• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2023

In tied-arch bridges, a properly designed connection between the arch and the deck may become crucial, since the forces in the structure may be significantly reduced. This implies substantial material savings and, consequently, cheaper constructions. The introduction of the Nielsen cable arrangement (composed of V-shaped inclined hangers) in the last century was a milestone because it was able to reduce deflections and bending moments both in the arch and in the deck. So far, the Nielsen cable arrangement has proven to be successful in traditional vertical arch bridges. However, despite its advantages, it has not been widely applied to spatial arch bridges. Thus, this article analyses the difference between the structural behavior of spatial arch bridges with Nielsen-type cable arrangements with respect to those with classical vertical hanger configurations. The main goal is to verify whether the known effectiveness of the Nielsen cable arrangement for classical arch bridges is still preserved when applied to spatial arch bridges. In order to achieve this objective, and as the first part of our study, a set of different all-steel bridges composed of vertical and inclined arches with straight decks have been compared for both cable arrangements. As a major conclusion, for planar vertical arch bridges, the Nielsen-type cable arrangement is always the most effective. In addition, it also seems that, for spatial arch bridges composed of a straight deck and an inclined arch, it still keeps most of its effectiveness as long as the arch is moderately inclined.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.273-288
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• 2015

As one of the most common failure types of arch bridges, stability is one of the critical aspects for the design of arch bridges. Using 3D finite element model in ABAQUS, this paper has studied the stability performance of an arch bridge with inclined arch ribs and hangers, and the analysis also took the effects of geometrical and material nonlinearity into account. The impact of local buckling and residual stress of steel plates on global stability and the applicability of fiber model in stability analysis for steel arch bridges were also investigated. The results demonstrate an excellent stability of the arch bridge because of the transverse constraint provided by transversely-inclined hangers. The distortion of cross section, local buckling and residual stress of ribs has an insignificant effect on the stability of the structure, and the accurate ultimate strength may be obtained from a fiber model analysis. This study also shows that the yielding of the arch ribs has a significant impact on the ultimate capacity of the structure, and the bearing capacity may also be approximately estimated by the initial yield strength of the arch rib.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2010

Special-shape arch bridge for self-balance (SBSSAB) in Zhongshan City is a kind of new fashioned spatial combined arch bridge composed of inclined steel arch ribs, curved steel box girder and inclined suspenders, and the mechanical behavior of the SBSSAB is particularly complicated. The SBSSAB is aesthetic in appearance, and design of the SBSSAB is artful and particular. In order to roundly investigate the mechanical behavior of the SBSSAB, 3-D finite element models for spatial member and shell were established to analyze the mechanical properties of the SBSSAB using ANSYS. Finite element analyses were conducted under several main loading cases, moreover deformation and strain values for control section of the SBSSAB under several main loading cases were proposed. To ensure the safety and rationality for optimal design of the SBSSAB and also to verify the reliability of its design and calculation theories, the 1/10 scale model tests were carried out. The measured results include the load checking calculation, lane loading and crowd load, and dead load. A good agreement is achieved between the experimental and analytical results. Both experimental and analytical results have shown that the SBSSAB is in the elastic state under the planned test loads, which indicates that the SBSSAB has an adequate load-capacity. The calibrated finite-element model that reflects the as-built conditions can be used as a baseline for health monitoring and future maintenance of the SBSSAB.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.713-730
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• 2002

This paper presents a finite element approach for determining the natural frequencies for planar inclined arches of various shapes vibrating in three-dimensional space. The profile of inclined arches, represented by undeformed centriodal axis of cross-section, is defined by the equation of plane curves expressed in the rectangular coordinates which are : circular, parabolic, sine, elliptic, and catenary shapes. In free vibration state, the arch is slightly displaced from its undeformed position. The linear relationship between curvature-torsion and axial strain is expressed in terms of the displacements in three-dimensional space. The finite element discretization along the span length is used rather than the total are length. Numerical results for arches of various shapes are given and they are in good agreement with those reported in literature. The natural frequency parameters and mode shapes are reported as functions of two nondimensional parameters: the span to cord length ratio (e) and the rise to cord length ratio (f).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.65-73
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• 2009

Large scale model tests and numerical analyses are performed to investigate the stress distribution of pillar due to surface loading nearby two-arch tunnel which is constructed in the regularly jointed rocks. It is observed that the influence of discontinuities on the stress distribution in the discontinuous rock mass and the underground stresses induced by surface loading are greater than those of linear elastic theory. Especially, lines of equal stresses are developed to the direction of inclination according to the inclined grade. In cases of discontinuities imbedded in parallel with or vertical to the ground, the pressure bulbs are formed symmetrically, however, the inclined ones result in stress distribution in parallel with and vertical to the planes of discontinuities. Results indicated that stress distribution is seriously affected by the angle of discontinuity. When stresses propagating to the pillar need to be estimated, relative location of surface loading, grade of discontinuous plane, and location of two-arch tunnel should be carefully considered.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.299-309
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• 1997

Soil and rock improvement and reinforcement techniques are applied to achieve safe tunnel excavation in difficult geological conditions. The Umbrella Arch Method(UAM), one of the auxiliary techniques, is used to reduce ground permeability and improve stabtility of the tunnel by inserting a series of steel pipes into ground around the crown inclined to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel. Additionally, multi-step grouting is added through the steel pipes. UAM combines the advantages of a modern forepoling system with the grouting injection method. This technique has been applied in subway, road and utility tunneling sites for the last few years in Korea. This paper presents the results of analysis of the case studies on ground movements associated with UAM used in the Seoul Subway line 5 constructon site. Improvement of tunnel stability and decrease of ground settlement expected with pipe insertion are also discussed. Finally, the method to minimize ground settlements caused by NATM tunnelling are suggested.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.1090-1095
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• 2004

Umbrella Arch Method(UAM), among others. is commonly applied to increase the facial stability during tunnel excavation and, depending on the field condition, additional reinforcement techniques can be used simultaneously. UAM, together with grouting method, is normally used to reduce ground permeability and improve stability of the tunnel by inserting a series of steel pipes into the ground around the crown inclined to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel. However. there has not been much rigorous study on the effectiveness of UAM, and most of UAM installations depend on empirical judgement rather than on engineering calculation, .In this study, the effectiveness of UAM is demonstrated based on the constitutive relationship involving UAM derived from the mechanics of composite material, and the numerical investigation is compared with small scale experiments on the tunnel reinforcement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.362-365
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• 2006

This paper presents a model for evaluating the contribution by arch action to shear resistance in shear-critical RC beams. Based on the relationship between shear and bending moment in beams subjected to combined shear and bending, The behavior of a beam is explicitly divided into two base components of the flexural action and the tied arch action. The compatibility condition of the shear deformation that deviates from Bernoulli bending plane is formulated utilizing the smeared truss idealization with an inclined compression chord. From this shear compatibility condition in a beam, the shear contribution by the arch action is numerically decoupled.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.134-143
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• 1998

Twin Blocks are simple bite-blocks that effectively modify the occlusal inclined plane to induce favorably directed occlusal forces by causing a functional mandibular displacement. These devices use upper and lower bite-blocks that engage on occlusal inclined planes. Twin Blocks use the forces of occlusion as the functional mechanism to correct the malocclusion. To get an excellent result in the treatment by using the Twin Block appliances, proper case selection must be needed. Twin Block treatment is performed in two stages. Twin Blocks are used in the active phase to correct the anteroposterior relationship and establish the correct vertical dimension. Once this phase is accomplished, the Twin Blocks are replaced with an upper Hawley type of appliance with an anterior inclined plane, which is then used to support the corrected position as the posterior teeth settle fully into occlusion. The Twin Block is the most comfortable, the most esthetic ane the most efficient of all the functional appliances. Twin Blocks have many advantages compared to other functional appliances. Patients can wear Twin Blocks 24 hours per day and can eat comfortably with the appliances in place. From the moment Twin Blocks are fitted, the appearance is noticeably improved. There is less interference with normal function. Integration with conventional fixed appliances is simpler than with any other functional appliance. Twin Blocks allow independent control of upper and lower arch width. Appliance design is easily modified for transverse and sigittal arch development. The authors treated Class II malocclusion with Twin Blocks. and the results as follows; 1. Rapid profile improvement was achieved in 2-3 months. 2. There was excellent patient cooperation. 3. Severe overjet and overbite were reduced. 4. Class II molar relationship was changed to Class I.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.4 s.43
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• pp.475-483
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effects on anterior crossbite patients using chin cap and labiolingual arch appliance. In the present study, I statistically evaluated measurement values on a cephalogram before and after treatment form twenty anterior crossbite cases. The results were as follows: 1. In the craniofacial patterns, cranial base increased after treatment. 2. In the maxillo-mandibular relationship, ANB and Facial convexity significantly increased. 3. In the denture patterns, occlusal plane, Ul to FH and Overjet significantly increased. On the contrary overbite decreased significantly. Lower incisors inclined lingually. 4. In the soft tissue profile changes, lower lip protrusion was signifacantly improved.