• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2021

Objective : Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the safety and efficacy of combined ICI and Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) treatment remain undefined. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients treated with ICIs with or without GKS at our institute to manage patients with brain metastases from NSCLC. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with brain metastases from NSCLC treated with ICIs between January 2015 and December 2017. Of 134 patients, 77 were assessable for brain responses and categorized into three groups as follows : group A, ICI alone (n=26); group B, ICI with concurrent GKS within 14 days (n=24); and group C, ICI with non-concurrent GKS (n=27). Results : The median follow-up duration after brain metastasis diagnosis was 19.1 months (range, 1-77). At the last follow-up, 53 patients (68.8%) died, 20 were alive, and four were lost to follow-up. The estimated median overall survival (OS) of all patients from the date of brain metastasis diagnosis was 20.0 months (95% confidence interval, 12.5-27.7) (10.0, 22.5, and 42.1 months in groups A, B, and C, respectively). The OS was shorter in group A than in group C (p=0.001). The intracranial disease progression-free survival (p=0.569), local progression-free survival (p=0.457), and complication rates did not significantly differ among the groups. Twelve patients showed leptomeningeal seeding (LMS) during follow-up. The 1-year LMS-free rate in treated with ICI alone group (69.1%) was significantly lower than that in treated with GKS before ICI treatment or within 14 days group (93.2%) (p=0.004). Conclusion : GKS with ICI showed no favorable OS outcome in treating brain metastasis from NSCLC. However, GKS with ICI did not increase the risk of complications. Furthermore, compared with ICI alone, GKS with ICI may be associated with a reduced incidence of LMS. Further understanding of the mechanism, which remains unknown, may help improve the quality of life of patients with brain metastasis.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2021

27개 사업장, 1897 근로자를 대상으로 근골격계질환 증상조사표를 받아 근골격계증상과 근로자 개인적 특성과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 근로자의 근골격계질환 증상 유무는 한국산업안전보건공단의 근골격계부담작업 유해요인조사 지침에 따라 관리대상자 이상을 기준으로 했으며 개인적 특성으로는 작업자의 연령, 업무부담, 가사부담, 직장경력, 여가종류, 성별, 결혼유무로 구분하였다. 조사는 업무부담, 가사부담, 직장경력의 서열변수는 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 상관관계를 조사하였으며 그 외 명목변수는 교차분석과 카이제곱분석으로 해당 결과의 유의성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 작업자의 연령이 낮을수록, 업무부하와 가사부담이 높을수록, 여성일 경우, 여가활동을 가지지 않을 경우 근골격계질환 증상발현율이 높아진다는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 본 연구의 결과를 다른 연구결과와 비교한 결과 조금씩 결과가 다른 점을 미루어볼 때 본 연구의 자료를 근골격계질환 예방의 개략적인 지표로써 활용할 수는 있지만 정량적 지표로써 활용하가 전 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2022

현대사회에서 내분비계 교란물질(Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals)은 다양한 질환을 유발하는 원인 물질로 잘 알려져 있다. 내분비계 교란물질은 플라스틱병 및 용기, 세제, 금속 식품 캔 라이너, 난연제, 식품, 장난감, 화장품 및 살충제를 비롯한 많은 상업용 제품에서 발견된다. 내분비계 교란물질은 호르몬의 작용을 모방하여 인체 내 뇌하수체, 갑상샘, 부신, 난소 등을 포함한 내분비계를 교란해 생식 기능의 저하, 저티록신 혈증 및 암까지 유발할 수 있는 물질로 사료되고 있다. 최근, 신경과학 분야에서 내분비계 교란물질과 신경 질환과의 연관성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 내분비계 교란물질은 신경세포의 증식, 발달, 분화에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 자폐증, 주의력 결핍 장애를 포함한 신경 발달장애질환과 파킨슨병, 알츠하이머병과 같은 퇴행성 뇌질환을 유발한다는 연구결과가 발표되었다. 하지만 전 세계적으로 내분비계 교란물질은 인간 생활에 편리함을 제공한다는 이유로 계속 사용되고 있다. 이에 각국의 정부에서는 내분비계 교란물질의 노출을 최소화하기 위한 적절한 규제 및 정책 수립이 필요하며, 내분비계 교란물질이 인체에 미치는 정확한 기전 이해가 절실히 필요한 실정이다. 특히, 내분비계 교란물질이 신경계에 미치는 영향에 대한 정확한 기전 연구가 필요하며 전 세계적으로 이들 연구가 활발히 이루어져야 한다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2022

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the volume of trauma patients, the number of orthopedic trauma operations, and the severity of injuries. We also investigated the correlations between social distancing and these variables. Methods: This was a retrospective review of trauma patient cases at a single focused training center for trauma in Korea from January 2017 to April 2021. The COVID-19 group included patients treated from January 1 to April 30 in 2020 and 2021, and the control group included patients treated during the same months from 2017 to 2019. The volume of trauma patients according to the level of social distancing was evaluated among patients treated from August 2, 2020 to November 23, 2020. Results: The study included 3,032 patients who presented to the emergency department with traumatic injuries from January to April 2017 to 2021. The average number of patients was 646.7 and 546.0 in the control and COVID-19 groups, respectively. The percentage of patients injured in traffic accidents (TAs) decreased from 25.0% to 18.2% (P<0.0001). The proportions of in-car TAs and pedestrian TAs also decreased from 6.7% and 10.8% to 3.5% and 6.0%, respectively (P=0.0002 and P<0.0001). The percentage of bicycle TAs increased from 2.4% to 4.0% (P=0.0128). The proportion of patients with an Injury Severity Score above 15 and the mortality rate did not change significantly. As the level of social distancing increased, the number of trauma patients and the number of trauma injuries from TAs decreased. The number of orthopedic trauma operations also depended on the social distancing level. Conclusions: The number of trauma patients presenting to the emergency department decreased during the COVID-19 period. The volume of trauma patients and orthopedic trauma operations decreased as the social distance level increased.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2021

Purpose: Despite aggressive medical and nutritional management, patients with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) often suffer from multi-organ damage. Early deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) has emerged as an intervention to prevent disease progression. We investigated the efficacy of living donor LT (LDLT) with a potential carrier of MMA and a small volume of graft in patients with MMA as an alternative to DDLT. Methods: Of five patients (three male, two female; median age 5.7 years; range, 1.3-13.7 years), four underwent carrier LDLT, while one underwent non-carrier auxiliary LDLT. All patients received pre- and post-LT continuous renal replacement therapy and were provided with minimal restriction diet according to serum MMA level after LT. MMA levels in the serum and urine, the incidence of metabolic crisis, and clinical findings before and after LT were compared. Results: The survival rate was 100% during 2.2 years of follow up period after LT. In all five cases, MMA titer in the serum after transplantation decreased with less restrictive diet. Metabolic crisis was not observed during the follow-up period. In addition, no patient showed progression of severe renal impairment requiring hemodialysis. Progression of delayed cognitive development was not observed. Social functioning with improved neuropsychiatric development was observed. Conclusion: This study showed that LDLT achieved improved quality of life with less restrictive diet, therefore it could be a feasible alternative option to DDLT for the treatment of patients with MMA, even with an auxiliary LT.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2022

전립샘암의 방사선치료법인 3D CRT와 IMRT 5 portals, IMRT 9 portals에서 정상장기인 대장과 갑상샘의 광중성자 선량 피폭으로 인하여 암이 발생할 확률을 연구하고자 한다. 전립샘암 총 처방선량 6600 cGy로 1회당 220 cGy, 총 횟수는 30회의 분할조사를 적용하였다. 실험에 사용한 의료용 선형가속기의 치료테이블(couch)위에 Rando phantom을 setup 한 후에 phantom의 대장, 갑상샘의 해당부위에 중성자 광자극발광선량계 (Optically stimulated luminescence albedo neutron dosimeter)를 위치시켜 측정하였다. 전립샘암 3D CRT시 정상장기인 대장과 갑상샘의 광중성자 선량으로 인한 2차 암의 발생확률은 10,000명 당 1.8명 이었다. 그리고 IMRT 5 portals은 10,000명 당 8.7명으로, 3D CRT에 비해서 약 5배 컸다. IMRT 9 portals는 1,000명 당 1.2명이 암이 발생할 확률이 있음의 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 방사선 치료 시 발생하는 광중성자 선량으로 인하여 2차 방사선 피폭선량의 위험성을 연구하여, 향후 방사선의 확률적 영향과 방사선 방호에 관련하여 유용한 자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Heat-sensitive Moxibustion on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Methods: We searched articles from Academic Journals(CAJ) online databases, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Searching key words were '前列腺增生', '熱敏灸' and '열민구', '전립선비대'. The search range included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Among the articles published to 2020, 10 articles were found. After review the title, abstract and original, 3 articles were selected finally to rule out treatment combined with completely different treatments. Result: The Heat-sensitive moxibustion at acupoints in the treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia were significantly superior to control group after treatment in the symptoms of patients, IPSS, QOL, PVR and Qmax(P<0.05). The Heat-sensitive moxibustion can significantly reduce the incidence of temporary urinary incontinence after Transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) and improve life quality and satisfaction of patients(P<0.05). The individualized desensitization saturated time and amount of Heat-sensitive moxibustion is superior effective to general amount and time of traditional moxibustion in the total effective rate, IPSS, Ru and Qmax(P<0.01) for Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusion: Heat sensitive moxibustion directly transfer heat to the source of a disease. So it can be considered as a good treatment for Benign prostate hypertrophy. It was also shown a better effect on BPH compared to traditional moxibustion, According to the thermo principles of tumor, if the tumor cell's death temperature of 43℃ is reached, that can cause tumor degeneration. Therefore I think Heat sensitive moxibustion can be applied to various tumor disease. The results of this study could be applied to clinical treatment of BPH. However, additional large-scale clinical researches should be conducted.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out kinematic and kinetic differences the lower extremity joint according to the landing type during vertical jump movement after jump landing, and to present an efficient landing method to reduce the incidence of injury in youth players. Method: Total of 24 Youth players under Korean Sport and Olympic Committee, who used either heel contact landing (HCG) or toe contact landing (TCG) participated in this study (HCG (12): CG height: 168.7 ± 9.7 cm, weight: 60.9 ± 11.6 kg, age: 14.1 ± 0.9 yrs., career: 4.3 ± 2.9 yrs., TCG height: 174.8 ± 4.9 cm, weight: 66.9 ± 9.9 kg, age 13.9 ± 0.8 yrs., career: 4.7 ± 2.0 yrs.). Participants were asked to perform jump landing consecutively followed by vertical jump. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 19 infrared cameras and 2 force plates was performed in this study. To find out the significance between two landing styles independent t-test was performed and significance level was set at .05. Results: HCG showed a significantly higher dorsi flexion, extension and flexion angle at ankle, knee and hip joints, respectively compared with those of TCG (p<.05). Also, HCG revealed reduced RoM at ankle joint while it showed increased RoM at knee joint compared to TCG (p<.05). In addition, HGC showed greater peak force, a loading rate, and impulse than those of TCG (p<.05). Finally, greater planta flexion moment was revealed in TCG compared to HCG at ankle joint. For the knee joint HCG showed extension and flexion moment in E1 and E2, respectively, while TCG showed opposite results. Conclusion: Compared to toe contact landing, the heel contact landing is not expected to have an advantage in terms of absorbing and dispersing the impact of contact with the ground to the joint. If these movements continuously used, performance may deteriorate, including injuries, so it is believed that education on safe landing methods is needed for young athletes whose musculoskeletal growth is not fully mature.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2019

지난 10년 동안 인체 브루셀라증은 한국에서 주요한 인수공통전염병이 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 2002년부터 2013년까지 한국의 소 브루셀라증 발생 관련 인체 브루셀라증에 대한 대규모 방역 프로그램의 역학 동향을 관찰하는 것이다. 본 연구에 사용된 자료는 질병관리본부 및 농림축산검역본부의 웹 사이트에 있는 2002년부터 2013년 브루셀라증 발병 자료이다. 소 브루셀라증 발생 관련 인체 브루셀라증 발병 건수는 2003년 이후 증가해 2006년에 최고치를 보였으나 이후 감소했다. 이 기간 동안 국내 가축에 감염된 소 브루셀라증은 총 89,240두로 누적발생률은 100,000두당 611.8이었다. 같은 기간 동안 인체 브루셀라증은 총 703명이 발병하여 누적발생률은 100,000명당 0.12이었다. 또한 소와 인체 사이의 브루셀라증 발생의 상관 계수는 매우 유의했다 (r=+0.985). 소 브루셀라증 1,000건당 인체 브루셀라증 7.88건이 발생하였다. 인체 브루셀라증 감염을 막기 위해 가축에서 브루셀라증에 대한 광범위한 방제 프로그램이 적용되었고, 이는 인체 브루셀라증 발생을 줄이는데 크게 기여했다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

딸기의 내저온성 품종육성을 위한 우수 교배친 선발을 위해 '다홍', '감홍', '매향', '설향'을 자방친으로 이용하고 '다홍', '감홍', '매향', '설향', '수경', '선홍', '원교3111호' 등을 화분친으로 하여 24조합을 작성하고 조합능력 검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 자방친을 '다홍'으로 하였을 경우에는 전체조합에서 과중이 작아지는 경향이 있었고, '감홍'은 생존율이 낮아 두 품종은 자방친으로 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 화분친에 있어서도 '선홍'을 화분친으로 이용한 경우 경도가 낮아지는 경향이 있었고, '수경'은 기형과가 다소 발생하는 경향이 있어 화분친으로 적합하지 않았다. 그러나 '매향'과 '설향'을 자방친으로 이용할 경우 발아율과 생존율이 상대적으로 높았고, 과실품질이 우수하고 수량성도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 '매향'과' 설향'이 자방친으로 우수하였고, 화분친으로는'매향', '설향', ' 원교3111호' 등이 우수하였다. 특히, '매향' × '설향', '설향' × '매향', '설향' × '원교3111호' 조합은 당도, 과실크기, 경도, 수량성 측면에서 우수성이 인정되기 때문에 내저온성 교배조합으로 적합하다고 판단된다.