• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
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• pp.543-546
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• 2004

The melting temperature and critical temperature(Tc) of $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ with deferent content impurities of PbO and $BaPbO_3$ were studied. When the PbO was used as addition in $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$, although the melting point could be reduced, the superconductivity(the transition width, ${\Delta}T_c$) became poor. From the XRD pattern of the sintered mixture of $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ and PbO it was known that there is a reaction between $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ and PbO, and the product is $BaPbO_3$. In the process of the reaction the superconducting phase of $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ was decreased and in the sample $BaPbO_3$ became the main phase. Therefore the superconductivity was reduced. $BaPbO_3$ was chosen as the impurity for the comparative study. The single phase BaPbO3 was synthesized by the simple way from both mixtures of $BaPbO_3$ and PbO, $BaPbO_3\;and\;PbO_2$. Deferent contents of $BaPbO_3$(10%, 20%, 30%) were added in the $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$. By the phase analysis in the XRD patterns it was proved that there werenot reactions between $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ and $BaPbO_3$. When $BaPbO_3$ was used as impurity in $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ the superconductivity was much better than PbO as impurity in $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$. But the melting point of $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$ with $BaPbO_3$ could not be found when the temperature was lower than $1000^{\circ}C$ in the DTA measurement.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.794-797
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• 2002

Piezoelectric properties of PZT-PSN ceramics were investigated as a function of WO$_3$ addition from 0 wt% to 6.0 wt%. The dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics of PZT-PSN ceramics have been investigated at different calcination (80$0^{\circ}C$~90$0^{\circ}C$) and sintering (110$0^{\circ}C$~130$0^{\circ}C$) temperatures. The grain size was increased with the addition of WO$_3$and the sintering temperatures. Anisotropic properties of electromechanical coupling coefficient and piezoelectric coefficient are proven to be dependent on processing temperatures and amount of addition. At the specimen with 0.6 wt% WO$_3$ addition, using calcination temperature of 80$0^{\circ}C$ and sintering temperature of 110$0^{\circ}C$ , mechanical quality factor(Q$_{m}$) and electromechanical coupling coefficient(k$_{p}$) showed the excellent results of 1560 and 0.48, respectively Experimental results indicated that the PZT-PSN system ceramics with WO$_3$impurity could be effectively used for the microtransformer and actuator applications, etc.etc.

• 전기의세계
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.16-26
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• 1968

Cds is possible to add excess donors and to compensate partially using other group metals as acceptors. The impurities can ble incorporated either during crysta growth or by diffusion into a bulkcrystal. The addition of rimpurities leads also to the production of vacancies in a manner depending on the atmosphere surrounding the crystal during growth, during the diffusion process or using bulk. Cds of the mentioned above affects spectral sensitivity, speed of response, the variation on photocurrent, electron life time, and decay of photoconductivity with temperature and with intensity of illumination. In the work to be deseribed, these properties have been studied between liquid nitrogen and room temperature. In addition, the electron trap distribution has been correlated with speed of response, variation of photocurrent with temperature in various atmosphere. Four major trapping levels have been observed, and their identification with impurity and vacancy levels is discussed. And also the effects of lattice imperfections on the photoconductive properties CdS were investigated in detail.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.239-241
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• 1996

The energy gap of GaSe:$Er^{3+}$(5mol%) single crystals grown by the Bridgman technique displaced a direct energy gap at 1.79 eV and an indirect energy gap at 1.62 eV at $300^{\circ}K$ with the addition of Erbium. Also, an impurity optical absorption peak was found to have occurred at $6505\;cm^{-1}$. The peak identified the origin of the electronic transitions between the energy levels of $Er^{3+}$ ions when the addition of dopant.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2005

The effects of Mn and Cr on the crystallization behaviors of Fe-bearing intennetallics in A356 alloy were studied. Coarse and acicular ${\beta}-Al_{5}$FeSi phase in A356-0.20wt.%Fe alloy was modified into small ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Mn)Si and ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Cr)Si phases in response to Mn and Cr addition, respectively. Increasing of Mn addition amount elevates the crystallizing temperature of ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Mn)Si and the Mn/Fe ratio in the ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Mn)Si. Cr is more effective to modify ${\beta}-Al_{5}$FeSi in comparison with Mn. ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Mn)Si phase had BCC/SC dual structure.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

Fe and Si are common impurity elements in the aluminum alloys. In this investigation, the effects of the addition of Fe and Si on the age-hardening behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd casting alloys were examined through hardness measurements, calorimetric techniques and observation of the transmission electron microscopy. The addition of Fe depresses the formation of GPII and ${\theta}'$, and thus retards the peak aging time and reduces the peak hardness of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd alloys. On the contrary, the addition of Si accelerates the formation of GPII and ${\theta}'$ and thus accelerates age-hardening behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd alloys.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 1986

수용액중에 극미량의 Am의 거동이 pH변화에 따라 변화하는 것을 원심분리법으로 조사하였다. 이 연구에서 평형시간을 2~3주 연장, 방사성 코로이드 형성에 있어서의 시간효과를 조사하였다. 또한 실리카겔 및 Fe$^{3+}$ 등 외부 물질을 첨가하여 그 효과를 조사하였으며, 또한 진한 전해질물질의 효과도 아울러 조사하였다. 그 결과, pH 6에서 Am은 불순입자, 또는 용기벽과 이온 흡착과정으로 급속히 흡착이 일어났다. 외부물질의 첨가는 Am의 흡착을 촉진하였으며, 진한 전해질물질의 첨가로 흡착이 방해되었다. pH 7에서 Am은 pH 6조건과는 전혀 다른 거동을 나타내었다. 일부 Am은 용기 기벽에서 빠른 흡착이 일어났으며, 1~2일 후에 일부는 탈착되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1976

Flash Method로서 열에 관련된 물리적인 성질(밀도, 정압비열 또는 열확산 계수등)을 측정할 수 있는데 이 방법을 이용하여 핵연료의 열화산 계수를 상온(300k)으로부터 고온(1400 K)까지 측정하였으며 정압비열은 시차열용량법 (Differential Scanning Calorimeter)에 의하여 상온에서부터 500k까지 측정하였고 열전도 계수는 열확산 계수, 정압비열 그리고 핵연료의 밀도로부터 계산하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 낮은 온도(500k 이하)에서는 불순물의 정도(Impurity Level)에 따라서 열전도 계수가 크게 달라지기 때문에 중요시되지만 높은 온도(1000k 이상)에서는 불순물의 정도에 따른 열전도 계수의 변화가 근소함으로 그의 존재유무가 비교적 중요시되지 않는 Dielectric Material의 보편적인 경향과 완전히 일치하였다. Gd$_2$O$_3$를 첨가한 다수의 $UO_2$ Sample들에 대한 열확산 계수를 상온에서 측정하여 비교함으로써 이것을 재확인하였다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2018

AP(Ammonium Perchlorate, $NH_4ClO_4$)를 포함하는 복합화약조성의 등온가열시험시, 일정 순도 이하의 AP를 사용하는 경우 "bulged"현상으로 인해 등온가열시험 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 본 연구는 품질 혹은 순도에 따른 AP의 열적 안정성 차이에 대해 규명하기 위해 LOT 별 AP에 대해 DSC 결과를 분석하고, 그 분석결과를 등온가열시험 결과 및 ARC결과와 비교분석하였다. 또한 순도가 낮은 AP에 대해서는 재결정을 통해 포함된 불순물을 제거한 후 분석한 결과, 열적 안정성이 높아졌음을 확인하였다. DSC 고압팬을 사용하여 AP 순도를 결정하는 정량적 분석방법을 확립하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2010

Higher strength and fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel steels can be obtained by changing the material specification from that of Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel (SA508 Gr.3) to Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steel (SA508 Gr.4N). However, the operation temperature of the reactor pressure vessel is more than $300^{\circ}C$ and the reactor operates for over 40 years. Therefore, we need to have phase stability in the high temperature range in order to apply the SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel for a reactor pressure vessel. It is very important to evaluate the temper embrittlement phenomena of SA508 Gr.4N for an RPV application. In this study, we have performed a Charpy impact test and tensile test of SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel with changing impurity element contents such as Mn and P. And also, the mechanical properties of these low alloy steels after longterm heat treatment ($450^{\circ}C$, 2000hr) are evaluated. Further, evaluation of the temper embrittlement by fracture analysis was carried out. Temper embrittlement occurs in KL4-Ref and KL4-P, which show a decrease of the elongation and a shifting of the transition curve toward high temperature. The reason for the temper embrittlement is the grain boundary segregation of the impurity element P and the alloying element Ni. However, KL4-Ref shows temper embrittlement phenomena despite the same contents of P and Ni compared with SC-KL4. This result may be caused by the Mn contents. In addition, the behavior of embrittlement is not largely affected by the formation of $M_3P$ phosphide or the coarsening of Cr carbides.