• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2000

Sustainable development has been the key concept, both in economic policies and in environmental management. On the basis of an systems ecology perspective, this suggests the sustainable development of Korea\`s natural environment and economic activity using the EMERGY evaluation. The total EMERGY use(7,730E20sej/yr) in Korea is 81 percent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. The ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources is already large, like other industrialized countries. Continued availability of purchased inputs at a favorable balance of EMERGY trade, currently about 2.85 to 1 net EMERGY, tis the basis for present economic activity and must decrease as the net EMERGY of purchased inputs including fossil fuels goes down. EMERGY yield ratio and environmental loading ratio were 1.23 and 20.30, respectively. The population level is already in excess of carrying capacity. Its carrying capacity for steady state on its renewable sources is only 2.2 million people, compared to 45.9 million in 1977. EMERGY sustainability index is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. Until now the development of a country has been achieved by the economic growth, but it can be sustained in the long run by the use of renewable resource systems. the efficiency of energy usage, and the transformation of the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1122-1129
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• 2001

Underwater wet arc welding process was experimentally investigated by using the six types of flux coated electrodes of 3.2 mm diameter and the KR-RA steel plate of 11 mm thickness as base metal. Two types of electrodes were domestic covered arc welding electrode(CR13, CR14) and another two types of wet welding electrodes(UWCS, TN20)were imported goods, and the other two type (UWX1, UWX2) were individually designed flux coated electrodes for experimental welding purpose. Main experimental results are summerized as follows: 1. It is ascertained that individually designed flux coated electrode(UWX1) could be used in practice with KR-RA steel plate for underwater wet arc bead welds. 2. Welding arc can be generated easily and considerably kept in stable using TN20 and UWX1 electrodes. 3. The micro Vickers hardness value and the portion of martensite in the HAZ were increased in all the electrodes by rapid cooling rate, but it is relatively maintain stable for UWCS, TN20 and UWX1 electrodes.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2004

Normally, the single wall(SW) corrugated board has more advantages than double wall (DW) corrugated board in terms of the cost of the materials and logistics. For instance, the SW corrugated board has 3 layer papers whereas the DW corrugated board has 5 layer papers. The thickness of the SW is about 5mm, but that of the DW is 8mm. Accordingly, the SW corrugated board is quite more used in the developed countries than the DW corrugated board. But in Korea, the DW corrugated board is quite more used. The reason why more DW corrugated board are used than the SW corrugated in Korea is that in order that the SW corrugated board has the same box compression strength as DW corrugated board, the cost of the SW corrugated board is higher than that of the DW corrugated board because the virgin kraft liners are all imported from overseas. In this study, the physical properties such as flat crush strength and column crush strength of typical SW corrugated board and single wall dual-layer medium corrugated board and their costs were analyzed. The analysis resulted in that single wall dual-layer medium corrugated board has the same thickness as the SW corrugated board but the more flat crush strength and column crush strength and the less cost than the SW corrugated board.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.357-367
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• 1997

The success of apparel goods mainly depends on the purchase behavior of end use consumers. The decision making processes of apparel merchandise are very complicated according to the many information cues available to the consumers. The country-of-origin is one of the extrinsic cues to affect the consumers 'decision. To study the effect of country -of-origin, the Polo style knit shirts were chosen as stimuli to the male and the female subjects (total 527) aged from 18 to 35. The identical nine shirts (3 countries$\times$3 levels of price) were carefully manipulated for the treatments. The three countries labelled are Italy as industrialized country, China as less developed one, and Korea. In addition to the country-of -origin, the prices of the shirts were exposed to the respondents. The price levels were 14,000 won for the low, 39,000 won for the moderate, and 64,000 won for the high price level. The findings were as follows: 1) As price was increased, the perceived value and purchase intention were decresed. Price was not statistically significant to perceived quality, but it was significant to perceived value and willingness to buy. 2) The merchandise of "Made in Italy" was evaluated higher than those of "Made in Korea" and "Made in China" The country-of-origin had statistically significant influences on the perceived quality, perceived value and also willingness to buy. 3) The interaction between the two factors, country-of-origin and price, was not observed.n and price, was not observed.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.351-380
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• 2010

Multinational Enterprises set the prices for transactions between affiliates based principally on their global interest. But the customs authority in Korea wants to set the arm's length price as high as possible to get higher dutiable value for customs purpose, while the internal tax authority in Korea prefers lower arm's length price to get higher value for corporation tax purpose by cutting costs. Problem caused by the inconsistent valuation methods on the same imported goods of the two tax authorities is the single most important tax issue facing multinational enterprises. In the meantime, the customs authority in Korea has thought that it is a universal trend worldwide for the Customs and Internal tax authorities to adopt different methods of valuation on transfer prices between related parties, so KCS couldn't accept APA prices. But the internal tax authority in Korea has taken the initiative in APA program so NTS provided taxpayer with safe-harbor. Recently, KCS created the Advance Customs Valuation Arrangement(ACVA) provisions in the 2008 revision bill of the Customs Act through benchmarking APAs program. Can APAs work for customs? Neither WCO or OECD presents any recommendation on the integration of the valuation methods, but calls for close cooperation between two authorities, which still leaves taxpayers very unstable. We will start to seek ways to integrate the customs valuation and transfer pricing in this study.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2010

An emergy analysis of the main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems consists of environmental energies, fuels, and imports, all expressed as solar emjoules. Total emergy use (371 E20 sej/yr) of the Western Nakdong River Basin is 97 per cent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. Emergy flows from the environment such as rain and geological uplift flux accounted for only 2.9 percent of total emergy use. Emergy yield ratio and environment loading ratio were 1.03 and 33.27, respectively. Emergy sustainability index, a ratio of emergy yield ratio to environment loading ratio, is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. It is necessary for an efficient management of Western Nakdong River Basin to reduce pollution load basically and to restructure economic activities into an environmental friendly industrial structure depending on renewable energy and resources.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.203-224
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the protection measures for the importer's interests through the utilization of electronic delivery order(e-D/O) with the implementation of trade facilitation measures such as the simplification of customs procedures by the Korea Customs Service. The Korea Customs Service has been introducing several custom facilitation measures through the use of EDI system in the export and import processes. Korea has also already achieved a comparable level of sophistication in trade automation and custom simplification field. However, the full benefits of the trade automation and custom simplification measures have not yet achieved through the frequent illegal delivery of the imported goods in the bonded areas. Therefore, it is argued in this study that the introduction and the full utilization of e-D/O would help to reap the trade automation and custom simplification measures in Korea. In conclusion, it is emphasized that it would be very crucial for the Korean government to introduce the trusted repository for distribution of the electronic trade-related documents and the construction of the one stop single window platform for the trade and customs facilitation.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2020

LCD BLU의 CCFL 전극에 사용되는 몰리브덴 전극의 주요소재인 몰리브덴 컵과 몰리브덴 핀은 국내 가공기술이 개발되지 못하여 전량 일본에서 수입하여 사용되고 있어 CCFL 제조업체들의 납기 및 경쟁력에 부담을 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 LCD BLU의 CCFL 전극에 사용되는 몰리브덴 핀의 제조 기술을 개발하는 연구로 직선처리 기술개발, 몰리브덴 와이어 표면처리 기술개발, 와이어 절단기술 개발, 몰리브덴 핀의 제작, 검사용 JIG와 Fixture 설계 및 제작, 몰리브덴 핀 시제작 및 해석, 몰리브덴 핀 전수검사 기술개발에 관한 연구를 수행하였으며 본 논문에서는 몰리브덴 핀 제작에 있어 전수검사기 융합설계에 대한 연구를 다루고자 한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2008

This research aims to examine and analyze behavior of consumers in pursuit of safety the basis of data Korea Consumer Agency in 2007 2,000 male and females older than 20 years old in Korea. In particular, this study investigates the impact of and life styles of consumers in pursuit of safety. Results of this research could be summarized as follows. First of all, Korean consumers tend to place emphasis on factors such as price and freshness rather than safety in the purchase of vegetables, meats, rice, and fruit.Second, the safety consciousness of consumers is high among female young consumers among consumers showing intermediate positions for the issue of opening domestic markets for foreign agricultural products. Third, this study also examines the impact of life styles on consumers' behavior in pursuit of safety. Such behavior is high among consumers emphasizing values on family and current consumption and showing negative attitudes opening domestic markets for imported foreign agricultural products. Finally, behavior in pursuit of safety is high among female, high school graduated, family-oriented consumers and valuing leisure and showing negative attitudes opening domestic markets for foreign agricultural products. However, safety consciousness of consumers do not generate direct impact on patterns of pursuing safety.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 1994

This study is concerned with the slsl 瑟瑟. The identity, origins of the word, kinds, the place of production, and the sues of he sl sl were examined. The world sl sl means the sapphire. The Chinese word se se(seh seh), 瑟瑟 was derived from the Hebrew word, she she meaning marble. The use, meaning and the phonetic value of the sl sl between the Chinese and the Hebrew were the same each other. It indicates that the Chinese word se se(seh seh) was the transliteration of the Hebrew word she she. The sl sl were produced in the Middle East Asia and the sl sl used in ancient China was mainly originated from the Middle East Asia. The sl sl of Silla was also the sapphire and it was an article of the imported goods from the Middle East Asia. Women of Jin gol(true bone) were not use the sl sl as a material to decorate for their combs and headdresses. Also women of yuk du pum (six du pum) were prohibited to use the sl sl as a material for their combs. It indicates that the privilege to use the sl sl for a comb and in a head dress was restricted to the queen in Silla and it remained as a symbol of nobility and dignity.