• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2007

Oudemansiella radicata, edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to Agaricales of Basidiomycota, has been known to exhibit outstanding curative effects on the fungal infection and hypertension caused by high blood pressure. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr, NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity test showed that Fr. NaCl was not cytotoxic against NIH3T3 and Sarcoma 180 at the concentration of $10{\sim}1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl exhibited antitumor activity with life prolongation effect of $42.9{\sim}66.7%$ in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by $1.4{\sim}3$ folds compared with controlled and LPS groups, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. MeOH increased the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes by 3.5 and 2.5 folds, respectively. Therefore, the antitumor effect exhibited on mouse Sarcoma 180 cells was likely due to immune-modulating activity of crude polysaccharides extracted from fruiting body of O. radicata.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.380-385
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Ulva pertusa kjellman extract after undergoing a low temperature and high-pressure extraction process. First, the extracts obtained under the extraction conditions of 150 MPa and $80^{\circ}C$showed a relatively high antioxidant activity, with 90% super oxide radical activity compared to the extracts from conventional extraction process with water at $100^{\circ}C$. This extract also improved the growth of both human immune B and T cells up to $14.5{\times}10^4$ cells/mL and $14.2{\times}10^4$ cells/mL compared to $9.1{\times}10^4$ cells/mL in adding the extracts from conventional processes. It was found that the extracts obtained at 100 MPa and $60^{\circ}C$ showed better activities in NK cell growth and NO production from macrophage as $11.8{\times}10^2$ cells/mL and 30.0 ${\mu}M$. Overall, the extracts from high pressure and low temperature extraction process had relatively higher immune activation activity, possibly because the low temperature and high pressure extraction process may have higher yields of active compounds and have less damage to useful ingredients from relatively weak marine natural resources, such as Ulva pertusa kjellmann than that from the conventional extraction system.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.210-216
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to compare the effects of immuno-modulating activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. fractionized by consecutive solvent separation. The Cytotoxicity of all fractionized extracts on human kidney cell (HEK293) was lower than crude extracts. Generally, the butanol and chloroform extracts showed less cytotoxicity on about 10.07% and 9.67% than the crude extracts. For human immune B and T cell growth, chloroform fraction showed the highest cell growth compared to the control. The secretion of cytokines (IL-6, $TNF-\alpha$) on human B and T cells were increased by adding chloroform extracts. Also, NK cell growth was significantly improved up to nearly 30% by adding the supernatant of B cell medium grown with the chloroform fraction. It was also found that chloroform fraction could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than untreated control cells. Differentiation of HL-60 cells was increased up to 131.9% after treatment with chloroform fraction extracts, compared to the control. These results indicate that the chloroform fraction of R. sachalinensis have high immune activation activity than others fractions and the crude extracts, implying that this chloroform fractions could be used a new functional material.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.66-81
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus water extract (LF) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 cell. Methods: Ligustri Lucidi Fructus was extracted with distilled water (2,000 ml) for 2 hours. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity of LF, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. To investigate anti-inflammatory effects of LF, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured with NO assay, cytokine was measured by Bio-Plex cytokine assay, and intracellular calcium (Ca) was measured with Fluo-4 Ca assay in RAW 264.7 cell. And when p-value is below 0.05, it is judged to have the significant difference statistically (P<0.05). Results: 1. LF showed no cytotoxicity. 2. LF inhibited significantly the production of NO at the concentration of 25, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$. 3. LF inhibited significantly the production of interleukin (IL)-4, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-$1{\alpha}$, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. 4. LF inhibited significantly the production of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the concentration of 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$, the interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ at 25, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. 5. LF inhibited significantly the production of IL-$1{\beta}$ at the concentration of 50 and $200{\mu}g/ml$, the IL-5 at 25 and $100{\mu}g/ml$, the IL-12p70, MIP-$1{\beta}$ at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$, the regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secrete d (RANTES) at 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. 6. LF inhibited significantly the production of IL-10, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. 7. LF inhibited significantly the production of intracellular Ca at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions: These results suggest that LF has anti-inflammatory effect and immuno-modulating activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.9
• /
• pp.1237-1242
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to isolate strain for the preparation of fermented antler (Cervus cornu parvum) and evaluate its physiological activities. The growth degrees of twenty-one samples from Bacillus sp., Lactobacillius sp. and mushroom strain on antler extract agar were evaluated in this study, and Bacillus subtilis KH-15, SCB-3, Cordyceps militaris, Phellinus linteus, Inonotus obliquus 26136, and Inonotus obliquus 26147 were selected. The fermented antler extract by C. militaris had relatively higher contents of total sugar (1619.3 ${\mu}g$/mL), uronic acid (302.0 ${\mu}g$/mL), sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (S-GAGs) (119.9 ${\mu}g$/mL) and sialic acid (21.6 ${\mu}g$/mL) than any other extracts. The anti-complementary activities of all fermented antler extracts were higher than non-fermented antler extract, and among these samples, fermented antler extract by C. militaris showed the highest anti-complementary activity (inhibition of 50% total complement hemolysis, $ITCH_{50}$; 50.1% at 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL). The ability of fermented antler extract by B. subtilis KH-15 to scavenge 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical ($IC_{50}$; 4.97 mg/mL) was significantly the highest (p<0.05), whereas the extract from I. obliquus exerted significantly (p<0.05) high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$; 16.98 mg/mL) among all samples. The results of this study suggest that physiological effects including immuno-modulating and antioxidant activities of the antler may be increased through fermentation process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.486-492
• /
• 2011

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of hot water extract (ESW) and 70% ethanol extract (ESE) from Euphorbia supina Rafin on LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Upon investigation at concentrations up to $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL, ESW and ESE did not have any cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages. ESW induced inhibition of 21.6%~54.8% of nitric oxide (NO) production at 100~1000${\mu}g$/mL, and $PGE_2$ production was inhibited up to 25.7%~38.2% at 250~1000${\mu}g$/mL, proportional to the ESW concentrations. ESW induced inhibition of 66.1% and 54.3% of IL-6 production at 250 and $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. ESE (100~1000${\mu}g$/mL) induced inhibition of 38.3%~77.5% of NO, 40%~94.7% of $PGE_2$, and 43.9%~89.4% of IL-6 production, proportional to the ESE concentrations. Only 44.1% of IL-10 production was inhibited at a concentration of $500\;{\mu}g$/mL. ESE induced an increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ production at a concentration of 100 and $250\;{\mu}g$/mL, whereas at high concentrations (500 and $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL), ESE induced inhibition of 19.2% and 92.4% of TNF-${\alpha}$ production, respectively. In conclusion, concentrations of more than $500\;{\mu}g$/mL ESE demonstrated effective immune-modulating activity through inhibition of NO, $PGE_2$, IL-6, IL-10, or TNF-${\alpha}$ production, as it relates to the macrophage's immuno-activity; therefore, ESE has potential as a good candidate substance for reduction of inflammatory responses.