• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.29 no.2 s.43
• /
• pp.233-250
• /
• 2003

We often use the KCID(Korean Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary) and ICID(International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary) within cosmetics research and within their export and import. so far, we do not have a database of a cosmetics' raw materials. Because of this, we consume a lot of time to find the raw material data that is needed. This study constructs a cosmetics' raw material database and develops the program to retrieve it. We used a Linux machine as the equipment for this study and we used Apache web server, MySQL database server and PHP as the tools of this study. 11,817 kinds of raw materials data were registered as ICID, 866 kinds of raw materials data were registered as KCID and 28,008 kinds of raw materials data with registered trade name into the database. Also, The database was composed of the database of the association form. The database of the online form could ultimately reduce the task time as soon as it did its purpose. The product of this study can become a good basis of data to reconfigure. In the future, it can become a good database in relation with different databases.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2014

In this study, the domestic supply & demand of the raw materials of 35 rare metals was analyzed categorized as four types - ores, metals, compounds and scraps. Foreign trade volumes of the raw materials of rare metals have been steadily increased, furthermore, recently trade growth rate highly exceeds GDP. The raw materials of rare metals - silicon, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, etc. - for steel industry were the most big part of the raw materials of rare metals trade, while the raw materials of rare metals for electronics industry were imported relatively small volumes less than $100 million. However systematic supply & demand management on the raw materials of rare metals for electronics industry is needed since recently growth rate per year has been remarkably high over 20%. Import volumes were about three times bigger than export scale, and most of the raw materials of rare metals were traded as a metal form.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.360-365
• /
• 2003

In this paper, GMDH(Croup Method of Data Handling) algorithm which is proved to be more excellent in efficiency and accuracy of practical use of data is applied to electric power demand forecasting. As a result, it became much easier to make a choice of input data and make an exact prediction based on a lot of data. Also, we considered both economy factors(GDP, export, import, number of employee, number of economically active population and consumption of oil) and climate factors(average temperature) when forecasting. We assumed target forecast period from first quarter 1999 to first quarter 2001, and suggested more accurate forecasting method of electric power demand by using 3-step computer simulation processes(first process for selecting optimum input period, second for analyzing time relation of input data and forecast value, and third for optimizing input data) for improvement of forecast precision. The proposed method can get 0.96 percent of mean error rate at target forecast period.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2019

Recently, the United States and China have declared a 25% retaliatory tariff for the partner country products of 50 billion dollar scale. "Trade war" is getting full swing. Such conflicts between economic powers may spread to Japan like the domino phenomenon following the EU (European Union) and become bigger in the global trade war. As a result, Korea has an economic system with a high degree of external dependence, and there is an expert's analysis that it will become the largest victim of the global trade war. If the WTO Dispute Settlement Authority approves this US 301 retaliation measure in the same way as the past case (US-EU hormone-treated beef imports), the United States will not import any Chinese imported products Chinese products) can be imposed. If the US launches a special 301 or super 301, which is stronger than the regular 301, then China is very likely to enforce US retaliation against it, and the trade war between the two countries could become a reality. This phenomenon is likely to have a negative impact on Korean companies. In particular, Korea, which is highly reliant on intermediate goods exports to China, is expected to suffer a great deal of damage. Therefore, Korea needs flexible response at home and abroad, it is necessary to enhance the autonomy of companies and protect export industries. Adjusting corporate tax rate as well as domestic industry height will be one way. The long-term (21 months) trade war between the United States and China has resulted in economic uncertainty. The resulting damage must be compensated. It is necessary to prepare the compensation through the economic council between countries. In the future, the punitive damage compensation system should be introduced.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 2015

CISG provides a uniform framework for contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States. In 2004 South Korea became the 63th State around world to adopt CISG. Starting next year CISG goes into effect as the law that governs the contracts for international sale of goods, in respect of which CISG displaces the existing domestic civil and commercial codes of Korea. By its provision Article 1(a), CISG applies directly between Contracting States without reference to private international law. As South Korea's biggest trade partners including China, the U.S. and Japan are also parties to CISG, the number of such direct applications continuously increases. Now it is estimated, though roughly, that CISG governs about two-thirds of Korea's import and export trade of goods. The private survey of the author shows that up to now in South Korea there are 39 court cases decided by the first instance courts, 29 cases by the appellate court and six cases by the Supreme Court of South Korea. In nearly all these cases, CISG applied directly. Furthermore, currently CISG is, in several respects, influencing upon the revision of Korean civil code which is designed to modernize it: The revised draft published in 2013 adopts the rules on the revocation of offers provided in articles 15 and 16, the rule on the termination of offers provided in article 17 and the rule on the time that an acceptance takes its effect provided in article 18 of CISG. More importantly, in accordance with the rules taken by CISG, the revision draft no longer requires the existence of fault or negligence on behalf of the breaching party in order for the aggrieved party to void the contract, and the revised draft denies the right of avoidance for trivial, not fundamental, breaches of contract.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.95-111
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to draw out the trade effect of the Korea ASEAN FTA by carrying out a panel analysis. For achieving such a purpose, Panel Unit Root, Panel Cointegration Test, Pooled OLS, Hausman Test, Fixed Effect, Random effect are performed. The last 15 years's data over the period of 1997 to 2011 concentrated on the ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore, Thai, Vietnam is used in this study. Major implications are summarized as following. First, our government need to maximize the effect derived from conclusion of FTA(Free Trade Agreement) in order to enhance the competitive edge through obtaining a stable foreign market. Second, it necessary for our government to improve a national system by orienting a FTA conclusion complying with WTO's product and service-related regulation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.113-190
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to perform empirical studies on the impact of pollution intensity on international competitiveness using 1993 and 1998 data, and to estimate the change in environmental regulation level faced by the firms during 1993~1998. Collecting relevant data and providing them for further studies in the area are another purposes of the paper. The first method is the regression of various indices of international competitiveness on factor costs, such as labor, capital, R&D and pollution abatement costs. Goal of the regression analysis is to estimate the scarcity and comparative advantage effect of each production factor, especially environmental resource. Regression results show that those industries which employ more environmental resource have higher comparative advantage in both years, which implies that Korean firms are endowed with abundant environmental resource compared to other countries. The second method is to compute the relative scarcity indices(HOVL indices) of production factors, proposed by Leamer based on Vanek's generalized Hecksher-Ohlin Theorem. This method estimates the relative scarcity of production factors by computing factor costs embodied in import and export of commodities. This method shows similar results as the regression method; i.e., trade pattern of production factors implies that the manufacturing sector in Korea is endowed with abundant environmental resource compared to other countries. Considering population density, water resource endowment, intensity of economic activity per unit area and current air and water pollution levels, it is evident that Korea is never endowed with abundant environmental resource compared to other countries. Then the abundance of environmental resource revealed by the trade patterns of commodities and production factors implies that Korea's environmental regulation level is excessively generous compared to environmental capacity, and that this increased the environmental resource endowment supplied to firms and thus distorted the inter-industry comparative advantages. Both regression and HOVL methods, on the other hand, show that overall environmental regulation level faced by the firms has been strengthened during 1993~1998.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2006

Together with the trend of enhancement in domestic industrial development and economic progress due to import and export, the demand for construction of the roads, bridges, especially port facilities, and several coastal protection and ocean structures is increasing rapidly. MOMAF of Korean Government is driving construction of 9 new ports and renovation of the existing fishery ports. Among these structures most of bridge base, wharves, dolphins, quays, and jetties are being newly built of steel or concrete pile. As the base, supporting bulkheads, and piles are underwater after construction, it is difficult to figure out the status of structures and not enough to get maintenance and strengthen the structures. Every year, moreover, these works suck the government budget due to higher incomplete maintenance expense for protection from corrosions of structures and increased underwater construction period. for the purpose of cutting down the government budget, it is necessary to extend the life cycle of the existing structures. We developed a new method for maintenance of submerged structures near the waterline by allowing dry work environment with the floating caisson. The method shows easy to move around the working area and handle. It also showed not only a significant reduction of maintenance expenses and time for anti-corrosion work but also better protection. This will be a milestone to reduce the maintenance and construction expenses for the shore and water structures.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 2015

Port is responsible for the important role that creates a lot of value-added export and import-intensive countries, critical infrastructure, and in the national economy. Despite being an important facility for the past, awareness of the port is insufficient; In 2000s, increasing the world container traffic volumes, China's economic development, and trade volume in the Northeast Asia to generate a lot of are changing the perception of the role and importance of the port. According to the review of the master plan and the port recognition in Korean Port, this study examines determining factors which affects the port cargo volume. The target of the study is domestic small and medium-sized container port that receives a large hinterland cargo volume, excluding the impact of the Global Hub Port like Busan and Gwangyang port. Factors that affect the multiple regression analysis result of the port cargo volume are berthing capacity, degree of activation, connection number of countries, GRDP and number of manufacturers.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2000

Geographical Information System (GIS) is composed of hardware, software, data, and methods. Among the components, data is considered to be the most important factor in GIS. In this paper, we describes HVF, the most recent technology pioneered by GIS researchers. HVF is a format for efficient usage of spatial object in order to express, save and transform in Internet GIS. Fist, we describe the definition of HVF syntax, then the implementation of Header Section Generation Module and Main Section Generation Module through the API. Second, we develop a spatial object converter for HVF to transform figures into data structures, which are compatible among different GIS applications. For this purpose, we design and implement three units of modules, which are File Manipulation, HVF Import and HVF Export Module. Since the issues of network traffic and Hangul processing in Internet GIS are important, we expecially consider development of HVF in terms of spatial data size.