• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2016

Recently, overseas plant orders of domestic enterprises are steadily increased, and the amount of orders in the first half of 2014 were 93% increased compared to the previous year. In addition, now which is the third quarter of 2015, overseas plant orders are already over 249.8 billion dollars so the interests of plant industry research has been increased. In the life cycle of the plant project, CM before the construction stage is to complement the uncertainties that are inherent in the early stages of the project, and from the viewpoint of supporting the rational decision-making, the importance of its role is on the rise. Among them, excavating and investing participation plan in the planning stage is an important work that has a large impact force to influence the success and failure of future project. However, the work has become a problem with frequent consultations due to decision-making, continuous modification, and inefficient repetitive tasks. Therefore, it is needed that work process should be changed to effectively accommodate. The purpose of this paper is to derive the major work items for excavating and investing participation plan in the planning stage of the plant project, and establish a standardized work process through the Delphi analysis. The result of this study is expected to be utilized for EPC companies in ensuring the technical competitiveness in planning on overseas markets, and improve the efficiency of work.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

There are many people who start business because of unstable employment due to income polarization. There are many people who start business because of unstable this study is to present the necessary situation and direction for the prospective founders who are hesitant to start their own business by lacking self - confidence and information about Preparing for start-up the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pre - founder's psychological characteristics and start - up preparation characteristics on entrepreneurship intention. In order to conduct this study, 144 male and 114 female who were temporary workers and about to retire were analyzed for validity and reliability using 258 questionnaires. As a result of analyzing the adjustment effect of entrepreneurship education as an interaction term in the psychological characteristics and the preparation characteristics of the entrepreneurship, the risk taking tendency and the preparation period for entrepreneurship were significant for entrepreneurship education. In addition, the greater the necessity and importance of entrepreneurship education, the greater the effect on entrepreneurship education. It is a meaningful study that can give confidence to the subjects who want to start a business but are afraid of failure. This study is expected to contribute to the government's start - up policy by analyzing the influence of pre - founders on the intention of start - up.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

In general, the large loads which are applied from explosion, impact, earthquake and wind at a short time caused the materials of structures to large deformations, rotations and strains locally. If such phenomena will be analyzed, hydrocodes which can be considered fluid-structure interaction under computational continuum mechanics are inevitably needed. Also, the explosion mechanism is so complicated, it is reasonable that the behaviors of structure are predicted through explosion analyses and experiment at the same time. But, unfortunately, it is true that explosion experiments are limited to huge cost, large experiment facilities and safety problems. Therefore, in this study, it is shown that the results of explosion analyses using the AUTODYN are agreed with those of existing explosion experiments for reinforced concrete slabs within reasonable error limits. And the explosion damage of the same reinforced concrete slab are assessed for quite different reinforcement arrangement spacings, concrete cover depths, and vertical reinforcements. From the explosion analyses, it is known that the more the ratio of slab thickness to reinforcement arrangement spacing is increased, and small-diameter reinforcements are used than large-diameter reinforcements on the same reinforcement ratio, and vertical reinforcements are used, the more the anti-knock capacities are improved.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.255-265
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• 2013

This study deals with the policy proposals focusing on the addiction for the rapidly growing social media service (SNS) and its diagnosis. Researcher intends to define the SNS addiction and develops a diagnostic measure, which is a valuable subject. The reason is why the SNS becomes more convenient with prevalence of smart phones and the SNS addiction becomes enough severe to suggest internet addiction policy. Researcher presents the subjects into three parts. Firstly, the SNS addiction variables are derived and validated. Secondly, the path model between the SNS addiction variables is verified and discussed. Thirdly, researcher proposes the diagnostic results and the group comparison. Therefore, the result of this study is that the SNS addiction can be measured by the four elements, which are the failure in stopping the use of the SNS, time tolerance, living disability, withdrawal and anxiety. Researcher verifies the sequential impact of each variable and figures out the SNS addict through the presentation of a realistic measurement for the addiction index and the determination of the level of the addiction. By the above result, the researcher proposes the public relations of the government policy for the sound usage of the SNS and the self management of user. Finally, various proposed in this study will help to prevent juvenile crime, social problems in the future.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2016

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease caused by a deficiency of the catabolic enzyme arylsulfatase A. Deficiency of arylsulfatase A results in accumulation of sulfatide in the white matter of the peripheral and central nervous system and it occurs demyelination as a result. The patient gradually goes through mental and motor failure. General symptoms of MLD include gait disturbance, mental deterioration, muscle rigidity and impaired swallowing. Inheritance of the disease is autosomal recessive. We report a dental caries treatment of a 3-year old boy with MLD. The patient underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to slow the progression of the disease. He was suffered from difficulties of mastication and swallowing from the degenerative neurological symptom. He was ingesting food by both oral feeding and tubal feeding after he took percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). The cause of multiple caries was mainly presumed as patient's prolonged time of meal. The treatment was performed under general anesthesia considering patient's incompliance. Severely affected lower primary molars were treated with pulp treatment and restored with stainless steel crown. Others were restored with composite resin. There were no postoperative complications. MLD is life threatening progressive disease and also has an impact on unfavorable condition for oral health. Routine home oral care and periodic professional dental care should be emphasized to the caregiver of patient considering the susceptibility of dental caries. Not only the medical care, but periodic dental office visit would benefit the quality of life of the patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.543-551
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• 2014

This study has searched to find a program in order to manage simply and practically use the expelled AtoN database from the AtoN Simulator and to support the idea decision for the AtoN placement. It examines a program that manages AtoN database through the hierarchy structure, history card and endowment with condition same as a scenario. And accomplishes this study's goal owing to realizing AtoN operational software that helps for visual, hearing sense, fixed amount verification upon AtoN placement project. The AtoN operational software contributes not only flexible control like a newly establishment, relocation etc, but also supports idea decision for AtoN placement plan through many functions such as condition search, virtual sailing and fixed amount appraisal result exhibition, etc. Through utilization of this, it is to help upon the presupposition of the impact to ship or sailor about many designs and in addition, upon the judgment of whether or not for the efficiency and appropriation of the design. It is expected to reduce possible failure costs and management costs due to AtoN design and placement plans, because to compare more various designs thru the easier verification method.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.39-47
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• 2013

Recently, there have been various domestic construction activities related to the reclamation of the dredged soils to expand the land use. However, the reclaimed grounds made of the dredged soils cause various problems due to highly compressible and low shear strength nature. Particularly, this nature induces huge problems in case of the harbor facilities and road construction on the reclaimed sites. Furthermore, in the reclamation activities, the marine dredged soils are often used instead of the well sorted sand, which induces problems of compressibilities. Therefore, in this study, the mechanical characteristics of artificial soil mixture of kaolinite representing the marine dredged soils and the pond ash. A large consolidometer is designed and manufactured to produce the artificial soil mixture. To represent various mixing ratio between the fly ash and bottom ash in the pond ash, six samples with the same stress history are made with different mixing ratio among kaolinite, bottom ash and fly ash. Isotropically consolidated and undrained compression tests are performed to investigate the shear characteristics of soil mixtures. Based on the experimental results, as the components of mixed ash increase, the friction angle increase and the cohesion values decrease. Also, the porepressure parameters at failure, Af increase with the mixing components of the pond ash. The portion of bottom ash has more impact on the shear behavior than that of fly ash.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.283-294
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the state of smoking among some college students, the smoking motivation of smoker students, what made them quit smoking and how they got ready for giving up smoking, as smoking had a huge impact on national health and there was a desperate necessity for preventive antismoking education programs to let students keep away from smoking. After a survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaires from October 1 through November 1, 2006, the responses from 400 students were gathered, and 384 answer sheets were analyzed except 16 incomplete ones. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. By gender, 62.4% of the male students and 28.6% of the female students were smokers, and the state of smoking was statistically significantly different according to their gender(p<0.05). 2. The largest number of the male students, which accounted 44.1%, started smoking in their high school days, and 39.5% of the females did that in middle school. As for a daily mean amount of smoking, 41.8% of the male students, the greatest percentage, smoked 10 to 19 cigarettes a day, and one to nine cigarettes were most common among the females, which represented 57.9 %. But the gap between the two was insignificant(p>0.05). As many as 83.6% of the males and 86.8% of the females had ever attempted to quit it. 3. Concerning awareness of antismoking policies, they felt that a raise in cigarette price would lead to less smoking, and that antismoking advertisement or posters through television or newspaper would deliver the same results as well. There was a statistically significant difference among their awareness(p<0.05). 4. Regarding preparation stage for quitting smoking, 31.3% of the male smokers had no intention to give it up, and 23.2% considered it. 36.7%, the largest percentage, got ready to refrain from it. Among the female smokers, 34.2% had no plans to abstain from smoking, and 36.8% took it into consideration. 23.7% got ready to do that. The females who got ready for that were outnumbered the males who did. 5. As to connections between the state of smoking and relevant knowledge, the students didn't have a good knowledge on that, and a statistically significant difference existed between the smokers and nonsmokers in smoking knowledge. 6. As for knowledge about oral diseases, they were highly cognizant of the relationship of smoking to tooth discoloration, nicotine stomatitis and bad breath, but they didn't know well about its relationship to delayed recovery from dental treatment, implant failure and ozena. Their smoking condition made a statistically significant difference to their knowledge(p<0.05). In the future, sustained research efforts should be channeled into determining how much smoking affects health and concerns oral diseases, and antismoking counseling programs should be prepared to bolster people's awareness of oral health.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2008

Purpose: Abrupt abstinence from alcohol in cause of chronic alcohol addiction can trigger alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The authors studied the effect of post-operative alcohol withdrawal syndrome in patients who require intensive care due to trauma. Methods: For the study group, we selected 70 patients who had undergone emergency surgery from May 2003 to March 2007 due to trauma and who had been treated with prophylactic thiamine. Data was collected retrospectively. We excluded those who extended their hospital stay for other than traumatic causes, those who died within 3 days of surgery after trauma, those who transferred to other institutions, and those who received a psychiatric diagnosis. Patient groups were determined by the existence or the non-existence of withdrawal syndrome. Age, sex, injury mechanism, mortality, complications, durations of hospital stay and intensive care, use of mechanical ventilator, and sedative use were investigated. A Chi-square test and The Mann-Whitney method were used for statistical analysis in this study. Results: Twenty-four (24) patients from the 58 who had an ISS of 16 or more showed alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and men were shown to be affected with the syndrome significantly more than women. Although ISS was higher in the group with alcohol withdrawal syndrome, statistically, the difference was not significant (P<0.08). The total hospital stay in the patient group with alcohol withdrawal syndrome was on average 10 days longer. However, the difference was not significant (P<0.054). The duration of intensive care in the patient group with alcohol withdrawal syndrome was significantly longer (P<0.029). The patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome showed no significant difference in the duration of mechanical ventilator use (P<0.783), or in the duration of sedative use (P<0.284). Respiratory distress, pneumonia, upper airway infection, sepsis, acute renal failure, and mortality in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome group were investigated, but no statistically significant difference were noted. Conclusion: We found that the duration of intensive care in chronic alcohol abusers was longer due to the development of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. We also discovered that, when the patients overcame the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome after intensive care, no difference was found in the frequency of developing complications, the morbidity, and the mortality. Therefore, we conclude that intensive care in trauma patients who are chronic alcohol abusers decreases the incidence of complications found in patients with post-operative alcohol withdrawal syndrome and does not adversely impact the prognoses for those patients.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.436-444
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aimed to assess prospectively the clinical outcome of nonsurgical endodontic treatment and identify patient- and tooth-related factors, rather than treatment-related factors, that were the best predictors of this outcome. Materials and Methods: The inception cohort comprised 441 teeth (320 patients) and 175 teeth (123 patients) were followed up for 1-2 years. Age, gender, presence of medical disease, number of canals, previous endodontic treatment, presence of sensitivity and pain, pulp vitality, swelling or sinus tract of pulpal origin on the gingiva, periapical radiolucency and tendency of unilateral bite on the affected tooth were recorded at treatment start. Results: The outcome was classified on the basis of periapical radiolucency as healed or non healed. The overall healed rate in these cases, including nonsurgical retreatment, was 81.1%. Four tooth-related factors had a negative impact in the bivariate analysis: previous endodontic treatment, necrotic pulp, preoperative gingival swelling or sinus tract of pulpal origin, and preoperative periapical radiolucency. Stepwise logistic regression analysis including patient-, tooth-related factors and level of the root canal filling as a treatment-related factor showed that preoperative gingival lesion (odds ratio [OR]: 4.4; p = 0.005), preoperative periapical radiolucency (OR: 3.6; p = 0.011), and $\leq$ 1-2 mm under root filling length (OR: 9.6; p = 0.012) were significant predictors of failure. Conclusions: A preoperative gingival lesion of pulpal origin can influence the outcome of nonsurgical endodontic treatment in addition to preoperative periapical radiolucency.