• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

This study aims to propose a framework for evaluating the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) services, based on the concept of AI service impact. It also suggests a model for evaluating this impact and identifies relevant factors and measurement approaches for each item of the model. The study classifies the impact of AI services into five categories: ethics, safety and reliability, compliance, user rights, and environmental friendliness. It discusses these five categories from a broad perspective and provides 21 detailed factors for evaluating each category. In terms of ethics, the study introduces three additional factors-accessibility, openness, and fairness-to the ten items initially developed by KISDI. In the safety and reliability category, the study excludes factors such as dependability, policy, compliance, and awareness improvement as they can be better addressed from a technical perspective. The compliance category includes factors such as human rights protection, privacy protection, non-infringement, publicness, accountability, safety, transparency, policy compliance, and explainability.For the user rights category, the study excludes factors such as publicness, data management, policy compliance, awareness improvement, recoverability, openness, and accuracy. The environmental friendliness category encompasses diversity, publicness, dependability, transparency, awareness improvement, recoverability, and openness.This study lays the foundation for further related research and contributes to the establishment of relevant policies by establishing a model for evaluating the impact of AI services. Future research is required to assess the validity of the developed indicators and provide specific evaluation items for practical use, based on expert evaluations.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.961-971
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of the study was to identify the need of oral health education and prevention? for over 65 years elderly. Methods : his study was to identify the need of oral health management and oral health impact profile among elderly over 65 years. 200 elderly participated in the study, lived in KungBuk and KungNam areas, visited Senior welfare center, from 1st September to 30st December 2008. Results : 1. This majority of respondents are female(74.0%), 75-79 years(29.5%), none education(42.5%), living alone(45.5%), income from children(46.0%), and health insurance(65.5%). 2. In the need of oral health management category, the need of dental treatment are professional toothbrushing, gum treatment, treatment for dental caries, treatment for xerostomia. In the need of prevention and education, the majority participants are 'required'. In oral health impact profile category, the majority participants are 'feel no difficulty during speaking(59.0%)', and 'feel no difficulty during tasting(47.0%)'. In the category, the positive answers are more than negative answers. 3. According to general characteristic with the need of oral health management, famle, obviously income, high level of life are significantly different in the need of prevention and education category. Obviously income is significantly different in the need of dental treatment category. According to general characteristic with the oral health impact profile, getting older, high education are significantly different in disadvantage category. In the case of no spouse, anxiety, physical difficulty, mental difficulty and disadvantage are high score in oral health impact profile. In the case of living alone, pain, anxiety, and disadvantage are high score in oral health impact profile. In the case of no income, limitation of function, pain, anxiety, mental difficulty and disadvantage are high score in oral health impact profile. In the case of no health insurance, anxiety, physical difficulty mental difficulty and lack of sociality are high score in oral health impact profile. 4. The oral health impact profile are positive correlation with the need of dental treatment and the need of prevention education. The effect of oral health impact profile are significantly different with spouse, average of income, the need of prevention education. Conclusions : In Conclusion, the need of prevention education and dental treatment for individual oral health promotion are related with general life condition and life level. Also these are influence of quality of life relate with oral health. These findings are require of development of oral health services program and system from bottom to top.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.219-228
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• 2018

This study conducted to identify the impact of organizational factors on the characteristics of category management system, market orientation and collaboration orientation, in domestic retail industry, and also to identify the relationship between organizational factors and category management system's characteristics varies depending on the business type, retailer and supplier. To accomplish these research purposes, the study performed statistical analyses using a total of 94 samples. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the organizational factors that affect market orientation of the category management system were found to be information technology infrastructure and organizational management system, and the organizational factors that affect collaborative orientation of the category management system were found to be partnerships and organizational management systems. Second, the relationship between market orientation and collaborative orientation of the category management system does not differ by the business type.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.479-482
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is a proposal about the flexibility of the performance category to revitalize the "Housing Performance Grading Indication System". This system consists of 5 main performance parts, 14 performance categories and 20 detailed performance lists. 5 main performance parts are Noise and Acoustics(Light-weight impact sound control, heavy-weight impact sound control, sound control of toilet, sound control of party wall), Long-life(flexibility, remodeling & maintenance, durability), Landscape & Indoor Environment(landscape, formaldehyde control& ventilation, daylighting, thermal environment), Welfare & Barrier-free(playground and community center, welfare space, barrier-free design), Fire Safety(fire safety, safe place, fire-resisting quality). The flexibility of the performance category is conformed to Long-life housing related grading and can realize the Long-life housing in response to resident needs about the space rearrangement. Now, The flexibility of the performance category is limited to the evaluation of the private space, that is, the Skeleton evaluation. This study would suggest alternatives to improve uppermost limits through analyzing 60 examples from January 9th 2009 to October 30th 2008. The flexibility of the performance category is possible to estimate not only the Skeleton evaluation but also the Infill evaluation in response to social changes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

Purpose: Consumers are affected by the purchase of a large number of opinions or support during the online purchasing process. This can be defined as the term of 'social decisions' on line. This paper seeks to explore the factors of influence on social decisions in on-line environment and to study in depth. Methodology: The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of factors on online social decisions. To verify the hypothesis of study, This study collected 256 from Seoul City, Gyeonggi Province and Chungcheong Province through Survey. Results: According to the research results, First, eWOM information usefulness have a positive impact on online social decisions, Second, online network connectedness have a positive impact on online social decisions. Third, innovative product have a positive impact on online social decisions. and the lower the category of knowledge, the more inclined it is to make online social decisions. Finally, social decisions have a positive impact on purchasing decisions about product. It is most significant that academic research has advanced consumer behavior in response to recent changes in the consumption environment. It is meaningful that we have studied in depth the changing consumer decision process in online channel environment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the process and characteristics of social impact caused by development projects through research and analysis on issues presented during development projects carried out in Korea. Furthermore, on the basis this analysis, this study proposes possible improvement measure environmental impact assessment for minimizing social impact of development projects in the future. Issues related to development projects are generated mainly by the following three causes. Initial social impact can occur when a development project directly causes certain changes in natural, living and social environment. Operational problems related to assessment are another cause of social impact, and it can also occur when changes in natural and living environment work in tandem with social environment sphere. Social impact of development projects is not brought about solely by changes in social environment, but is the result of interaction of factors such as changes in social, natural, living environment and problems related to assessment or operation/management. As to why the current environmental impact assessment could not provide satisfactory solution to the issues mentioned above, this study suggests the following reasons: limitations of assessment method used in social environment category, difficulties in defining assessment criteria, limitations inherent in criterion referenced assessment method, insufficient issue-making in local community, and lack of participation on the part of local residents. Possible solutions for these limitations are as follows: 1) To identify local issues in social environment category through participation of local experts in scoping stage, 2) To adopt deliberative method for local participation, 3) To utilize social survey technique.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of interaction between product category (fresh vs. indulgent product) and shopping options (shipping charge and delivery time) on customer satisfaction and purchase intent in an e-commerce context. When ordering groceries online, consumers begin to allocate a larger share of their grocery budget toward product categories that generally contain healthier items at the expense of product categories that generally contain more indulgent products. Moreover, customers are extremely sensitive to shipping options such as shipping charges and delivery time. Therefore, this research investigates the issue at a more segmented level to focus on the impact that one dimension of logistics service quality - product category, shipping charge, and delivery time have on customer satisfaction and purchase intent. Research design, data, and methodology: To test the theoretically derived priori hypotheses concerning product category, shipping charges, delivery time, satisfaction, and purchase intent, this research presented a scenario-based experiment. Eight treatment groups were assigned by the method of product category (fresh produce vs. indulgent product), shipping charge (free vs. paid), and delivery time (one-day vs. two to three days). A total of 240 subjects were divided into groups and exposed to one of the eight scenarios. Participant's purchase intention was the dependent variable, and ANOVA and L-matrix were used to analyze for main and interactive effects between factors. Conclusions: Results indicated that in tests 1 and 2, free shipping and fast delivery time increased consumer satisfaction as well as purchase intent, and fast delivery moderated the impact of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Test 3 showed that the effect of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent moderated by fast delivery for indulgent products. In contrast, fast delivery for fresh products moderated the effect of paid shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Consistent with this proposed mechanism, the relative importance of fresh produce versus indulgent products highlights the effect of shipping options on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent when ordering the target product in an e-commerce context. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.485-500
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• 2013

This study conducted WRF-Fire simulations in order to investigate sensitivities of the resolution of fire fuel and terrain data sets, and the surface wind to simulated fire area. The sensitivity simulations were consisted of 8 different WRF-Fire runs, each of which used different combination of data sets of fire fuel and terrain with different resolution. From the results it was turned out that the surface wind was most sensitive. The next was fire fuel and then fire terrain. Unfortunately, every run produced too much fire area. In other words no simulations succeeded in simulating such proper fire area so as for the WRF-Fire to be used realistically. It was verified that the errors of fire area from each runs were contributed by 41%, 53%, and 6% from surface wind, fire fuel, and fire terrain, respectively. Finally this study suggested that the selection of Anderson fuel category in the area of interest seemed to be very critical in the performance of WRF-Fire simulations.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to find the factors that influence big data characteristics on decision satisfaction and utilization behavior, analyze the extent of their influence, and derive differences from existing studies. To summarize the results of this study, First, the study found that among the three categories that classify the characteristics of big data, qualitative attributes such as representation, purpose, interpretability, and innovation in the value innovation category greatly enhance decision confidence and decision effectiveness of decision makers who make decisions using big data. Second, the study found that, among the three categories that classify the characteristics of big data, the individuality properties belonging to the social impact category improve decision confidence and decision effectiveness of decision makers who use big data to make decisions. However, collectivity and bias characteristics have been shown to increase decision confidence, but not the effectiveness of decision making. Third, the study found that among the three categories that classify the characteristics of big data, the attributes of inclusiveness, realism, etc. in the integrity category greatly improve decision confidence and decision effectiveness of decision makers who make decisions using big data. Fourth, it was analyzed that using big data in organizational decision making has a positive impact on the behavior of big data users when the decision-making confidence and finally, decision-making effect of decision-makers increases.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2014

After the modern industrial revolution, rivers in cities became covered and disappeared due to the pressure to develop them. Likewise, their function which is to serve as the basis of natural ecology system in the cities began to be damaged. This research demonstrated that there are a total of 268 categories when it comes to the list of plants, including 64 families, 179 genera, 230 species, 36 varieties, and 1 subspecies. When the relative abundance of the plants that were found at the target research site was studied, the secondary survey demonstrated Bromus japonicus 22.97, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis 16.76 and Erigeron annuus 15.69 while third survey demonstrated Digitaria ciliaris 26.78, Ambrosia trifida 16.29 and Aster pilosus 14.31. There were 54 species of naturalized plants that appeared. Analysis demonstrated annual plant 23 classification category (43%), perennial 11 classification category (20%), multi-perennation 17 classification category (31%), woody plant 3 classification category (6%) and others. When the naturalized plants that were found at the target research site were analyzed by the place of origin, North America and EU took up 76%, which accounts for 3/4 of the all the naturalized plants. At the target research site, naturalization degree of 5 pertained to 22 classification category (41%), which was the highest, followed by 19 classification category (35%) with naturalization degree of 3, 8 classification category (15%) with naturalization degree of 2 and 5 classification category (9%) with naturalization degree of 4 in the order mentioned. Flora of Jungnangcheon did not manifest any change compared to 10 years ago. Thus, it is necessary to increase of biodiversity efforts to improve SeoulCity's natural environment and cityscape.