• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2016

합리식은 유역 면적, 강우강도와 토지이용 또는 표면형태에 따라 결정되는 일정한 범위의 유출계수로 이루어져있다. 2011년에 개정된 하수도시설기준에서는 5~10년 재현기간의 설계홍수량을 증가하기 위해 재현기간을 10~30년으로 조정하였다. Ponce, ASCE 등은 재현기간(강우강도)이 클수록 큰 유출계수를 적용할 것을 제시하고 있으나, 재현기간의 상향조정에 따른 유출계수의 증가에 대하여서는 현재 조정되지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 토지이용 및 표면형태에 많은 차이를 보이는 공원을 대상으로 불투수면적비 변화와 설계확률년수 조정에 따른 유출계수를 추정하고자 한다. 첫째, 20개 도시에서 무작위로 선정된 1,004개 공원을 대상으로 표면형태별 면적비를 구하여 유출계수를 추정하였다. 둘째, 재현기간 조정에 대한 영향은 재현기간 10년에 대한 30년의 유출계수비를 69개 기상관측소 지점에 대하여 지속기간별로 구하였다. 이에 따라, 표면형태의 차이와 재현기간 조정을 고려한 재현기간 10~30년 에 대한, 공원의 유출계수는 0.43~0.54의 범위를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 지역적 편차와 지속기간별 편차는 크지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2004

Many of today's environmental problems are regional in scope and their effects overlap and interact. The purpose of this paper is to developed a simple method for an integrated assessment of environmental conditions across the Mid-Nakdong River Region, by combining data on land use, impervious cover, roads, streams, riparian areas, forest patches, population, pollutant loadings, soil erosion and topography. A cluster analysis was used to identify groups of sub-watersheds with similar environmental characteristics. The mean value for each group was used to find watershed that may be more vulnerable to future environmental degradation. Watersheds in cluster I and II had high amount of forest, but the amount of riparian vegetation was low. Watersheds in cluster III, which located in the middle Geumho River and the main course of Nakdong River, had a greater proportion of their agriculture, a greater proportion of agriculture on steep slopes, and less forest adjacent to streams. Watersheds in cluster IV and V were in the most urbanized areas of the region. The principal adverse impacts for watersheds in this group were high scores for urban area, impervious cover, pollutant loadings, population density, forest fragmentation, and low amounts of forest and riparian forest cover. Notwithstanding the exploratory nature of cluster analysis, it appears to be a useful tool for grouping watersheds with similar environmental characteristics.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

The recent emphasis on ecological urban development has led to the need to maintain a hydrologic cycle in urban areas. As such, this study proposes decentralized rainwater management, a concept of onsite rainwater management that involves the utilization, infiltration, detention, and retention of rainwater. The main objective of this research is to estimate the proportion of decentralized rainwater management that is needed. From the research that was conducted in this study, it was found that the total runoff quantity increases by 10-20% after district lands are developed, when the probable rate of precipitation every 10 years is within this range. Thus, the runoff rate can be reduced by 10~20% of the total runoff quantity through decentralization. On the other hand, in the scale of housing complex development, the total runoff quantity increases by as much as 10~40% due to the changes in the rate of the impervious surface area. If 10-40% of the total runoff quantity was processed through decentralized rainwater management, the rate of infiltration, detention, retention, and runoff in precipitation prior to development could be recovered.

• 지역연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2019

도시의 개발과 고밀화는 도시공간의 기온이 주변지역보다 높아지는 도시열섬(Urban Heat Island)현상의 원인이 되고 있으며, 도시열섬현상은 기후변화와 함께 그 강도가 증가하고 있다. 이와 더불어 여름철 도시의 대기온도가 상승할 때 소득이 낮은 계층, 고령인구, 건강에 문제가 있는 사회적 취약계층은 높아진 열환경에 대처할 수 있는 능력이 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 서울시의 열섬지역을 공간통계 기법인 Hotspot 분석을 통해 도출하고, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용하여 열섬지역의 물리적 환경과 인구 및 사회경제적 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 서울시 423개 행정동을 대상으로 동별 평균 대기온도를 이용하여 도시열섬 Hotspot 분석을 실행한 결과, 서울시 중구, 종로구, 용산구, 영등포구에서 도시열섬 지역이 집중적으로 분포하는 것을 확인하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 열섬지역의 물리적 환경 특성을 분석한 결과, 주거시설 연면적 비율, 상업시설 연면적 비율, 용적률, 불투수면 비율, 정규화식생지수(NDVI)가 열섬지역에 영향을 미치는 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 또한, 열섬지역의 인구 및 사회·경제적 특성을 고려한 열환경 취약지역을 분석한 결과, 기초생활수급자 비율, 독거노인 비율, 기초생활수급을 받는 독거노인 비율 등이 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시열섬현상에 영향을 미치는 물리적 환경변수를 도출하고 사회적 취약계층의 공간적 분포와 도시열섬지역이 중첩되어 있는 지역을 판별함으로써 향후 취약계층을 고려한 도시 열환경 설계와 정책 개발에 있어 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.84-95
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• 2006

This study begins by examining the reason for the lack of urban planning that takes the water cycle into consideration. While there are institutions that support environmentally friendly development or smooth water circulation, these designs are not reflected in planning nor in the real world. After reviewing foreign case studies, policy suggestions and possible policy implications for Korea are derived. In Korea, there is not a sufficient level of relevant laws or institutions systematically established to make it possible to deal with rainwater in a decentralized way. Instead, facility standards or guidelines are considered separately for the control of water and for preventing natural disasters. And even though an environmentally friendly approach is stipulated in relevant laws in terms of spatial planning, there are no planning systems or implementation tools to actualize this kind of approach. The factors that make decentralized rainwater management possible in urban planning are analyzed based on the case study of Germany. Germany requires developers to plan in order to achieve ecological urban development. In addition, as a detailed implementation tool to promote conservation of the water cycle, the law provides for various kinds of measures such as restrictions on the proportion of impervious surface area according to the use of the land, required compensation measures for environmental degradation following development, introduction of a fee for rainwater runoff and the establishment of ecological landscape planning. The actual reason these measures can be implemented however is the provision of planning guidelines and design criteria for rainwater utilization, absorption and containment, and the construction of a database for various environmental information.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.563-571
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• 2017

Because of the rapid progress of urbanization in recent decades, the proportion of impervious areas in cities has increased. As a result, hydrological properties of urban streams have changed and non-point pollution sources have increased, that have had considerable influence on human life and ecosystems. To manage these situations, application of non-point pollution reduction facilities and LID facilities are expanding recently. In this study, it is investigated if rainfall interception rate used in design of non-point pollution reduction facilities can be applied to design of LID facilities. For this purpose, EPA SWMM is constructed for part of Noksan National Industrial Complex area wherein long-term observed storm water data can be obtained and storm water interception rates for various design capacities of a bio-retention LID facility reservoirs are estimated. While sensitivity of storm water interception rate according to design specifications of bio-retention facility is not large, sensitivity of storm water interception rate according to regional rainfall characteristics is relatively large. As a result of comparing present rainfall interception rate estimation method with the one proposed in this study, the present method is highly likely to overestimate performance of the bio-retention facility. Finally, a new storm water interception rate formula for bio-retention LID facility is proposed.