• 원예과학기술지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.787-791
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• 2000

고랭지 결구상추 기계정식시 두둑형상은 둥근두둑의 경우 두둑 폭 35-40cm, 두둑높이 15-20cm, 고랑폭 20-30cm이 적당하였다. 식부심은 4-5cm였으나 평탄정도가 불량한 곳에서는 정식기의 불안정으로 너무 깊게 심기거나 얕게 심기는 경우가 있었으며, 포장정식 후 충분한 관수로 적정수분을 유지할 수 있도록 하는 것이 중요하였다. 종합적으로 결구상추 기계정식시 정식노력 절감율은 관행대비 93% 이상 절감효과를 보였고, 재식거리는 1조식으로 $60{\times}20cm$ 또는 $60{\times}25cm$로 정식하는 것이 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.174-184
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• 1998

In order to accumulate fundamental. data for control of fishes’ behavior at the real fishing ground, the fitness of the numerical model for describing the behavior of fishes was examined by the marine fish. Mullet, Mugil cephalus were used as experimental fishes. The numerical model of fishes’ behavior presented in our earlier paper was modified on the vertical movement of fish school. For the comparision of parameters of the modified numerical model between mullet and rainbow trout, the estimated values of parameters were identified with dimension. The fitness of the modified numerical model was examined by the comparision between experiment and simulation on the several indexes represented by fishes’ swimming characteristics. The obtained result are summarized a follows : 1. The non-dimensional parameter a’ of propulsive force and kb’ of interactive force by the experiment without model net showed a similarity, but the non-dimensional parameter k sub(c’) of schooling force for rainbow trout was lager than one for mullet and the non-dimensional parameter k sub(w’) of repulsive force for mullet was lager than one for rainbow trout. 2. The non-dimensional parameter a’ and k sub(b’) for rainbow trout by the experiment with model net were a little lager than ones for mullet, but non-dimensional parameter k sub(c’) and k sub(w’) for mullet were lager than ones for rainbow trout. 3. The non-dimensional parameter k sub(c’) and k sub(b’) showed the largest and the smallest value among the non-dimensional parameters for rainbow trout and mullet, respectively. 4. The fitness of the modified numerical model was confirmed by means of the compulsion between experiment and simulation on the swimming trajectory of fishes, the mean distance of individual from wall, the mean swimming speed, the mean swimming depth and the mean distance between the nearest individuals. Especially, the similarity of mean swimming depth was improved by using the modified numerical model.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 기존에 사용되던 철선 TDR계측선의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 스테인리스 스틸과 열수축튜브를 이용해 개량된 TDR계측선을 개발하여, 함수비에 대한 민감도를 높이고 노이즈를 줄이며 내구성을 향상시켜 TDR시스템의 현장적용성을 높였다. 개량된 TDR계측선을 이용하여 실내에서 포화도 변화실험과 아크릴모형실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과 별도의 필터링 및 정량화 과정을 거치지 않은 초기 계측 그래프만으로 쉽게 포화, 불포화 및 건조구간을 파악할 수 있었다. 이후 대형 모형제방에 개량된 TDR센서를 설치하여 침투실험을 수행하였으며 그 결과, 실내시험과 같은 명확한 지하수 분포형태 파악이 가능하였으며, 침투 시간경과에 따른 각 구간의 지하수 분포변화를 파악할 수 있었고 손쉽게 모형제방의 침윤선을 작도할 수 있었다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-90
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• 2006

Medical clinics are core institutes that cover the primary medical care in Korea. Financial viability of the clinics is essential for them to conduct their roles and functions, and can be improved by increasing their operating profitability. On this ground, this study aimed at finding important factors that affect the operating profitability, and thereby at suggesting strategic alternatives that can contribute to the improvement of the profitability. Operating margin was set as a dependent variable, and such factors as general management conditions, number of visits, medical revenue, marketing activities, input resources, medical cost as independent variables. Nineteen hypotheses related to the variables were established and tested using data collected from 138 sample clinics for the year 2003. The results of the study are as follows : Firstly, such variables as percent ratio of the depreciation plus rent costs to total administration costs, type of clinical department manifested whether medical, surgical, or quasi-surgical, percent ratio of the interior facility investment to total fixed assets, and total number of outpatient visit are important factors that affect, positively or negatively, the medical profitability of the clinics. Secondly, following measures are needed to be established and implemented to improve the medical profitability. (1) Administration costs share 53.2% of the total medical costs, and depreciation plus rent costs 16.3% of the total administration costs. This implies that such measures as reinforcement of marketing activities, establishment of the cooperative utilizing system of the facility and equipment, or group practice are needed to increase cost-effectiveness. (2) Occupancy rate of the clinics with inpatient bed is as low as 45.5%, causing high fixed costs and low medical profitability. For its improvement, the resource input structure should be reorganized. Thirdly, in the future, a study that can increase sample representativeness of the study and explanation power of the variables should be performed for each type of clinical department to find more specific determinant factors and to contribute to the improvement of the medical profitability of the clinics.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1998년도 터널.암반역학위원회 박사학위 논문집
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• pp.153-204
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• 1998

Prediction of lining loads due to tunnelling is one of the major issues to be addressed in the design of a tunnel. The objective of this study is to investigate rational and realistic design loads on tunnel linings. factors influencing the lining load are summarized and discussed. The instruments for measuring the lining loads are reviewed and discussed because field measurements are often necessary to verify the design methods. Tunnel construction in the City of Edmonton has been very active for storm and sanitary purposes. Since the early 1970's, the city has also been developing an underground Light Rail Transit system. The load measurements obtained from these tunnels are compared with the results from the existing design methods. However, none of the existing methods are totally satisfactory, Therefore, there is some room for improvement in the prediction of lining loads. The convergence-confinement method is reviewed and applied to a case history of a tunnel in Edmonton. The convergence curves are obtained from 2-D finite element analyses using three different material models and theoretical equations. The limitation of the convergence-confinement method is discussed by comparing these curves with the field measurements. Three-dimensional finite element analyses are performed to gain a better understanding of stress and displacement behaviour near the tunnel face. An improved design method is proposed based on the review of existing design methods and the performance of numerical analyses. A specific method or combination of two different methods is suggested for the estimation of lining loads for different conditions of tunnelling. A method to determine the stress reduction factor is described. Typical values of dimensionless load factors nD/H for tunnels in Edmonton are obtained from parametric analyses. Finally, the loads calculated using the proposed method are compared with field measurements collected from various tunnels in terms of soil types and construction methods to verify the method. The proposed method gives a reasonable approximation of the lining loads. The proposed method is recommended as an approximate guideline for the design of tunnels, but the results should be confirmed by field measurements due to the uncertainties of the ground and lining properties and the construction procedures, This is the reason that in-situ monitoring should be an integral part of the design procedure.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.236-239
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• 2010

Hot tub lung is a lung disorder associated with exposure to hot tub water contaminated with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, it may be considered hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) rather than an infectious disease. We report a case which fulfilled the current diagnostic criteria of hot tub lung. A patient had worked as a cleaner in the public bath for approximately one year and presented with dyspnea for over one month. The computed tomographic finding of bilateral ground glass attenuation and pathologic finding of granulomatous inflammation were consistent with HP. MAC was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and hot tub water. After corticosteroid treatment without antimycobacterial medication, the patient improved and there has been no recurrence. The patient has since discontinued working in the public bath.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2008

박리성 간질성 폐렴은 흡연가에 호발하는 비교적 드문 미만성 간질성 폐질환이다. 박리성 간질성 폐렴은 치료에 대한 반응과 예후가 좋은 질환이나, 재발하는 경우가 있고 치료기간이 명확히 정해져 있지 않으며, 심한 섬유화가 동반되는 경우는 드문 질환이다. 저자들은 흉부 전산화단층 촬영에서 견인성 기관지확장증과 초기의 벌집모양 폐 소견과 함께 미만성 간유리혼탁화를 보이는 환자에서 흉강경하 폐 조직 검사로 박리성 간질성 폐렴을 진단하였고, 치료 종결 후 재발한 박리성 간질성 폐렴을 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.2042-2049
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• 2019

Ten gizzard and three flesh samples of the broiler were collected from different locations in Tehsil Gujar Khan District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were dried, crushed and ground. Pellets were prepared by pressing the powder of the samples and that of the Bovine liver 1577c reference material obtained from NIST, USA. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) installed at National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan has been used as a reliable and improved technique to determine concentration of various major/trace and toxic elements e.g. S, Cl, K, Ca, Cl, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Ti, Cd, Ga, Cr, V and Ni, in the Gizzard and Flesh samples of the broiler. The concentrations of all the detected elements in the samples are statistically significant. The certified and measured values of the elements in the reference material were in agreement with each other within a deviation of 7%. S, Cl, K and Ca are within tolerable limits and are good for human consumption. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were more than the acceptable limits of World Health Organization, WHO whereas Ga, As, Sn, Sb and Pb are not detected in most of the samples.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.987-997
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• 2014

The mature landfill leachate, which is characterized by a high concentration of ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and humic acid (HA), poses a challenge to biotreatment methods, due to the constituent toxicity and low biodegradable fraction of the organics. In this study, we applied bioaugmentation technology in landfill leachate degradation by introducing a domesticated $NH_3$-N and HA resistant bacteria strain, which was identified as Bacillus cereus (abbreviated as B. cereus Jlu) and Enterococcus casseliflavus (abbreviated as E. casseliflavus Jlu), respectively. The isolated strains exhibited excellent tolerant ability for $NH_3$-N and HA and they could also greatly improved the COD (chemical oxygen demand), $NH_3$-N and HA removal rate, and efficiency of bioaugmentation degradation of landfill leachate. Only 3 days was required for the domesticated bacteria to remove about 70.0% COD, compared with 9 days' degradation for the undomesticated (autochthonous) bacteria to obtain a similar removal rate. An orthogonal array was then used to further improve the COD and $NH_3$-N removal rate. Under the optimum condition, the COD removal rate in leachate by using E. casseliflavus Jlu and B. cereus Jlu increased to 86.0% and 90.0%, respectively after, 2 days of degradation. The simultaneous removal of $NH_3$-N and HA with more than 50% and 40% removal rate in leachate by employing the sole screened strain was first observed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2006

To investigate the effects of independent suspension technology(IST) of hiking boot on the stability and load of foot, eight participants performed medial and lateral drop landing from 33.4cm height and 85cm distance to uneven surface while wearing normal & IST hiking boots. For the stability of foot during the drop landing, the balance angle & suspension angle and rearfoot angle was analyzed using high-speed video analysis. Also kinetic analysis using the force plate and insole pressure measurement was conducted to analyze vertical & breaking ground reaction force and pressure distribution. Not only the balance angle & suspension angle but also rearfoot angle was improved with IST boots for lateral drop landing. These results indicate the IST boots may have the suspension function which keeps the foot to be stable during landing. However the IST boots did not show any effect for medial landing. This might be related to the hardness of medial part of outsole. Therefore the softer outsole of medial part could be recommended. Furthermore the impact force & breaking force and insole pressure were reduced with IST boot. These results means that IST boot has not only cushioning effect but also good grip effect. Therefore the hiking boots applied the independent suspension function may help to reduce fatigue and prevent injury such as ankle sprain in hiking on uneven surface.