• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 2002

IVIVC (In vitro/in vivo correlation) is useful for predicting in vivo results from in vitro data. The aim of this study was to develop IVIVC of sustained release diltiazem. For this purpose, three types of diltiazem tablets with different in vitro dissolution rates were prepared. An in vitro dissolution testing method comprising of paddle apparatus, 50 rpm, water as dissolution medium was developed. Under these condition, we demonstrated that AUCinf could be predicted by evaluating $d_{70%}$ (time dissolved 70%) in vitro since the in vivo AUCinf was correlated with the in vitro $d_{70%}$ (r=-0.9981).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 1998

In order to develop a desirable in vitro release which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability, hollow type suppository containing Propranolol HCl(PPH) powder in the cavity and conventional type suppository with dispersed PPH in the base were prepared. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as a base and PPH as a model drug were used for the preparation of suppository. The rates of drug release from the suppositories were studied by Paddle method, Muranish method, Dialysis tubing method and Rotating dialysis cell method. The release profiles from suppositories using the four different release tests were compared. After a rectal administration in rat, the mean $C_{max}$ of hollow type suppository was significantly lower than that of conventional type, but $T_{max}$, $AUC_{0{\to}12}$ and MRT of hollow type were significantly higher 1.6 times, 1.2 times and 1.9 times than those of conventional type, respectively. The computer program was used to simulate plasma concentration from in vitro released amounts of drug and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on comparison of the simulated bioavailability from computer program with experimental bioavailability in rat we have found out in vitro release test which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability. Our results have shown the best correlation between in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability in PPH-PVA hydrogel hollow type suppository for the paddle method and conventional type suppository for the rotating dialysis cell method. In this work we propose that PPH-PVA hydrogel suppository shows in vitro-in vivo correlation. This data should help to optimize the formulation of the drug and provide a basis for quality control procedures.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2005년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.187-189
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• 2005

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.528-528
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to develop the in vitro sun protection factor(SPF) test method having good correlation with in vivo method using human. 8% homomentyl salicylate, P3 reference standard and commercially available sunscreen products were measured by the in vitro method using SPF 290S analyzer, and the SPFs were compared with the SPFs measured by in vivo test method. In vitro SPFs of 8% HMS and P3 reference standard were 4.59 $\pm$ 0.12 and 14.94 $\pm$ 0.83. There are good correspondence, correlation coefficients were 0.9506 and 0.9769 respectively, between the in vitro and in vivo SPFs for the sunscreen creams and lotions. Correlation coefficients of makeup base/liquid foundation, lotion labled with "shake before use" and compact powder were 0.8812, 0.8632 and 0.5984 respectively. The optimum mixture ratio of compact powder and cream base represents 1:0.8. These results suggest that the in vitro SPF test method will be able to be used as an alternative method for in vivo SPF in case of lotion and cream.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-76
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• 1993

기기의 광독성 유발 물질 및 자외선 차단제 그리고 수종의 천연물에 대해 in-vitro 와 in-vivo에서 광독성 시험을 하였다. In-vitro시험은 C. albicans와 S. typhymurium TA 98을 이용 광독성 시험을 하였으며, 광조사는 시료, 시료와 미생물 모두 각각의 시료와 미생물 조사하는 방법을 사용하여 비교하여 보았다. 조사 방법에 따른 유의성은 관찰되지 않았는데, 제한된 시료를 사용했다는 것도 여러 원인 중에 하나가 될 수 있다. 한편 사용된 두 균주의 감수성은 C. albicans에 비해 S. typhimurium TA 98을 이용했을 때 높게 나타났고, S. typhimurium TA 98을 이용한 in-vitro method(Method I)와 in-vivo method를 시험 결과 측면에서 볼 때 상관 관계가 높게 나타났다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.407-416
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• 2003

In this study, we evaluate the correlation between in vitro and in vivo determination of SPF of sunscreen products containing various ingredients depending on emulsification system. For in vitro approach, we determined SPF by the method of Diffey and Robson using an TransporeTM tape(3M Health care, USA) and SPF 290-analyzer(Optometrics Co. USA). SPF values and standard deviations are calculated and displayed after completion of the run. In vivo SPF values are determined according to KFDA (the Korea Food and Drug Administration) method in panels of Fitzpatrick's skin type II or III. We investigated the difference in SPF data of sunscreen ingredient according to emulsification system. The in vivo SPF data is high in water-in oil(W/O) emulsion than in oil-in water(O/W) emulsion samples. The difference may be due to the particular behavior in each vehicles and its presence on skin surface may produce a different sunscreen film. We obtained the corrlation coefficient between in vitro and in vivo SPF data for O/W (R-squre=0.72 )and W/O emulsion(R-squre=0.77). From these results, we suggest the improvement of methodology using Transpore$^{TM}$ tape as substrate to increase the predictability of in vitro method.d.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2000

A biopharmaceutics drug classification system for correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability is proposed based on recognizing that drug dissolution and gastrointestinal permeability are the fundamental parameters controlling the rate and extent of drug absorption. The objective of this study was to assess whether in vitro dissolution profiles of immediate-release beta-blocker tablets can be correlated with intestinal membrane permeability and/or in vivo bioavailability In vitro dissolution of the beta-blocker tablets was examined using KP VII Apparatus II methods at various pH. Intestinal membrane permeability was determined in vitro using the diffusion chamber method. Bioavailablity parameters were cited from literatures. The dissolution profiles did not accurately represent the in vivo bioavailablity However there were good correlations between intestinal membrane permeability and log P (noctanol/buffer). The correlations obtained in this study indicated that in vitro diffusion chamber method could be used to predict intestinal absorption in vivo.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2002

인체실험(in vivo) 방법과의 상관성이 우수한 in vitro 자외선차단지수(SPF) 측정방법을 개발하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 표준자외선차단제인 8% homomentyl salicyate(HMS) 제제와 P3 reference standard 제제 및 기능성화장품중 자외선차단화장품을 사용하여 자외선차단지수측정기(SPF 290 analyzer)를 가지고 in vitro 자외선차단지수를 측정하고, 인체실험과의 상관계수를 구하였다. 8% HMS 제제 및 P3 Reference standard 제제의 in vitro SPF 결과는 식약청고시 2001-64호의 규정과 유사한 결과를 나타내었고, 크림 및 로오숀 제형에서는 상관계수 0.9506 및 0.9769로서 인체실험과 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. 메이크업베이스 및 리퀴드파운데이션, 사용시 흔들어 쓰는 로오숀, 압축분말은 각각 상관계수 0.8812, 0.8632, 0.5984를 나타내었으며. 압축분말의 도포를 위해서는 크림베이스와 1:0.8의 비율로 섞는 것이 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다 본 실험결과를 통해 사람을 이용한 자외선차단지수 측정방법을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 이 후 자외선차단 화장품의 품질관리에 적용하고, 고시개정의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2004

Two trials in vivo and in vitro were conducted, in vivo to determine the apparent digestibility of gross energy, crude protein, dry matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and apparent digestible energy in 10 corn by-products. In vivo the diets included one basal corn diet, four corn gluten meal diets, four corn distillers dried grains with solubles diets and two corn distillers dried grains diets using the different methods, 12 crossbred barrows weigh $40{\pm}$1.6 kg were allocated into individual metabolic crate, according to a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. In vitro using flask technique, filter bag technique and dialysis tubing technique, the digestibilities of gross energy, crude protein and dry matter in corn gluten meal and corn distillers dried grains with solubles were investigated. Pepsin, pancreatin, intestinal fluid, rumen fluid and cellulase were used in incubation. The results showed that correlation coefficient was 0.73 in corn distillers dried grains with solubles between the digestibility of crude protein and acid detergent fiber in vivo (p<0.01); and correlation coefficient was 0.68 in corn distillers dried grains with solubles between the digestibility of gross energy and neutral detergent fiber in vivo (p<0.01). Apparent digestible energy (DE) of corn by-products in pig total tract was predicted by the percentage of crude protein (CP) and the content of gross energy (GE) in feedstuff. The equation: DE=5,601.09+26.69$\times$CP %-0.5904$\times$GE, ($R^2=0.72$). In vitro, filter bag technique was more convenient; furthermore, the digestibility for the treatments (pepsin+pancreatin+rumen fluid and pepsin+pancreatin+cellulase) was better.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.97-100
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• 1997

These days, the raw materials that have the cell recovering effect are used commonly in cosmetics. In this study, six materials were rested for the characteristics of recovering effect both on vivo and in vitro. Tested raw materials were Soypol, 3-APPA, Apple extract, Polygonatum japonicum extract, Scutellarkd baicalensis extract, Aloe extract. Among these materials, Soypol and 3-APPA were synthesized and others were made by extraction at the Pacific R&D Center. Human forearm skin and cultured skin cell were damaged by sodium lauryl sulfare and then raw materials were applied for open treatment on SLS damaged human skin or cells. The recovering effects of raw materials in vivo were evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and erythema and in vitro effects of proliferationg cells were assessed by neutral red uptake assay. In the in vivo study, only the evaluation by TEWL showed correlation with the visual score. Our of six materials, 3-APPA had the most positive effect in both in vivo and in vitro studies and the correlation was r=0.8286 (p=0.042).