• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.246.2-247
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• 2003

It has been reported that 2-bromopropane might be a causative agent for reproductive toxicity and have immunotoxic effects. 1-Bromopropane known as an alternative to ozone depleting solvents, which has structural similarity to 2-bromopropane, has been reported to be neurotoxic to rats in long-term inhalation exposure. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.173.2-174
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• 2003

Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have been thus classified as endocrine disruptors. Bioallethrin is one of the pyrethroids. synthetic derivatives of naturally occurring pyrethrins. These pyrethroids including bioallethrin have been developed as insectides due to their high insecticidal potency and low mammalian toxicity. Currently, bioallethrin is used to eradicate pests and insects in Korea, providing potential for human exposure. (omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.672-674
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• 1999

Cepacidine A was first identified as a novel antifungal antibiotic which was isolated from the culture broth of Pseudomonas cepacia AF200l. It showed a potent in vitro antifungal activity against various pathogenic fungi, but did not show any activity against bacteria. Recently, the immunosuppressive action of cepacidine A was discovered using an in vitro screening system involving inhibition of the proliferation of murine lymphocytes stimulated by 2 mitogens, and also by in vivo mouse models involving inhibition of delayed type hypersensitivity and SRBC hemagglutination. Cepacidine A showed a significant activity of cellular immunosuppression (ED/sub 50/) at concentration levels of 1-3 ㎎/㎏, i.p.. Unfortunately, the delayed toxicity at a dose of above 3 ㎎/㎏ i.p. was apparent.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Xenograft models of human cancer play an important role in the screening and evaluation of candidates for new anticancer agents. The models, which are derived from human tumor cell lines and are classified according to the transplant site, such as ectopic xenograft and orthotopic xenograft, are still utilized to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. The metastasis model is modified for the evaluation and prediction of cancer progression. Recently, animal models are made from patient-derived tumor tissue. The patient-derived tumor xenograft models with physiological characters similar to those of patients have been established for personalized medicine. In the discovery of anticancer drugs, standard animal models save time and money and provide evidence to support clinical trials. The current strategy for using xenograft models as an informative tool is introduced.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2001년도 학술 발표회 진행표 및 논문초록
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• pp.64-64
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• 2001

Escherichia coli has developed soxRS regulon to defend against toxicity of superoxide radical. SoxR, superoxide sensor, is oxidized by superoxide-generating agents or nitric oxide and oxidized SoxR activates the transcription of soxS gene. In order to find out the trans-acting factors regulating SoxR activity in vivo, soxS：：lacZ single copy operon fusion construct was prepared and random Tn10 insertional mutatons were performed.(omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1999

In this study, 75% ethanol extract from the flowers of Carthamus tinctorius was prepared and biological activities were examined. The extract showed the inhibitory activity of vascular smooth muscle contraction and antithrombotic activity judged by bleeding time measurement. It also showed anti-inflammatory and potent analgesic activities in vivo. By oral administration of the extract, no acute toxicity was observed up to 5 g/kg in mice and rats. All these results strongly suggest that this extract may be beneficial for postmenopausal disorder by enhancing blood circulation.

• 식물병연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2009

Cytochalasin E (CE) is a secondary metabolite secreted by Rosellinia necatrix, caused by white root rot, and has toxicity to apple as a toxin during disease progress. This study was conducted to demonstrate the relationship between the production of CE and its pathogenicity. CE producing isolates and non-producing isolates of R. nectatrix were isolated from the mycerial mat of diseased roots and was detected on that using a TLC and HPLC analysis and in vivo pathogenicity test. CE non-producing isolates were not pathogenic to apple roots and not detected CE by TLC and HPLC analysis. It was shown that the production of CE was related to the pathogenicity of R. nectatrix.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.316-316
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environment-friendly materials on garlic cultivation, and the methods for processing garlic at proper ripening stage to increase its antioxidant properties and market value. The functional properties of garlic and processed black garlic were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo. The ethanol extracts of garlic and black garlic were used in the antioxidant, linoleic acid autooxidation, lipid oxidation and RAW264.7 indicator cell using NO induced activity analyses. Also, toxicity tests by RBL-2H3 and RAW264.7 indicator cell using MTT assay were compared. Obesity inhibition test of garlic and black garlic were also studied.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

The process of drug discovery and development requires substantial resources and time. The drug industry has tried to reduce costs by conducting appropriate animal studies together with molecular biological and genetic analyses. Basic science research has been limited to in vitro studies of cellular processes and ex vivo tissue examination using suitable animal models of disease. However, in the past two decades new technologies have been developed that permit the imaging of live animals using radiotracer emission, X-rays, magnetic resonance signals, fluorescence, and bioluminescence. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of small animal molecular imaging, with a focus on nuclear imaging (single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography). These technologies permit visualization of toxicodynamics as well as toxicity to specific organs by directly monitoring drug accumulation and assessing physiological and/or molecular alterations. Nuclear imaging technology has great potential for improving the efficiency of the drug development process.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2012

Although most enterovirus infections are not serious enough to be life threatening, several enteroviruses such as enterovirus 71 are responsible for severe, potentially life-threatening disease. The epidemic patterns of enteroviruses occur regularly during the year, but they may change due to environmental shifts induced by climate change due to global warming. Therefore, enterovirus epidemiological studies should be performed continuously as a basis for anti-viral studies. A great number of synthesized antiviral compounds that work against enteroviruses have been developed but only a few have demonstrated effectiveness in vivo. No proven effective antiviral agents are available for enterovirus disease therapy. The development of a new antiviral drug is a difficult task due to poor selective toxicity and cost. To overcome these limitations, one approach is to accelerate the availability of other existing antiviral drugs approved for antiviral effect against enteroviruses, and the other way is to screen traditional medicinal plants.