• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

Tunnelling in poor and heterogeneous ground is a difficult task. Even with a good geological investigation, uncertainties with respect to the local rock mass structure will remain. Especially for such conditions, a reliable short-term prediction of the conditions ahead and outside the tunnel profile are of paramount importance for the choice of appropriate excavation and support methods. The information contained in the absolute displacement monitoring data allows a comprehensive evaluation of the displacements and the determination of the behaviour and influence of an anisotropic rock mass. Case histories and with numerical simulations show, that changes in the displacement vector orientation can indicate changing rock mass conditions ahead of the tunnel face (Schubert & Budil 1995, Steindorfer & Schubert 1997). Further research has been conducted to quantify the influence of weak zones on stresses and displacements (Grossauer 2001). Sellner (2000) developed software, which allows predicting displacements (GeoFit$\circledR$). The function parameters describe the time and advance dependent deformation of a tunnel. Routinely applying this method at each measuring section allows determining trends of those parameters. It shows, that the trends of parameter sets indicate changes in the stiffness of the rock mass outside the tunnel in a similar way, as the displacement vector orientation does. Three-dimensional Finite Element simulations of different weakness zone properties, thicknesses, and orientations relative to the tunnel axis were carried out and the function parameters evaluated from the results. The results are compared to monitoring results from alpine tunnels in heterogeneous rock. The good qualitative correlation between trends observed on site and numerical results gives hope that by a routine determination of the function parameters during excavation the prediction of rock mass conditions ahead of the tunnel face can be improved. Implementing the rules developed from experience and simulations into the monitoring data evaluation program allows to automatically issuing information on the expected rock mass quality ahead of the tunnel.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2005

Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), which produced during the process of silage, metal etching, explosives, rocket fuels, welding, and by-product of burning of fossil fuels, is one of major components of air pollutant. Accidental exposure of high level of $NO_2$ produces cough, dyspnea, pulmonary edema which may be delayed $4\~12$ hours and, in $2\~6$weeks, bronchiolitis obliterans. We experienced a case of acute pulmonary injuny induced by industrial exposure to high level of $NO_2$ during repair of $NO_2$ pipeline in a refinery. A 55-year-old man experienced nausea and severe dyspnea in 6 hours after $NO_2$ inhalation. Initial blood gas examination revealed severe hypoxemia accompanying increased alveolar-arterial O2 difference. Radiological examination showed diffuse ground glass opacities in both lung fields. Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, including radiological study and pulmonary function test were improved with conservative treatment using inhaled oxygen and bronchodilator. and there was no evidence of bronchial fibrosis and bronchiolitis obliterance in chest high resolution computed tomography performed 6 weeks after exposure. Here, we report a case of $NO_2$ induced acute pulmonary injuny with a brief review of the relevant literature.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2005

오가피(Acanthopanax senticosus)로부터 영양 및 기능성 성분의 열수추출 수율을 증대시킬 수 있는 방법을 개발하기 위하여 추출 전처리 및 방법의 효과를 검토하였다. 오가피를 분쇄, 체질$(8\~20\;mesh)$하고 초음파(20 kHz), 마이크로파 (2,450 MHz) 또는 볶음$(180^{\circ}C)$ 처리를 10분 동안 실시한 후 물을 용매로 상압$(100^{\circ}C)$ 추출과 가압$(121^{\circ}C)$ 추출을 각각 2시간 동안 실시하였다. 전반적으로 전처리는 성분들의 추출수율과 유리기 소거능을 증가 시키는 경향을 보였다. 특히, 가용성 고형물, 총당 및 페놀성 물질의 추출수율은 마이크로파와 초음파에 의해, 단백질의 추출수율과 유리기 소거능은 볶음처리에 의해 더욱 증가됨을 보였다. 상압추출보다 가압추출에 의해 가용성 고형물, 총당, 단백질 및 페놀성 물질의 추출수율이 증대되는 경향을 보였다. 이로써 초음파, 마이크로파 및 볶음 전처리 및 가압추출은 오가피의 추출효율 향상에 유효한 방법인 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if auditory cues velocity has a greater effect on the gait pattern of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) than the cues applied individually. METHODS: The subjects were 15 elderly patients diagnosed with PD, 15 healthy elderly persons. Patients were measured of three conditions performed in random order: slow, general, fast. The auditory cue velocity consisted of a metronome beat ${\pm}20%$ than the subject's general gait speed. Using a motion analysis and a force platform measurement system, changes in spatiotemporal variables, kinetic and kinematic variables were compared to gait analysis. RESULTS: Comparison between the auditory cues velocity, there was a significant difference in the spatiotemporal variables with regard to the cadence, stride length, support time, step length, double support time (p<.05). Comparison between the auditory cues velocity, there was a significant increase general and fast velocity gait than slow velocity gait in the maximum flexion in swing phase of knee joint (p<.05). There appears to be the aspect of an increasing ground reaction force (GRF) on the first peak in the vertical axis (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Auditory cues velocity improved of spatio-temporal factors, kinematic and kinetic factors depending on the velocity of the faster. Therefore at the rehabilitation training of PD patients auditory cues velocity would be used for recovery and gait reeducation, may arise through the patients functional ability.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2000

Recently, our circumstances are threatened by an accident that leakage of under ground storage tank and illegal dumping of synthetic organic compounds at chemical plants and many treatment methods, Activated carbon adsorption, Ozonization, Membrane filtration and Photocatalystic oxidation, are developed to remove such a synthetic organic compounds. And it has reported that Activated carbon adsorption have a great removal efficiency to nondegradable matters and organic compounds which have a high molecular weight. Comparing with other adsorbents, Activated carbon adsorption have a worse efficiency when ad desorption speed is low. Thus improved type of adsorbents was invented and one of those is Activated Carbon Filter. The purpose of this study was getting information about adsorption characteristic phenol which can be applied Activated Carbon Fiber and Granular Activated Carbon. In detail, With comparing removal characteristics of phenol in the presence Humic Acid using Activated Carbon Fiber(ACF) and Granular Activated. Carbon(GAC), it is to certify an effective application of Activated Carbon Fiber. At the range of this study, Batch test, Isotherm adsorption test and Factorial analysis, following conclusion were obtained from the results of this study. Batch test was carried to know time of adsorption equilibrium. In this study about time of adsorption equilibrium by ACF was faster than GAC's, for developed micropore of ACF. From the result of phenol adsorption test, High removal rate of adsorption is shown at pH 5. The result of lsotherm adsorption test, it has represented that the Freundlich's isotherm is most suitable one in others, that a ACF's adsorption capacity is more excellent than GAC's. Adsorption of phenol exiting humic acid is decreased getting raised humic acid concentration. Since ACF's micropore is developed at this time, an effect of high molecular humic acid is lower. Factorial analysis was carried to know about Main effect which was injection dosage of adsorbent in the range of this study.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2018

Most of aged water supply pipes have been replaced by the open cut method. However, this method has some limitations because water pipes, in many cases, are buried together with other underground facilities or are buried in the middle of high-traffic roads or in narrow alleyways where boring machines cannot be used. This research developed a pipe bursting device for small diameter pipes that enables pipe replacement without excavating the ground, by the busting of existing buried pipes followed by the traction and insertion of new pipes. As a results of examining the field applicability of the developed device, PE pipes and PVC pipes required the tractive force of 413.65~665.69 kgf and 457.43~791.35 kgf respectively, plus an additional 30 % tractive force per elbow. The proper number of bursting head was demonstrated that the connection of more than 2 heads could secure a stable bending radius of 15D. The developed device can be improved through field experiments involving various pipe types and pipe diameters, as well as presence/absence of elbow, so as to be utilized regardless of diverse variables according to the conditions of the soils surrounding existing pipes.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2015

In an attempt to find the improvement of the fishing efficiency according to the hull form remodeling for the 3 tuna purse seiner, the Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUE) for that undertaken before (2008) and after (2010) was analyzed. In addition, the CPUE of 6 similar ships operated same period and same fishing ground. As result, it came to verify that the three modified ships had a significant value on the CPUE. An another index for the improvement of fishing efficiency is the rate of reduction of fuel oil consumption for the modified ships. Fuel oil consumption per day in service speed as comparing with the original ships were reduced 2.1%, 4.0% and 5.1% on the modified ship A, B, and C respectively. And each ship's service speed was increased 1.0 kt, 0.6 kt, and 0.4 kt according to the modified ship A, B, and C in due order. In the conclusion, the remodeling job with newly equipped bulbous bow, lengthened slipway and enlarged rudder area were improved fairly much on fuel oil efficiency, the ship's speed, and in the end, that led to the improving fishing efficiency. Hence, the remodeling of tuna purse seiner come to improve not only the fishing performance, but contribute to the reduction of operating cost by saving energy for the fisheries industry.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2007

폐농양의 치료 중에 발생하는 기질화 폐렴은 흔하게 관찰 되는 소견은 아니다. 기질화 폐렴은 특별한 원인 없이 발생하기도 하지만, 감염의 치료 과정에서 이차적 기질화 폐렴이 발생 할 수도 있다. 본 증례는 62세 남자 환자에서 폐농양을 치료하는 과정에서 발생한 기질화 폐렴을 경기관지 폐생검을 통해 확인하고 부신피질 호르몬을 투여로 효과적으로 치료한 예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2016

위성통신은 상공에 있는 인공위성을 통신의 중계기로 이용한 통신 방법으로 통신 범위가 광범위하고 고속 데이터를 전송할 수 있어 차세대 통신으로 각광받고 있다. 하지만 지상과 위성 간의 거리가 멀어 전파 지연 시간이 매우 길고 패킷이 손상된다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 패킷 손상을 보완하기 위하여 Link Relay H-ARQ 방식을 적용하였다. 또한, 지연 시간을 보완하는 새로운 방식인 Modified Link Relay H-ARQ 방식을 제안한다. 위성통신의 채널 구현을 위해 Markov 채널을 적용하여 성능을 분석해 본 결과, Link Relay H-ARQ 방식을 적용한 경우 BER과 PER 성능이 향상되고, Modified Link Relay H-ARQ 방식을 적용한 경우 Throughput 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 내장형 안테나의 일종인 IFA 구조를 이용하여 433MHz용 소형 능동 RFID 안테나를 제안하였다. 제안한 안테나에서 급전점과 단락스트립 사이의 간격 변화, 복사기에 미엔더 라인 구조를 삽입, 복사기와 접지면 사이 간격 변화를 주어 안테나 성능을 개선하였다. 안테나 파라미터 특성에 확인하기 위하여 ANSYS사의 HFSS를 이용하였다. 433MHz 능동형 RFID 주파수 대역은 433.67-434.17MHz이다. 제작한 안테나는 433MHz 능동형 RFID 대역에서 반사손실 -9.54dB이하의 값을 가지며, 최대 안테나 이득은 -4.28dBi임을 확인할 수 있다. 제안한 안테나의 전체 지그 크기는 $72{\times}44{\times}1mm$이고, 안테나 부분은 $35.5{\times}19.5mm$이다. 안테나의 측정결과와 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교하여 분석한 결과, IFA 구조를 이용한 소형 433MHz 안테나의 실용화 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다.