• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.333-346
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to identify factors that influence depression for low-income elderly who live at home from the International Classification of Functioning model (ICF). Methods: The subjects were 205 elderly people living at home in two public health centers located in metropolitan cities. Subjects were divided according to their depression scores, which were measured using the GDS-short form, including normal, risk, and depression groups. Each variable was consistent with factors of the ICF model, including health condition, individual factors, environmental factors, body function, activities, and participation. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. ANOVA, $x^2$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Multinomial logistic regression with IBM SPSS 21.0 were used for analysis of the data. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed among normal, risk, and depression groups regarding personal factors. Gender, education level, numbers of diseases, perceived health, life satisfaction, and social support were identified as the variables that had a significant impact on depression of low-income elderly living at home. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that there is a need for construction and implementation of strategies that strengthen life satisfaction and social support in order to lower depression of low-income elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.587-596
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• 2006

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the empowerment in clinical nurses and to analyze the influences of job characteristics and professionalism on empowerment. Method: Subjects were 386 nurses in 8 general hospitals at G city and Seoul. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SAS 8.1 by applying ttest, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: Empowerment was $3.58{\pm}0.63$ and among the subscale scores meaningfulness $(3.83{\pm}0.74)$ was the highest and Impact $(3.23{\pm}0.86)$ was the lowest. The level of empowerment was different significantly by age, marital state, education, clinical careers, position, job satisfaction(p<.00). Job characteristic score was $3.60{\pm}0.45$ and Professionalism score was $3.65{\pm}0.52$. Empowerment was positively correlated with job characteristics and professionalism(r= .63, .81, p<.01). Major factors that affect to empowerment in clinical nurses was professionalism, which had an explanation of 66.9%. Conclusions: The more clinical nurses took the professionalism, the higher nurses perceived empowerment. Therefore, empowerment and professionalism in nurses should be generally screened and other factors should be looked into. And if the specified nursing intervention program which increase their empowerment would be developed, it may contribute to qualify the nursing services.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.201-218
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of experiences in close relationships with teachers for young children on their depression and to see whether there would be a mediating effect of their self-compassion. Methods: The subjects were 206 teachers recruited from Seoul and five different provinces who currently worked at the kindergarten and child care centers and agreed to participate in the survey. The data were analyzed by means of frequency, percentages, Cronbach's reliability coefficient and Pearson's correlation using SPSS 25.0 and model 4 provided in The PROCESS macro for SPSS 3.4 version. Results: The findings were as followed. First, the teachers' degrees of anxiety and avoidance for their close relationships were below the median scores. In contrast their degree of self-compassion was above the median score. In addition, their level of depression was relatively low. Second, both of the teachers' anxiety and avoidance for their close relationships had a positive impact on their depression and their self-compassion, and there were the partial mediating effect in both cases. Conclusion/Implications: These results imply that the early attachment experience connecting the experience in close relationships in the adulthood is important and that it is necessary to develop a program to enhance teachers' self-compassion to protect their psychological well-being.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.302-310
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the attachment of middle school students to their parents, their self-control, problem behavior, and the mediating effect of self-control on the relationship between parent-adolescent attachment and problem behavior. Method: Data were collected by questionnaires from 467 students in middle schools from May 19 to 30, 2008. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression procedures. Result: 1. The students investigated received a mean score of 2.76 and 3.01 on attachment for fathers and mothers respectively. They received a mean score of 3.32 on self-control. The most prevalent self-perceived problem behavior among the students was going home late at night without permission followed by bullying friends for no reason and drinking. 2. Among parent-adolescent attachment, self-control and problem behavior, parent-adolescent attachment had a positive correlation to self-control and a negative correlation to problem behavior. 3. Self-control had a mediating effect on the relationship between parent-adolescent attachment and problem behavior. Conclusion: Parent-adolescent attachment influenced problem behavior through the mediating effect of self-control, and is expected to lay the foundation for the prevention of adolescent problem behavior.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.489-494
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• 2001

This paper develops a finite element model for frontal crash analysis of a large-sized truck. It is composed of 220 parts, 70,041 nodes and 69,073 elements. This paper explains only major parts' models in detail such as frame, cab, floor, and bumper which affect on crash analysis a lot. In order to prevent penetration not only at a part itself but also between parts, all contact areas are defined using type-36, self-impact type. The developed model's reliability is validated by comparing simulation and crash test results. The results used for model validation are vehicle pulses at B-pillar, and frame and deformation of frame and cab. The frontal crash simulation is performed with the same conditions as crash test. And, it is performed using PAM-CRASH installed in super-computer SP2. The developed model whose reliability is verified may be used as a base to develop a finite element model for occupant behavior and injury coefficient analysis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.449-455
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• 2017

Chocolate milk is one of the most commonly used non-fermentative dairy products, which, due to high level of sucrose, could lead to diabetes and tooth decay among children. Therefore, it is important to replace sucrose with other types of sweeteners, especially, natural ones. In this research, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the ingredients formulation of prebiotic chocolate milk, date syrup as sweetener (4-10%w/w), inulin as prebiotic texturizer (0-0.5%w/w) and carrageenan as thickening agent (0-0.04%w/w) in the formulation of chocolate milk. The fitted models to predict the variables of selected responses such as pH, viscosity, total solid, sedimentation and overall acceptability of chocolate milk showed a high coefficient of determination. The independent effect of carrageenan was the most effective parameter which led to pH and sedimentation decrease but increased viscosity. Moreover, in most treatments, date syrup and inulin variables had significant effects which had a mutual impact. Optimization of the variables, based on the responses surface 3D plots showed that the sample containing 0.48% (w/w) of inulin, 0.04% (w/w) of carrageenan, and 10% of date syrup was selected as the optimum condition.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.71
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

A theoretical investigation of the solid phase mechanochemical synthesis of nano sized target product on the basis of dilution of the initial powdered reagent mixture by another product of an exchange reaction is presented. On the basis of the proposed 3 mode particle size distribution in mechanically activated mixture, optimal molar ratios of the components in mixture are calculated, providing the occurrence of impact friction contacts of reagent particles and excluding aggregation of the nanosized particles of the target reaction product. Derivation of kinetic equations for mechanochemical synthesis of nanoscale particles by the final product dilution method in the systems of exchange reactions is submitted. On the basis of obtained equations the necessary times of mechanical activation for complete course of mechanochemical reactions are designed. Kinetics of solid phase mechanosynthesis of nano TlCl by dilution of initial (2NaCl+$Tl_2SO_4$) mixture with the exchange reaction product (diluent,$zNa_2SO_4$, z=z*=11.25) was studied experimentally. Some peculiar features of the reaction mechanism were found. Parameters of the kinetic curve of nano TlCl obtained experimentally were compared with those for the model reaction KBr+TlCl+zKCl=(z+1) KCl+TlBr (z=z1*=13.5), and for the first time the value of mass transfer coefficient in a mechanochemical reactor with mobile milling balls was evaluated. Dynamics of the size change was followed for nanoparticle reaction product as a function of mechanical activation time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.196-203
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• 2000

In this study, the evaluation method of diffusion characteristics of Suspended Soli&SS) and the generation limit(source and thick) are investigated, which is significantly affecting on marine examined by construction works such as dredging and reclamation. Dispersion characteristics of SS is examined by hydraulic tests and numerical works in consideration with the Pusan Port. Hydraulic model test was performed in 2-D wave flume to find the limit wave conditon of re-suspension of solid as well as the time dependent characteristics of settlement The results obtainded in the study are as follows; 1) The quantituative evaluation af SS is the basic parameter of marine environmental impact assessment in related with the port development The SS increases as the water content of sea bed solid increases and the density decreases. 2) The sea bed solid in Sinsundai area, Pusan Port has the water content range of 83~157% 3) The ratio of suspension velocity against settlement velocity is about 0.25 and SS concentration converges as the wave heigh. 4) The SS increases 2 time when time step increases 3 time(10 sec to 30 sec) in numerical simulation It means that the effect of the time step should be checked in detail to stable. The diffusion The diffusion coefficient are Affiected senstively in the dispersion process while sea ved friction coefficinet have not strong relation in the simulated area

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2009

In this study, acceleration responses of caisson structures under various environmental conditions are experimentally examined as a basic study to develop the health assessment technique for harbor structures. To achieve the objective, three approaches are implemented. Firstly, a target caisson structure is selected and its small-scaled caisson is constructed in the laboratory. Secondly, a finite element model of the caisson is generated to identify dynamic responses of the baseline structure. Thirdly, experimental tests are performed on the caisson model to examine dynamic responses under various boundary conditions and impact locations. Four different boundary conditions, 'standing on concrete floor', 'standing on styrofoam block', 'standing on sand-mat' and 'hanging by crane', are considered and correlation coefficients of frequency response functions between four states are analyzed.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

In this study, a longitudinal pitch effect on in-line tube bank heat transfer has been analyzed numerically. To verify the accuracy of the solver model and boundary conditions, global Nusselt number(Nu) and pressure drop across the 2 row tube bank are compared with the existing experimental correlations under 500 ~ 2,000 Reynolds number(Re) range. By changing transverse pitch($S_T$) or longitudinal pitch($S_L$) separately in tube bank, we're trying to identify the each effect on heat transfer. We found that the effect of transverse pitch can be accounted for Reynolds number evaluated with maximum velocity($V_{max}$) at the smallest flow area similar to most existing correlations. Variation of the longitudinal pitch($S_L$) has a greater impact on the heat transfer compared to the transverse pitch($S_T$). Overall Nusselt number increases with larger longitudinal pitch($S_L$), however individual Nusselt number of the tube row has significant difference after the first row.