• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.163-181
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to confirm what the stress factors are in performing their jobs among librarians in Public libraries. The study further investigates to figure out the difference of the degree in cognition of job stress according to demographic characteristics of individuals and the impacts of the stress factors on job satisfaction. A survey was conducted for the study sending questionaires to 113 librarians working in 14 Public libraries in Pusan. The results of the study are followings: 1) Females experience higher job stress than males. 2) The younger the age, the higher the job stress. Also, the shorter the year at work, the higher the job stress. 3) The lower the license class, the higher the job stress. Also, singles than married have higher job stress. 4) In the impacts of stress factors on job satisfaction, role conflict is the most powerful factor, and then role overload, career development, role underload, role ambiguity and interpersonal relation, each in order.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2003

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells(PEFC) have been considered to be a suitable candidate for residential, portable and mobile applications, due to their high efficiency and power density, even at low operating temperature. KIER developed a 5kW class PEFC system for residential application and operated the system for over 1,000 hours. To develop a 5kW PEFC system, performance of a cell was improved through successive tests of single cell of small and large area. Fabrication of three 2,5 kW class stacks, design and fabrication of natural gas reformer, design of auxiliary equipments such as DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter and humidifying units were carried out along with integration of components, operation and evaluation of total system. During the development period from 1999 to 2001, MEA(membrane electrode assembly) fabrication technologies, design and fabrication technologies for separators, stacking technologies and so on were developed, thereby providing basis for developing stacks of higher efficiency and power density in the future. Experience of development of natural gas reformer opened possibilities to use various kinds of fuels. Main results obtained from the development of a 5kW class PEFC system for residential application are summarized.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the differences (if any) and the causes of preferences for science between elementary school boys and girls. Another purpose of this study is to find out when such differences in preference begin and what their causes we. Fourth, fifth and sixth grades from elementary school A in Gyeongg-gi Province participated twice in research surveys on preference levels in science with education, career course and personal experience taken into account. A total of 997 survey responses, (excluding no responses or half-hearted ones) were selected for comparative analysis. The analysis methods used were frequency analysis, cross stabs and one-way ANOVA Analysis which depended on survey items. The results of this study show that preference levels in science are 61.7% and the difference of preference levels in science between boys and girls are 31.2% and 30.5% with boys showing higher percentages in science preference levels than girls(p<.01). Moreover, the results also show that the point in which changes in preference level in science emerges is from fifth and sixth grades. Therefore, the gender difference in preference levels in science begins with fifth grade students, with science being slightly more favored by boys. finally, the main causes in gender differences seems to be the experiment participants' levels, scientific education textbook preference level, interests in science class, and plans for the future that are related to field of science. Among these causes, interests level in science class and preference levels in science are closely related.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to discover how the use of digital applications can affect students' attitudes toward positive classroom participation and performance in learning a foreign language. Participants of this study were 128 students who took a foreign language class at a high school in central Korea. To find out students' perceptions and attitudes toward the effect of using a digital application for their foreign language study, online questionnaire and focus-group interview were conducted. Our research findings revealed that these students could engage in active language learning and experience learning improvement while studying a foreign language with digital applications. The improvement was possible by creating more interactive activities and quizzes. In addition, the digital application provided students immediate feedback. It gave students and teachers various motivations beyond the traditional 'chalk and talk' format of text-only-classes. This study provides an overview of the usefulness of digital application. In addition, it provides understanding for students' perceptions and involvement using digital application in a foreign language classroom.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

We consider the single machine scheduling problem with a rate-modifying activity and time-dependent deterioration after the activity. The class of scheduling problems with rate-modifying activities and the class of scheduling problems with time-dependent processing times have been studied independently. However, the integration of these classes is motivated by human operators of tasks who has fatigue while carrying out the operation of a series of tasks. This situation is also applicable to machines that experience performance degradation over time due to mal-position or mal-alignment of jobs, abrasion of tools, and scraps of operations, etc. In this study, the integration of the two classes of scheduling problems is considered. We present a mathematical model to determine job-sequence and a position of a rate-modifying activity for the integration problem. Since the model is difficult to solve as the size of real problem being very large, we propose genetic algorithms. The performance of the algorithms are compared with optimal solutions with various problems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-26
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• 1970

That's an attempt to study about knowledge, attitudes and practice of the residents with regard to maternal child health, family, planning, and tuberculosis in rural area which was chosen to be a demonstration area for nursing students of College of Nursing, Yonsei University for their public health nursing practice. In addition, it is designed to collect information on population of the area such as age and sex distribution, mobility, and other characteristics also be sought by doing a census. The purpose of study is to obtain data which are needed for planning student learning experiences in the community. The information which was obtainable through this study is as follows; 1. In demographic aspect a. Population structure was a typical rural type in terms of population pyramid. b. Distribution of age and sex of residents showed more female in the older ages. c. Population has not moved much. Majority of them have been living in the area since their births. 2. In sociological aspect a. The level of education of female was comparatively lower than male. b. The residents of the area did not have any special religion. c. The economic status was found low or middle class. 3. In health practice In general health knowledge, attitudes and practice appeared to be poor. As a result of this study, it could be summararized that there are a great public health nursing needs in the community. According to these needs found and to it's nature, severity and massiveness, the nurse instructors with students were able to set up a priority system in services. Meanwhile student case load can be logically figured out in consideration of variety of experiences need for each student. The study helped student not only to find out resident characteristics and their health problems in terms of family and community problem but also to provide a good learning experience by participating in the interviewing. In sum this type of study is necessary for planning of student field experience when no data are available where students are going to have field experiences in public health nursing.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.17-33
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• 2018

This study investigates the stability of professionals' cost variability factor-rankings across different levels of cost-variability and response scenarios. Descriptive statistics are used to examine the stability of factor-ranking for 20 cost variability factors and a Multinomial Logistic (MNL) regression model was implemented to examine the stability of cost variability factors across three cost variability levels. The finding on the descriptive statistics indicated that professionals' factors-rankings are stable only for external factors. The MNL regression results on factor-stability suggested that 8 out of the 20 evaluated factors were unstable determinant of lower cost variability levels. These factors are "risk associated with the project", "personal bias and poor professionalism of the estimators", "limited time available to complete the project", "lack of skills and experience by estimator" "geographical location of projects", "incomplete & rush designs for estimate", "unforeseen or unexpected site constraints", "high class bidders for the contractors". Similarly lack of experience and large size projects were observed to be unstable as well. These observations suggest that professionals' view on pre-tender cost variability factor-ranking yields unstable factor rankings hence should not be relied upon as the only mechanisms to mitigate cost related risks in construction projects.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out what kind of difficulties teachers face in the management of the elementary gifted institutions in the rural area of Chungbuk province. In this study, rural area was defined that the area where gifted education is difficult to access due to geographical accessibility or where gifted education service is restricted. The participants of the this study were three elementary gifted teachers who manage elementary gifted education institutions and is teaching science to disadvantaged gifted students. We collected data about the difficulties and support needs for the management of the gifted institutions in the rural area through the questionnaire and the interview. The results of this study are as follows. First, the common difficulty that teachers expressed was the lack of parental attention and awareness of gifted education. Second, the teachers who participated in this study perceived different difficulties according to their area, experience, and environment. Teacher A is the lack of awareness of the managers, teacher B is the difficulty of student selection, teacher C is the most difficult factor in teacher quality management. This difference in perceptions also led to differences in the support improvements required by gifted class teachers in the rural area. Third, the three teachers commonly referred to difficulties to access due to geographical accessibility, and demanded the integrated management of the gifted class in the rural area and the support for the expansion of the class.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.618-625
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• 2019

When newcomer countries consider a nuclear power programme, it is recognized that the most important organizations are the Nuclear Energy Programme Implementing Organization (NEPIO), the regulator, and an operating organization. Concerning the number of construction delays these days, one of the essential organizations is an Authorized Inspection Agency (AIA). According to World Nuclear Industry Status Report, all of the reactors under construction in eight out of the thirteen countries have experienced delays. Globally, the Flamanville 3 project and Sanmen Unit 1 are 6.5 years and 5 years late respectively. One of the major reasons of delay is due to inappropriate manufacturing and inspection on safety class components. The recommendations are made to develop such an organization: (i) find existing inspection organizations in relevant industries, (ii) contract with expatriates who have experience on nuclear inspection, (iii) develop a legislative framework to authorize the inspection organization with enforcement, (iv) include a contract clause in the BIS for developing the AIA, (v) hold training programmes from vendor country, (vi) during manufacturing and construction, domestic AIA shall be involved.

• 중국학논총
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• no.71
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• pp.83-106
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• 2021

South Korean users of second language have been often heard such assessments as "you don't' have confidence" and "your writing is good, but your speech is poor." Some scholars have pointed out the teaching method as the cause. In other countries, the mainstreamargument is that students can have practical language experience in a more liberal atmosphere through small group-oriented classes rather than through teacher-centered whole-group activities in foreign language curriculums. Many teachers are using various learning tools or a combination of different teaching methods to minimize the shortcomings of the grammar translation method. However, unlike other studies, the present study focuses on improving the grammar translation teaching method itself.