• 치과방사선
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.171-191
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• 1998

The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of the Co-60 γ irradiation and/or calcium-deficient diet on the periodontal tissue formation in rat pups. The pregnant three-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. The experimental group was divided into two groups, irradiation/normal diet group (Group 2) and irradiation/calcium-deficient diet group (Group 3). The control group was non-irradiation/normal diet group (Group 1). The abdomen of the rats at the 19th day of pregnancy were irradiated with single absorbed dose of 350 cGy. The rat pups were sacrificed on the 14th day after delivery, and the maxillae including molar tooth germ were taken. The specimens including the 1st molar tooth germ were prepared to make tissue sections for light and transmission electron microscopy. Some of tissue sections for light microscopy were stained immunohistochemically with anti-fibronectin and anti-osteonectin antibodies. The results were as follows; 1. In the periodontal ligament forming area, the fibroblasts of Group Z showed irregular arrangement and low activity. The immunoreactivity between the fibroblasts and collagen fibers was decreased, compared with Group 1. The fibroblasts of Group 3 showed atrophic change and clumped nucleus. The collagen fibers showed cystic change and low immunoreactivity to the fibronectin. 2. In the cementum forming area, the cementoblasts of Group 2 showed decrease of number and atrophic change. The cementoblasts of Group 3 showed edematous change, atrophy of cytoplasm, and clumping of nucleus. 3. In the alveolar bone forming area, the bone of Group 2 was thin and various degree of immunoreactivity to the osteonectin. Group 3 showed edematous osteoblasts, fibrous degeneration of bone marrow, and weak immunoreactivity to the osteonectin.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.719-726
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• 1997

Dorsal root ganglion(DRG) cells are primary sensory neurons which contain some biologically active neuropeptides which play a role as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. This study was performed to observe normal distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) immunoreactive cells and colocalization of CGRP and SP in a single DRG cell of the lumbar DRGs($L_1{\sim}L_6$) in the Wistar Kyoto(WKY) rat by immunohistochemistry. About 55.8% of DRG cells contained CGRP-immunoreactivity, while about 12.7% of DRG cells showed SP-immunoreactivity. There was no significant difference in percentage of each neuropeptied-immunoreactive cells between each neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells between each levels of DRGs ($L_1{\sim}L_6$) (p>0.01). In size distribution, CGRP-immunoreactive cells were identified below $1,500{\mu}m^2$; SP-immunoreactive cells below $600{\mu}m^2$. In serial sections, about 86.7% of the SP immunoreactive cells contained CGRP immunoreactivity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2005

This study aimed to investigate whether nociceptin is implicated in the, trigeminovascular responses to electrical stimulation of trigeminal ganglion in rats. An open cranial window was prepared on the right parietal bone of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Trigeminovascular system was stimulated by electrical stimulation of trigeminal ganglion (ETS; 5ms, 5Hz, 3V). Neonatal capsaicin treatment was performed with subcutaneous administration of capsaicin (50mg/kg) within the first 24 hours after birth. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow were continuously measured through the cranial window by laser-Doppler flowmetry, and the expression of nociceptin-like immunoreactivity was determined by immunohistochemistry. ETS caused increases in regional blood flow of pial arteriole in a voltage-dependent manner. ETS markedly and voltage-dependently increased the expression of nociceptin-like immunoreactivity in dura mater ipsilateral rather than contralateral to ETS. The nociceptin-like immunoreactivity was markedly reduced by pretreatments with calcitonin gene-related peptide(8-37) ($CGRP_{8-37},\;a\;CGRP_1$ receptor antagonist), L-733060 (a $NK_1$ receptor antagonist), and $[Nphe^1]$ nociceptin(1-13)$NH_2$ (a selective and competitive nociceptin receptor antagonist) as well as by neonatal capsaicin treatment. These results suggest that the electrical stimulation of trigeminal ganglion causes prominent expression of nociceptin within dura mater, in which not only neuropeptides inducing substance P and CGRP but also nociceptin are implicated in the trigeminovascular responses to electrical trigeminal ganglion stimulation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2011

Although NCX-3 is highly expressed in the brain, the distribution of NCX-3 in the epileptic hippocampus is still controversial. Therefore, to assess the distribution and pattern of NCX-3 expression in epileptic hippocampus, we performed a comparative analysis of NCX-3 immunoreactivities in the hippocampus of seizure-resistant (SR) and seizure-sensitive (SS) gerbils. In SR gerbils, NCX-3 immunoreactivity was higher than pre-seizure SS gerbils, particularly in the pavalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons. Three h post-ictal, NCX-3 immunoreactivity in the SS gerbil hippocampus was markedly elevated to the level of SR gerbils. Six h post-ictal, the expression of NCX-3 was reduced to the level of pre-seizure SS gerbils. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that down-regulation of NCX-3 expression in the SS gerbil hippo-campus may be involved in the hyperexcitability of SS gerbils due to an imbalance of intracellular $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis and $Ca^{2+}$ concentration.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

The investigation of the embryonic development of the cerebellum has a long history. The postnatal normal development of the cerebellum in rodents and other animals became a popular topic for morphological investigations nearly a century ago. However, surprisingly, only a few studies are available regarding the prenatal normal development of the rodent cerebellum, especially in guinea pigs. Cell proliferation is essential for the development of the nervous system. The assessment of cell proliferation can be achieved by using various methods. In this study, we investigated the cell proliferation of the cerebellar cortex in guinea pigs at different stages of pregnancy and in postnatal life. Fetuses were obtained by cesarean section at 50 or 60 days of gestation (dg). Immunohistochemistry was performed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody in the cerebellum. Strong PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in the external granular layer (EGL), which is a neurogenic zone in the cerebellum. The proportion of PCNA-IR cells was greater at 1 week than at 60 dg in lobule I, but not lobule VIII. After 50 dg, the width of the EGL continued to decline until 1 week, due to the maturation of the EGL cells. These results demonstrate the pattern of PCNA immunoreactivity in the developing cerebellum of guinea pigs. This serves as a guideline to study abnormal cerebellum development.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2003

Inflammation appears to have a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the inflammatory response via the generation of prostanoids that, in turn, are involved in the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study hypothesized that a vascular infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) may induce a chronic inflammatory reaction and activated inflammatory cells may express inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9). To confirm the hypothesis, the immunohistochemical stains for CMV late antigen, COX-2, MMP-9, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte were performed on CMV-infected atherosclerotic lesions. The immunoreactivity for COX-2 and MMP-9 was evident in all cases of atherosclerosis along with plaques, mainly in macrophages/foamy cells, intimal and medial smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells of the intima. Within the intima, the increased immunoreactivity for COX-2 and MMP-9 was colocalized to the area stained with CMV late antigen. Sections from control specimens showed no immunoreactivity for CMV late antigen, COX-2 and MMP-9. These data seem to support the hypothesis that CMV may participate in a pathogenetic mechanism for atherogenesis or progression of atherosclerosis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix (Panax ginseng C.A. MEY.), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (Zizyphus spinosa HU.) and Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (Rehmannia glutinosa LIBOSCH.) on the serotonin- immunoreactivity cells in the Caudal raphe nuclei, Rostal raphe nuclei and hippocampus of the mouse brain. Methods : The mice were stressed by restraining for one hour and treated with herbal medicine by oral feeding. The mice were killed after one hour and observed by electron microscope after immunohistochemical staining. Results : In the caudal raphe nuclei of the medulla oblongata, the highest number of 5-HT immunoreactivity cells were observed at the Zizyphi Spinosae Semen-treated group, while the lowest level among the herbs treatment group was shown at the Ginseng Radix group. In the hippocampus, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were expressed significantly at the CA3 area while the lowest level of it was shown at the control group. In the midbrain, immunoreactive cells were expressed higher than other groups, while observed at the lowest level in the control group. Conclusions : The extracts of Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat and Ginseng Radix show a certain degree of effect on the change of serotonin immunoreactive neurons as an index of nerve disorder.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2001

Metallothionein (MT) is induced in the regenerating rat liver. We have investigated expression of MT gene by RT PCR as well as specific localization of MT by immunocytochemistry in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy (PH). MT mRNA level started to increase from 1 h and reached the peak at 8 h after PH. The level decreased gradually by 24 h, and became similar to that of control group. In the immunocytochemical study, in all groups treated with primary antibody, immunogold particles indicating the presence of MT were evenly distributed throughout both cytoplasm and nucleus of the rat hepatocytes. Within the nucleus, the gold particles appeared to be intensely localized in the areas of euchromatin and nucleolus. Within the cytoplasm, gold particles did not seem to adhere to mitochondria or Iysosomes, but were freely distributed. However, rough endoplasmic reticulum was the obvious compartment on which the gold particles were localized. Time course of MT immunoreactivity revealed that distribution of gold particles in hepatocytes increased gradually by 24 h, and decreased at 48 h after PH. Briefly, PH resulted in the sharpest increase in the expression of MT mRNA at 8 h and in the immunoreactivity of MT at 24 h, respectively. It is suggested that the increase of MT mRNA expression, the intensity of immunoreactivity and the specific localization of MT may be associated with the compensatory cell proliferation followed by PH.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2022

To elucidate the neurochemical characteristics of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), the distribution patterns of several neuroanatomical markers within the PAG were compared. Immunohistochemical staining for the intracellular calcium binding proteins including calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin and histochemical staining for cytochrome oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, and NADPH-diaphorase were performed in. Each chemical substance were localized in the specific subregions within PAG. Calbindin- immunoreactivity were selectively distributed in the dorsolateral PAG, the ventral half of lateral PAG, the ventralateral PAG, and supraoculomotor cap (Su3C) nucleus. Distribution of calretinin-immunoreactivity were generally similar with that of clabindin, but showed relatively low subregional selectivity. Parvalbumin-immunoreactivity was very poor within the PAG. High reactivity of cytochrome oxidase were found in the dorsomedial PAG and the lateral half of lateral PAG, in which calbindin- and calretinin-immunoreactive perikarya were scarcely observed. Acetylcholinesterase distribution was similar with that of cytochrome oxidase, and the difference was in the additional marking of of Su3C with acetylcholinesterase. Results of the present study provides data for the further subdivisions of the territory of the PAG compared to the presently accepted subregions within the PAG.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1998

리소솜 acid phosphatase(LAP)를 포함하는 리소솜 산성 가수 분해 효소는 세포 내,외 성분의 분해에 중요한 기능을 수행하며, 유미 양서류의 다리 재생 과정에서 LAP의 효소 활성도는 탈분화시기에 특이적으로 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 멕시코산 도룡뇽의 일종인 axolotl(Ambystoma mexicanum)의 다리 재생 가정에서 정상적인 다리 재생 조직과 retinoic acid (RA)가 처리된 다리 재생 조직에서 LAP의 분포 및 발현을 면역 화학적 방법으로 조사하였다. Axolotl의 다리 재생 조직에서 한국산 도룡뇽(Hynobius leechii)의 LAP에 대한 단일 항체를 이용한 면역 반응도는 줄 탈분화시기에 있는 wound epidermis와 미분화된 중배엽성 세포인 blastema 세포, 탈분화 상태의 근육과 연골 부위 세포에서 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 LAP의 면역 반응도는 재생단게의 초기에 점차 증가하여 탈분화시기 동안 최대치에 도달하였으며, 재분화가 시작되면서 basal level 까지 서서히 감소하는 것으로 나타나\ulcorner. 유미 양서류의 다리 재생 과정에서 골격 패턴의 복제를 유발시키는 것으로 알려져 있는 RA 처리는 LAP의 면역 반응도를 강화시키는 것으로 나타나\ulcorner. 즉, RA가 처리된 다리 재생 조직에서 LAP의 면역 반응도는 정상적인 다리 재생 조직에서 보다 강하게 나타났으며, 면역 반응도가 나타나는 시기 또한 연장되는 것으로 조사되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 다리 재생 조직에서 RA 처리가 탈분화시기의 연장에 관여한다는 것을 시사하고 있다.