce the characteristics of the body sway of a physically handicapped person was developed through a comparative experiment between able-bodied people and people with hemiplegia. In addition, as cale for the evaluation of the slipperiness of flat floors and inclined floors was composed by the sensory test result targeting physically handicapped persons (able-bodied persons wore the body sway for the handicapped and ageing in the experiment) and the able-bodied. In terms of the evaluation of the slipperiness of an inclined floor, it was evaluated that it is safe when the C.S.R' (Coefficient of Slip Resistance) of a healthy person is over 0.30, while it was evaluated that it is dangerous when the C.S.R' of a physically handicapped person is over $0.45{\sim}0.50$. Concerning this difference, it is judged that the reason for this difference is that the walking mechanism differs between an able-bodied person and a physically handicapped person.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.6
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• pp.811-824
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• 2022

Despite its disadvantages, soft story can reduce the damage to the upper floors by concentrating drift in that specific story provided that large drifts are avoided. Gapped-Inclined Brace (GIB) with reduced P-delta effects and the control of soft story stiffness makes it possible to take advantage of the soft story in buildings and increase their capacity for energy dissipation. OpenSees software is used in this study to validate and modify the GIB model's shortcomings. Also, the analysis method for this element is changed for design. The modified element is evaluated in 3D analysis. Finally, to retrofit an existing building, this element is used. Based on the Iranian seismic code, a six-story reinforced concrete building is modelled and studied with 3D analysis. In this building, the construction shortcomings and elimination of infills on the ground floor cause the formation of a soft story. Results of nonlinear static analysis, nonlinear dynamic, and incremental dynamic analysis using both components of seismic acceleration applied to the structure at different angles and the fragility curves indicate the improvement of the retrofitted structure's performance using the modified element to reach the required performance level following the retrofit code.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 1994

The primary court house judged that 5th floor's Bldg, structure were inclined 1/150 degree to west-ward by Explosion of Ad, Balloon in the Room. Surveyor made the report to denied the Judgement of primary court. With evidently and Theoritically. but It is waiting the juge of higher court house. Explosion pressure ${\Delta}p$ is as follows $\Delta{p}=4.2100{\times}{\lambda}^{-1.38}=4.2100{\times}{45}^{-1.38}=4.210{\times}{0.00487}=0.02kg/cm^2$.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2021

The semiconductor and display equipment demands an ultra-fine precision of several nm to several ㎛, and the scale is getting smaller due to the explosive development. The manufacturing process equipment for such products with ultra-fine precision is very sensitive to ultra-small vibrations flowing from the floor, resulting in problems of production defects and yield degradation. The vibration criteria are a standard that regulates the vibration environment of the floor where such precision process equipment will be installed. The BBN vibration criteria defined the allowable vibration velocity level in the frequency domain with a flat and inclined line and presented a rating according to it. However, the actual vibration criteria have appeared with various magnitudes in the frequency domain according to the dynamic characteristics of individual equipment. In this study, the relationship between the relative motion of two major points in the equipment and the vibration magnitude of the floor is presented using the frequency response function of a simple 3-DOF model. It is describing the magnitudes according to the frequency of the floor vibration that guarantees the allowable relative motion and this can be used as the vibration criteria. In order to obtain the vibration criteria experimentally a method of extracting through a modal test was introduced and verified analytically. It provides vulnerable frequency and magnitude to floor vibration in consideration of the dynamic characteristics of individual equipment. And it is possible to know necessary to improve the dynamic characteristics of the equipment, and it can be used to check the vibration compatibility of the place where the equipment will be installed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8408-8415
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose and analyse new technology of structural elements design for Korean-style house(Hanok). Design of modern apartment building adopts many aesthetic elements from Hanok, however, these are only for the decorations of interior. In this study, projected Hanok eaves were studied in terms of the length of solar insolation. Inclined front slab system has been proposed utilizing sloping roof to an apartment building section. This system can provide the same sunshine radiation length and outside view to all levels of building to overcome the limitation of traditional hanok. It also can be applied to all residences the vertical garden concept of hanok. Inclined slab system showed 20% more efficient than flat slab system in terms of solar insolation length. This study also suggested a double deck slab system for not only reducing apartment floor impact noise but also connecting concept of traditional maru system in hanok. Double deck system reduces 66% of floor impact noise comparing with single deck slab of modern apartment buildings.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2022

Currently, the construction trend of high-rise structures is changing from a cube-shaped box to a free-form. In the case of free-form structures, it is difficult to predict the behavior of the structure because it induces torsional deformation due to inclined columns and the eccentricity of the structure by the horizontal load. For this reason, it is essential to review the stability by considering the design variables at the design stage. In this paper, the position of the weak vertical member was analyzed by analyzing the behavior of the structure according to the change in the core position of the twisted high-rise structures. In the case of the shear wall, the shear force was found to be high in the order of proximity to the center of gravity of each floor of the structure. In the case of the column, the component force was generated by the axial force of the outermost beam, so the bending moment was concentrated on the inner column with no inclination.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.232-236
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• 2022

A ranula is a pseudocyst that originates from the sublingual gland after trauma. Acute cases of ranulas that progress rapidly and cause respiratory distress are rare. Holoprosencephaly is a complex brain malformation caused by incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon. Children with holoprosencephaly may experience upper airway obstruction due to the associated dentoalveolar malformations and oromotor dysfunctions. We present the case of an eight-year-old female patient with holoprosencephaly and a plunging ranula that manifested as an acute course due to difficult airway management. She required gastrostomy for oromotor dysfunctions related to feeding and swallowing and difficulty managing oral secretions. The sublingual gland and ranula were removed under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, urgent reintubation and close monitoring in the intensive care unit were required due to upper airway obstruction. We successfully managed the patient with close cooperation of a pediatrician and an anesthetist, and no recurrence was observed at the one-year follow-up. A ranula can be caused by trauma to the floor of the mouth in association with lingually inclined mandibular teeth, a type of dentoalveolar compensation seen in maxillary hypoplasia associated with holoprosencephaly. Careful consideration is needed in such cases since airway management can be difficult due to postoperative swelling and oromotor dysfunctions.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 1988

An investigation was carried out to compare the pulp responses against a few type of composite and streptococcus mutans contamination under the zinc oxide eugenol cement, and also confirmed pulpal responses of various composites with or without base. Seventy eight teeth from 6 dogs were employed and divided into 6 groups. Class V cavities were prepared on each tooth routinely with low speed dental engine. Paper disc about 0.3mm thick was immersed in the BHI broth in which streptococcus mutans had been enriched and the disc was inserted on the cavity floor prior to filling. Scotch bond puls Silux as Bis-GMA system composite resin and Helimolar as urethane system composite resin were adopted. Control group: Zinc-Oxide Eugenol cement filling Experimental groups: Group 1. Scotch bond + Silux filling with Dycal base Group 2. Heliomolar filling with Dycal base Group 3. Scotch bond + Silux filling without base Group 4. Heliomolar filling without base Group 5. Streptococcus mutans application. All cavities were sealed with thick ZOE cement to avoid marginal leakage. Postoperative intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks teeth were carefully extracted, processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The results were as follows: 1. S. mutans application group and composites without any base showed more severe pupal response than control group and dyca based groups. 2. The experimental group of S. mutans application showed severe response in the early stage compared to the two groups of composite resin without base, but no significant difference was found following periods. 3. The difference of pulpal response is not significant between Bis-GMA system and urethane system. 4. Streptococcus mutans application group and composites without base groups showed the evidence of histologic recovery at the six week cases and the large amount of reparative dentin was the prominent feature. 5. Pulp responses against every material were inclined to normal according to the time elapsed.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of Pilotis space in the elementary school and its problems and to explore some improvement scheme. The subjects of this research include the elementary schools in Deajeon, Chungju city which have been established since 1990 when the pilotis first introduced. It would be the effect of the decrease of site area and the increase of total floor area of elementary school. In this situation, this study aimed to figure out the characteristics of pilotis according to their types- Entrance type, Courtyard link type, Hybrid type- throughout the questionnaire, interview, and document analysis. The investigative situation was performed by employing a sample survey of 9 schools whose types were different from each other. The sample survey compared and evaluated scale, location, functions of Pilotis, the physical elements of types, connections with surrounding circumstances and the use under each condition. This study found that the use of pilotis at the elementary schools was inclined to the user, the teachers usually use pilotis only for passage, while the students use it in many ways according to the individual property. Pilotis space represent the differences in satisfaction and utility according to its type. To improve the relationship of users at the pilotis space, Courtyard link type is to be suggested and also it needs enough area as possible. In this way the pilotis type of elementary school gives great effect to the quality and function for better usage of this space.