• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.225-238
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine public health nurses for their morale, test the effect of each factor on the morale, determine the variables affecting the morale, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to the development of personnel affair administration for nurses. The survey on the nurses for public health centers was conducted for 10 days from April 23 to May 2, 2001; 96 nurses from Pusan, 101 from Kyonggi-do and 108 from Kangwon-do. The results of the study are as follows; 1. For the demographic variables, those aged between 31 and 39 accounted for the majority $(50.2\%)$ of the sample. $90.8\%$ was married, and $67.9\%$ of the sample graduated from junior colleges. $29.6\%$ of them had worked for 10-14 years and $62.5\%$ was of the seventh rank. $62.3\%$ of the nurses was recruited, and $59.4\%$ had chosen the public job for its guaranteed status. Half the nurses were working for the county population of which was more than 260 thousands, and $53\%$ of the nurses was serving the public health centers with 11-15 members. $47.3\%$ of them perceived that their living standard is middle or lower. 2. The degree of the moral was found as mean score. 2.65, which is interpreted as low. It has 11 factors. The rank of mean score of the factors is job satisfaction (3.36), sense of belonging (3.36), sense of recognition (3.30), stress due to supervision (3.13), degree of participation (3.05) and self-achievement (3.04), while those scoring lower points were assurance of status (2.58), pay level (2.53), working conditions (2.35) and promotion opportunity (2.31). 3. The degree of moral depending on the demographic variables was significantly affected by such variables as age. academic background, career, rank, employment method, motive for the job, size of the population served and living standards. 4. The result of the Stepwise multiple regression analysis for the morale factors, it was found that self-achievement accounted for $61\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale, followed by stable status $(18\%)$, working conditions $(8\%)$, job requirements $(4\%)$ and promotion opportunities $(2\%)$; these five factors explained about $94.6\%$ of total variance of the degree of nurses' morale. On the other hand. age $(8\%)$ and academic background $(2\%)$ accounted for $10\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale. 5. The factors affecting nurses' job life was economic need $(26.7\%)$, personnel management $(17.5\%)$, sense of recognition $(13.2\%)$, human relationship $(11.0\%)$, stable status and personal development in rank. On the other hand, the factors influencing on their possible resignation were children's bringing-up $(27.8\%)$, poor personnel management and promotion $(13.3\%)$, workload $(11.1\%)$ and little personal development $(8.9\%)$, Since such morale factors as promotion opportunity, working condition. pay level and stable status scored lower, it is required to reconsider those factors to improve nurses' morale.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.132-139
• /
• 2001

We considered the uniformity of fabricated micromirror arrays by characterizing the fabrication process and calculating the appropriate driving voltages of micromirrors used as virtual photomask in maskless photolithography. The uniformity of the micromirror array in terms of driving voltage and optical characteristics is adversely affected by factors, such as the air gap between the bottom electrode and the mirror plate, the spring shape and the deformation of the mirror plate or torsion spring. The thickness deviation of the photoresist sacrificial layer, the misalignment between mirror plate and bottom electrode, the aluminum deposition condition used to produce the spring and the mirror plate, and initial mirror deflection were identified as key factors. Their importance lies in the fact that they are related to air gap deviations under the mirror plate, asymmetric driving voltages in left and right mirror directions, and the deformation of the Al sring or mirror plate after removal of the sacrificial layer. The plasma ashing conditions used for removing the sacrificial layer also contributed to the deformation of the mirror plate and spring. Driving voltages were calculated for the pixel operation of the micromirror array, and the non-uniform characteristics of fabricated micromirrors were taken into consideration to improve driving performance reliability.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2010

The considerable increase of the elderly with dementia is expected annually and when we think about the family members' and the patients' suffering, it could be painful. Above all things, it imposes heavy economic burdens on the family members that have patients who suffer from diseases of age like dementia or paralysis that caring them at home and also, it is not desirable for those old people in point of physical or environmental circumstances for medical care. Thus, it is needed urgently that the expansion of specified facilities and improvement of services for these old people. Under this present condition, it is the special feature that the subject of research is people/facilities that offer services, not the elderly with dementia-the main user of those facilities. This proposal aims to make a study of expansion and improvement the old people's welfare facilities by using remodeled closed Small and Midium Hospitals which are the bad effect of economic growth. Also, it can save money with re-using abolished buildings which is property of the nation and protect environment too. In this study, We examine the present conditions of old people's welfare institution, and research a factor of remodeling for welfare facilities. Then we will verify remodeling-possibility which is concrete and working by using the product of this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2000

This study is to investigate the effects of cold forming method with steel sheet of SCP3C to improve continuous productivity. Experiments were carried out in various working conditions, such as the number of stamping and the punch temperature. The effects of the punch temperature and the number of stamping on drawability of steel sheet of SCP3C as well as clearance and draw-in in tile number of stamping were examined and discussed. The cooled the punch and the die and the blankholder heated by stamping were achieved at continuous productivity and quality improvement. The optimum forming condition for drawing trunk floor panel of SCP3C is shown as the punch is cooled by coolant of $-5^{\circ}C$ and at the same time both the die and the blankholder are heated by stamping and frictional heat,

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2014

A plant factory system is getting the spotlight as alternatives to cope with the weather anomaly and food crisis because of the global warming. A study on 'Plant Processing Factory System' has been proceeded to develope 'low-carbon green growth' since our government selected it as the green technologies in 2010. The plant factory has played a major role in growth industries connected to many other fields like low-carbon as well as lighting and automated system. This study is aimed to solve the problems on low productivity and health problem of plant workers caused by highly concentrated carbon dioxide and low temperature in each process in the plant factory. It is aimed to research data to understand the actual conditions of plant workers and improve the thermal environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2018

This paper suggests how to improve the fatigue strength of an axle shaft, which is the vulnerable part of an axle shaft system for a 3.5-ton commercial vehicle. The axle shaft is composed of a universal joint with a spider and yoke, yoke shaft, and so on. Structural analysis of the initial axle shaft was conducted to select the exact area for structural strength fatigue improvement, and as a result, the inner/outer yoke shaft and spider were selected. Four cases considered design variables, such as length and thickness, to verify the enhanced durability of the axle shaft, and fatigue analysis was conducted. Finally, we suggest that the axle shaft system satisfied the working conditions for a 3.5-ton commercial vehicle.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.57-80
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between an infant teachers' efficacy and job stress by demographic variables to provide the data for improving job conditions and teacher education. For this study, teachers who work in the childcare center located in Gyeongsangbukdo participated in a survey. The questionnaire was distributed from March 11. 2013 to March 29. 2013. The results were as follows; first, an infant class childcare teachers' efficacy was above average and general efficacy was higher than personal efficacy. There were significant differences in personal variable(age, marital status) and working condition(the type of facility, average working hours, average wage, the number of children). Second, an infant class childcare teachers' job stress was above average and that depended on the economy, the infant's parents, work, infant, individual, administration, and co-workers in decreasing order of influence. The job stress was significant differences in personal variable(age, martial status, experience, number of completed training) and working variable(the type of facility, average working hours, the number of children, average wage). These results indicate that improvement in the infant class childcare teachers' efficacy is more important than anything else in promoting their job conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2012

A dual loop waste heat recovery system with Rankine steam cycles for the improvement of fuel efficiency of gasoline vehicles has been investigated. A high temperature loop (HT loop) only recovers the heat of the exhaust gas. A low temperature loop (LT loop) recovers the residual heat from the HT loop, the coolant heat and the remaining exhaust gas heat. The two separate loops are coupled with a heat exchanger. This paper has dealt with a layout of the dual loop system, the review of the working fluids, and the design of the cycle. The design point and the target heat recovery of the HT boiler, a core part of a HT loop, have been presented. The prototype of the HT boiler was evaluated by experiment. For the performance evaluation of the HT boiler, inlet temperature of the HT boiler working fluid was set equal to the temperature degree of sub-cool of $5^{\circ}C$ at the condensing pressure. The exit condition was the degree of super-heat set at $5^{\circ}C$. The characteristics of the HT boiler such as heat recovery and pressure drops of fluids were evaluated with varying flow rates and inlet temperatures of exhaust gas under various evaporating pressure conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.8
• /
• pp.1178-1187
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to conduct a questionnaire survey on the actual conditions of the working uniform and protective equipment put on by street cleaners, then to identify their inconvenience and problems and to draw solutions to improve them, and finally to design a spring-and-autumn street cleaner uniform which has enhanced functionalities such as motional flexibility, safety and soil proof. The questionnaire survey of this study was done by street cleaners who were in charge of street cleaning and collecting the recyclable waste. The result of this study, easily worn-out parts of the working clothing were the sleeve hems and the front part on the upper uniform, and the trouser hems and zipper on the lower uniform. Easily soiled parts were the sleeve hems, parts of arm on the upper uniform, and the trouser hems and knee parts on the lower uniform. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, the sample uniforms were designed in consideration of material, design and pattern. A soil-proof material was used for easily soiled parts such as sleeve hems, knee parts and trouser hems. Reflective material was applied to the parts such as chest, back and the side lines of sleeves and trousers to raise visibility in working and to ensure safety. A crease was given to each side of the back. The height of sleeve cap was lowered to lift the motional flexibility of back and arm parts. Darts were applied to elbow and knee parts for a three-dimensional design. Gussets were inserted in the thigh part to give it activity. Then quantitative evaluation and a sensory evaluation, which was composed of outward appearance, motional flexibility and fitness for field operation, were conducted. According to these evaluations, the sample uniform was found to be more satisfactory than current uniform.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.396-407
• /
• 2023

Background: This study investigated the awareness and utilization of maternity protection and work-family balance support policies among dental hygienists in dental hospitals and clinics. Methods: We surveyed 200 dental hygienists. Twenty-two who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, leaving 178 participants for analysis. The self-administered 48-item questionnaire gathered information on demographics, workplace details, policy awareness, government knowledge, and suggestions for improvement. Results: Awareness of maternity and family support programs significantly differed with age, marital status, number of children, and clinical experience. Dental hygienists in general hospitals and university hospitals reported greater ease of utilizing these policies compared to those in dental clinics. Among the participants, 27.7% took pre- and post-maternity leave, 26.6% took parental leave, 16.9% had reduced working hours during pregnancy, 15.8% had reduced working hours during childhood,and 8.5% during family leave. To promote program uptake, participants suggested mandatory implementation across workplaces (68.4%), expanded support for substitute workers (48.6%), and increased education and promotion of government support (42.4%). Conclusion: While most dental hygienists were aware of the Maternity Protection and Work-Family Balance Assistance Policy, utilizing it proved challenging due to several factors. Organizational policies or practices may not fully implement this policy, while workplace culture could discourage its use. Unfair treatment and the lack of available substitutes further hindered access. To prevent career interruptions for dental hygienists due to pregnancy, childbirth, childcare, and family care, and to maintain career continuity, the dental community and government should establish a multifaceted social support system. This system should prioritize several key areas: strengthening policy promotion, fostering a family-friendly atmosphere, improving management and supervision of policy implementation and developing a robust support system for substitute personnel.