• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.41 no.8
• /
• pp.786-796
• /
• 2008

This study examined the influence of the nutrient intake status, dietary habit, and academic stress of elementary school children on their academic achievement. Two-hundred and twenty-four fifth-graders in Bucheon-si, Gyeonggido were surveyed. The study included the 24 hr-recall, anthropometric measurement, assessment of stress level and academic achievement. The subjects were normal in height, weight and Rohrer index, but higher percentage of underweight was seen in girls and vice versa in boys. The overall nutrient intake and dietary habits were fairly good, but Ca and folate intake was less than 75% KDRIs and dietary habits of boys were inferior. Academic stress level of all the subjects was not high. In terms of academic performance and its relations with nutrient intake, the more the amount of nutrient intake, the higher the academic performance. Especially, it was true for the energy, protein, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-6 fatty acid intakes (p < 0.05). The overall academic performance was higher for those who eating-out less frequently. Children with higher comprehensive dietary habit scores have shown better academic performance (p < 0.05). Less stress implied to those shown higher academic achievement while those with relatively poor academic performance showed high stress level since their grade did not improve as much as they anticipated. In conclusion, the academic achievement was higher for those who have a better nutritional status, better dietary habits, and lower stress levels. Therefore, it is critical for nutritionists, parents, and teachers to improve the nutritional status and dietary habits as well as to help them manage their stress levels, which will eventually contribute to an enhanced academic performance.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.184-232
• /
• 2000

The trend of the concept for modern medicine is gradually forwarding to preventive medicine from therapeutic medical science. One of the most remarkable characteristics of oriental medicine is that it attaches greater importance to preventive medicine scientifically. The basic theory of oriental medicine principally takes roots in Huang Di Nei Jing and it is Si Qi Tian Shen Da Lun that is deep-rooted in the principle of "growing life" grounded in theory of unity of heaven and man of oriental medicine. Therefore having translated annotation of 〈Si Qi Tian Shen Da Lun·Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen〉 which is quoted frequently and using it for appendix and comparing each views of annotators, I would like to state the results of dissertation as below. 1. Si Qi Tian Shen of title of the paper means that it keeps our health and prevent diseases in advance to control our mind and rhythm of life to the change of Yin and Yang - that is, the grower Yin, the looser Yang - following four seasons of nature environment. 2. The summary of this dissertation is that spring means things newly sprout from old ones, things become profuse, beautiful and brilliant in the summer. Autumn stands for things is harvested and allocated evenly and finally things is closed and stored. That is, in the spring and summer. If one break this principle of growth, diseases are followed after this. Therefore an excellent physician should handle diseases before they are attacked not remedy them after outbreak of diseases. It is said that a sage governs the nation before it is put into confusion. 3. These four terms standing for each season describe definitely and realistically rural life in the agricultural environment, in other words, spouting in spring, growing in summer, harvesting in autumn, storing in winter. Going with the current of the times, they have developed to theoretical concept of getting, growth, harvest, store so that implied the principle of growth for four seasons. 4. It means in a concrete way "Yang would grow in the spring and summer and Yin would grow in autumn and winter" as follow. That is, when the day is long, things act energetically and emit the warmth of life and expand the vigor of growth. On the other hand, when the night is long, things lessen their activity to protect the warmth of life and to preserve the sprit of growth. In addition, we should be concerned about the work outward and try to concretely fulfill plan of business in spring and summer. It is in autumn and winter when we should grow Yin. It does not mean that we simply grow cold yin in our body to build Yin. But according to annotators, for example, Wang Bing stated that we need to make things be cool in spring and summer, and be warm in autumn and winter for improvement. Zhang Jie Bin noted that things should not be cold in spring and summer and not be too hot to improve in autumn and winter. Those principles theorized to unify physiological status into the principle of changing of Yang and Yin in the nature and enriched the contents. In these principles, no problems are not found logically somewhat.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.497-503
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a program geared toward improving elderly people's oral function. After a program was provided to the selected elderly people free of charge for three months, they were asked to rate their own oral function to see whether they underwent any changes after their participation in the program, and their oral function was tested to obtain objective data. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS WIN 18.0. The findings of the study were as follows: As for changes in their self-rated indicators of oral function, they faced less troubles in most of the oral function items after they participated in the program, and there were statistically significant differences in some of the items. As a result of making an objective evaluation of their oral function, they underwent a little change in salivary flow rate from 1.19 to 1.30, though the change was not statistically significant. In terms of opening, they showed a statistically significant rise of scores from 4.22 to 4.53, and they also showed a statistically significant rise of scores in pronunciation from 30.52 to 38.88. Regarding satisfaction with the program, they gave 4.48 to the program, which implied that they were greatly satisfied with the program. The abovementioned findings suggest that oral health experts and program providers should try to encourage elderly people to keep on taking oral health programs with interest. Currently, oral exercise programs are conducted in some public health centers and in the field of clinical dentistry, and it's required to offer more oral exercise programs as community exercise programs for the elderly.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.69-114
• /
• 2010

This study investigates the voluntary corporate disclosure of environmental information via stand-alone environmental reports or company web-sites. Quality of disclosure was assessed using the content analysis index proposed by Clarkson et al. (2008) based on GRI guidelines. Descriptive statistics on disclosure scores by category suggest that the level of disclosure is low relative to the expectation implied by the GRI reporting guidelines, and points to the need for improvement in the future. Specific areas where improvement is required include the disclosure of environmental performance indicators. Corporate environmental performance was measured in terms of the percentage of toxic wastes that was treated or processed by each firm and economic performance, by industry-adjusted annual return, which was subject to a series of association tests designed to explore the interrelations among environmental disclosure, environmental performance, and economic performance. The individual equation approach based on OLS procedures suggests a positive association between environmental performance and the level of discretionary environmental disclosures, which is not the case between environmental and economic performance. An integrated analysis using simultaneous equations approach does not indicate any significant relationships among three constructs, suggesting the lack of endogeneity, inconsistent with Al-Tuwaijri et al. (2004). Additional analysis assesses the level of environmental disclosure made in footnotes to the audited annual reports, which suggests that the quality of disclosure is very low and that footnote disclosure does not serve as a meaningful channel for the provision of corporate environmental information.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.97-115
• /
• 2022

The study aims to explore a new direction for research on buttons by understanding the functions and artistic features of buttons on Western clothing in the 18th and 19th centuries, and to use the findings to develop a textile design. In terms of the research method, the period was set in the 18th and 19th centuries, when decorative features and artistic values of buttons on Western clothing reached theirpeak, while theoretical analysis was made based on literature and previous research papers on Western clothing, websites of the Metropolitan Museum and French Museum of Decorative Arts and other website materials, as well as special exhibition materials of the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. Textile designs were developed using computer programs, including Clip Studio Paint and Adobe Photoshop, by integrating the reinterpreted motif of buttons in the 18th and 19th centuries and the styles that prevailed at that time. The results are as follows. First, buttons on Western clothing had the following three functions: a practical function, a symbolic function representing the wearer's status, and a decorative function expressing individuality and beauty. Second, buttons in the 18th century were works of art made with various handicraft techniques and were an important medium that expressed the wearer's fashion sense. In addition, buttons in the 19th century were mass-produced as a result of industrialization and took a major step forward with the development of materials and dyeing. Buttons reflected themes of poetry, drama, biblical stories, music and art, lifestyle,, along with the political and social atmosphere that rapidly changed after the revolution and fashion trends. Third, the artistic features and shapes of buttons were reinterpreted to create a design motif, and the design was developed reflecting the characteristic elements of the rococo style of the 18th century and the art nouveau style of the 19th century that can conform to modern fashion, thereby rediscovering the artistic meaning and value implied in buttons. In the future, the research on creative buttons of 20th century artists is expected to be conducted from various perspectives.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.330-341
• /
• 2006

This study investigated whether science museum field trips over a duration of 7 months would effect student preference and awareness of science museums. 32 eighth and ninth graders were sampled from a middle school in Seoul and asked about their preference, awareness and the effect of the science museum visits both before and after a field trip. Findings showed a preference for science museums which dealt with themes and topics of student interest. After a field trip, student responded that science museums were information providers which yielded opportunity to explore forthcoming science feats, science in everyday life, developmental histories of science and technology, science-related news, social issues, and science rationale. Even though science museums in Korea leave much to be desired in terms of quantity and quality, field trips were positively received by students. This reception and its usefulness implied that expansion publizing and active use of formal/informal education relating to science museum facilities need to be top-priority business.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2017

Despite high uncertainty on financial return, firms have continuously increased their investment on technologies because they recognize the potential value of technology investment in terms of enhancing operational efficiency and sustaining competitive advantage. Notably, an individual technology investment pattern or strategy within an industry may ultimately lead to significant differences in business performance. Hence, we first categorized technology investment into traditional research and development investment and information technology investment. Afterward, we examined the effects of each pattern with combination of the two types of technology investment on business performance according to firm size and position in the supply chain through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Data collected from 562 manufacturing firms in Korea were used in the analysis. Results showed that large-sized firms were slightly affected with microscopic patterns in their technology investments, whereas small firms were highly affected with their technology investment patterns and their positions in the supply chain. The findings implied that a small enterprise requires an appropriate technology investment strategy to achieve successful business outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 1990

A statistical model to predict soil temperature from the ambient meteorological factors including mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures, precipitation, wind speed and snow depth combined with Fourier time series expansion was developed with the data measured at the Suwon Meteorolical Service from 1979 to 1988. The stepwise elimination technique was used for statistical analysis. For the yearly oscillation model for soil temperature with 8 terms of Fourier expansion, the mean square error was decreased with soil depth showing 2.30 for the surface temperature, and 1.34-0.42 for 5 to 500-cm soil temperatures. The $r^2$ ranged from 0.913 to 0.988. The number of lag days of air temperature by remainder analysis was 0 day for the soil surface temperature, -1 day for 5 to 30-cm soil temperature, and -2 days for 50-cm soil temperature. The number of lag days for precipitaion, snow depth and wind speed was -1 day for the 0 to 10-cm soil temperatures, and -2 to -3 days for the 30 to 50-cm soil teperatures. For the statistical soil temperature prediction model combined with the yearly oscillation terms and meteorological factors as remainder terms considering the lag days obtained above, the mean square error was 1.64 for the soil surfac temperature, and ranged 1.34-0.42 for 5 to 500cm soil temperatures. The model test with 1978 data independent to model development resulted in good agreement with $r^2$ ranged 0.976 to 0.996. The magnitudes of coeffcicients implied that the soil depth where daily meteorological variables night affect soil temperature was 30 to 50 cm. In the models, solar radiation was not included as a independent variable ; however, in a seperated analysis on relationship between the difference(${\Delta}Tmxs$) of the maximum soil temperature and the maximum air temperature and solar radiation(Rs ; $J\;m^{-2}$) under a corn canopy showed linear relationship as $${\Delta}Tmxs=0.902+1.924{\times}10^{-3}$$ Rs for leaf area index lower than 2 $${\Delta}Tmxs=0.274+8.881{\times}10^{-4}$$ Rs for leaf area index higher than 2.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.75-102
• /
• 2006

Three experiments were conducted using a verification task to examine good and poor readers' generation of causal inferences(with because sentences) and contrastive inferences(with although sentences). The unfamiliar, critical verification statement was either explicitly mentioned or was implied. In Experiment 1, both good and poor readers responded accurately to the critical statement, suggesting that both groups had the linguistic knowledge necessary to the required inferences. Differences were found, however, in the groups' verification latencies. Poor, but not good, readers responded faster to explicit than to implicit verification statements for both because and although sentences. In Experiment 2, poor readers were induced to generate causal inferences for the because experimental sentences by including fillers that were apparently counterfactual unless a causal inference was made. In Experiment 3, poor readers were induced to generate contrastive inferences for the although sentences by including fillers that could only be resolved by making a contrastive inference. Verification latencies for the critical statements showed that poor readers made causal inferences in Experiment 2 and contrastive inferences in Experiment 3 doting comprehension. These results were discussed in terms of context effect: Specific encoding operations performed on anomaly backgrounded in another passage would form part of the context that guides the ongoing activity in processing potentially relevant subsequent text.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2017

Application of organic resources to agricultural land can increase crop yield by improving soil characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of crop yield and soil physical properties including aggregate stability to application of organic resources in upland. The soybean was cultivated in a sandy loam field and a clay loam field located at Suwon and a sandy loam field located at Pyeongchang. The organic resources used in this study were rice straw compost (RSC), composted pig manure with sawdust (CPIG), composted poultry manure with sawdust (CPM), and cocopeat applied before sowing crop. Application rate of organic resources was determined based on carbon content and water content. The inorganic fertilizers were applied based on soil testing. In addition, the decomposition of RSC, CPIG, and cocopeat was characterized by isothermal incubation with sandy loam soil. The decomposition rate was highest for RSC followed by CPIG and cocopeat. Organic resource application increased yield of soybean, which effect was greater in clay loam than in sandy loam. In addition, increase in gas phase proportion by organic resource application was distinct in clay loam soil compared with sandy loam soil. In terms of aggregate stability, increasing effect was more obvious in sandy loam soils than in a clay loam soil. The highest yield was observed in RSC treatment plots for all the fields. Improvement of soybean yield and soil physical characteristics by cocopeat was not as much as that of the other organic resources. The results implied that RSC could be recommended for promoting aggregate stability and crop yield in upland cultivation.