• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 2012

This research reports the prosodic characteristics (including articulation speech rate, pause characteristics, duration) of children with cochlear implants with reference to those of children with normal hearing. Subjects are 8-to 10-year-old children, balancing each number of gender as 24. Dialogue speech data are comprised of four types of sentence patterns. Results show that 1) there's a statistically meaningful difference on articulation speech rate between the two groups. 2) On pauses, they are not observed in exclamatory and declarative sentences in normal children. While imperative sentences show no statistical difference on the number of pauses between the two groups, interrogative sentences do. 3) Declarative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences reveal statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the sentence's final two-syllable word duration, showing no difference on imperative sentences. 4) When it comes to the RFP (duration ratio of sentence final syllable to penultimate syllable), we no statistically meaningful difference between the two groups in all types of sentences exists. 5) Lastly, RWS (the ratio of sentence final two syllable word duration to that of whole sentence duration) shows statistical difference between two groups in imperative sentences, but not in all the rest types.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2023

본 논문에서는 스칼라 언어의 함수형 프로그래밍 기능의 타당성에 대해서 검토한다. 주된 관심사는 스칼라가 어느 정도까지 람다 식, 고차 함수, 제너릭 타입, 대수적 타입, 모나드 등 함수형 프로그래밍의 주요 특성을 표현할 수 있는 가에 있다. 이 목적을 위하여 명령형 프로그래밍 언어의 인터프리터를 구현한다. 동일한 함수형 프로그래밍 기법을 적용하여 인터프리터를 하스켈과 스칼라로 구현한 다음, 이 두 버전의 구현을 비교 분석한다. 명령형 프로그래밍 언어의 추상 구문트리는 스칼라의 제너릭스를 갖는 대수적 타입과 enum 클래스로서 표현되고, 명령형 프로그래밍의 상태 변환은 상태 모나드를 이용하여 구현된다. 또한 스칼라의 새로운 기능인 extension과 given도 사용된다.

• 방재&안전
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2015

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 1999

This study was to investigate the following research questions. (1) Is there any gender difference in the mother's verbal control and the child's peer relation\ulcorner (2) Is there any relationship between the mother's verbal control and the child's peer relation\ulcorner (3) Is the child's peer-relation influenced by the mother's verbal control\ulcorner The subjects of this study were 157 boys and 144 girls attending elementary schools in Susan. Lee, Kyung-Hee's questionnaires(1993) on mother's verbal control modes and Lee, Ju-Lie's questionnaires(1994) on child's peer relation were used. The results were as follows: 1) The mother's imperative mode for boys differed significantly from that for girls. Boys perceived mother's verbal control mode as more imperative. 2) There were significantly correlations between mother's position- oriented mode and boy's peer relation, between mother's person-oriented mode and boy's peer relation, and between mother's position-oriented mode and girl's peer relation. 3) The mother's position-oriented mode and the mother's person-oriented mode were the predictor variables influencing on child's peer relation.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국언어정보학회 2002년도 Language, Information, and Computation Proceedings of The 16th Pacific Asia Conference
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we address two questions concerning negative imperatives in Korean: (i) what is the morpho-syntactic nature of mal in negative imperatives\ulcorner; and (ii) why is it impossible to form negative imperatives with short negation an\ulcorner We will argue that the clause structure of imperatives include a projection of deontic modality and a projection of imperative operator encoding illocutionary force, and that oaf is a lexicalization of long negation and deontic modality. We then propose that a negative imperative with short negation is ruled out because such construction maps onto incoherent interpretation which can be spelled out as I direct you to bring about a negative state or a negative event.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 1997

The environment and the ecologic balance of the earth had been destructed by both man and ecological catastrophes and are no longer sustainable. We have no future unless we conserve our natural resourses and make efforts to change our basic patterns of consuming, production and recycling. Our earth had been contaminated without our recognition. We became indifferent to environmental problems and even more we hve lost our interest completely. To overcome this period of crisis, the concept of 'green imperative'has emerged. Since design powerfully influences our lives and the environment for good or ill, those at the forefront of design to consumers and the end-users can contribute to the well-being of the people and planet through new awareness of environmental and ecological based design. The spiritual awareness of green design will enrich the work of design through lasting performance of continuty and will make the future work.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2011

This study investigated speech rate and intonation slope (least square method; F0, quarter-tone) in normal and CI children's utterances. Each group consisted of 12 people and were divided into groups of children with CI operation (before 3;00), children with CI operation (after 3;00), and normal children. Materials are composed of four kinds of grammatical dialogue sentences which are lacking in respect. Given three groups as independent variables and both speech rate and intonation slope as dependent variables, a one-way ANOVA showed that normal children had faster speech rates and steeper intonation slopes than those of the CI group. More specifically, there was a statistically significant speech rate difference between normal and CI children in all of the sentential patterns but imperative form (p<.01). Additionally, F0 and qtone slope observed in sentential final word showed a significant statistical difference between normal and CI children in imperative form (f0: p<.01; q-tone: p<.05).

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.667-676
• /
• 2004

이 논문은 명령형 프로그램의 핵심 부분에 대한 정보흐름의 보안성을 데이타 흐름 분석법을 사용하여 예측하는 방법을 제시한다. 지금까지 제안된 분석 기법은 정보흐름이 안전한 프로그램을 안전하지 않다고 보수적으로 판정한다는 점에서 정밀도가 떨어지는 경우가 많이 있다. 이 논문에서는 이전의 구문중심의 접근방법보다는 분석결과가 더 정밀한 새로운 분석법을 제안하고, 그 분석의 안전성을 증명한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.1136-1140
• /
• 2010

Esterel 언어는 동기 (synchronous)식 절차(imperative)형 언어로 유한 상태 기계 (finite state machine)를 기반으로 한 정형적 의미구조를 가지고 있어 오토마타를 이용한 프로그램 분석에 매우 용이하다. 본 논문에서는 프로그램의 수행 과정이 필요 없는 문법 구조 바탕의 오토마타 생성 규칙을 제안한다. 우리의 생성 규칙은 문법 구조를 직관적으로 표현하고 모든 가능한 경로를 나타내기 때문에 다양한 분석을 적용하기에 적합하다.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.21-23
• /
• 2018