• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.2 s.91
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• pp.100-105
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• 2005

Removal of nitrogen compound from waste water is essential and often accomplished by biological process. Denitrification bacterium, Paracoccus denitrificans (KCTC 2350) is employed to estimate the denitrification ability and the characteristics. In the immobilized biological reactor system, the measurement of absolute amount of active strain in the reactor is comparatively difficult or impossible. In this. study, a reactor was designed with the unwoven texture wrapped peep holed plastic tube to calculate the absolute amount of active strain by comparing the activity of the permeabilized and or immobilized reactor and the free cell reactor The reactor system was continuous stirred tank reactor and the reaction rate of substrate consumption was assumed to satisfy the Michaelis-Menten equation. The effluent concentration of nitrate and nitrite was measured to estimate the apparent parameter of Michaelis-Menten equation. As a result, we found that the amount of immobilized active strain was figured out to be half of the total active strain in the reactor and the time required to be reached in the equilibrium state in the permeabilized and or immobilized reactor system was figured out to be shorter than that of the free cell reactor system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1987.10b
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• pp.637-642
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• 1987

In immobilized cell reactors, effective cell mass is a very important parameter which must be estimated during operation for control and regeneration of biocatalyst. In this report, the effective cell mass in immobilized cell reactor was studied using a sequential estimation method. An immobilized yeast reactor was operated in batch recycle mode. The states of the immobilized cell reactor could be estimated from the process data using an extended Kalman filter.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2001

Removal of nitrogen compound from waste water is essential and often accomplished by biological process. Deni-trification bacterium. Paracoccus denitrificans(KCTC 2350) is employed to estimate the ability and the characteristics of denitrification. In the immobilized biological reactor system, the measurement of absolute amount of active strain in the reactor is comparatively difficult or impossible. In this study, strain immobilized denitrification reactor was designed with the unwoven texture wrapped peeped hole plastic tube to calculated the absolute amount of active strain by comparing the activity of the immobilized reactor adn the free cell reactor. The reactor system was continuous stirred tank reactor and the rate of substrate consumption was assumed to be Michaelis-Menten equation. As a result, we found that the amount of immobilized active strain was the half of the total active strain in the reactor and the time required to reach in the equilibrium state in the immobilized reactor system was shorter than that of the free cell reactor system.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.174-184
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• 1998

Biosorption characteristics were investigated to discuss the use of agar entrapped Spirulina to remove of heavy metal ions from polluted waters. Agar immobilized algae were used as bioadsorbent in continuous reactor for heavy metal ions removal. The process solution contains Pb, Cu, and Cd as single ion and binary ions. In the adsorption of single heavy metal ions by agar immobilized Spirulina, the adsorption reached within 1hr and observed diffusion limitation differed from the free algal cell adsorption. The optimum pH for the adsorption of heavy metals was 4.5 but the influence of pH decreased less than that of free algal cell. Also, the adsorption characteristics of single heavy metal ions with agar immobilized Spirulina fitted the BET isotherm. Both of experiments of free algal cell and agar immobilized algae showed higher removal efficiency in the single ion solutions than binary ions solutions. The experimental results in the packed column with agar immobilized algae were over 90% of removal efficiency for the Pb, Cu, and Cd in single ion solutions.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 1994

Anaerobic fermentative bacteria were isolated from the acidogenic reactor of a labora- tory scale 2-stage anaerobic digestor. The isolate 1-6 was selected for its ablity to produce more fatty acids from distillery wastewater than others, and was identified as a strain of Clostridium. The isolate Clostridium sp. 1-6 is a thermophilic bacterium growing at 55$\circ$c , and grew best at pH 5.5. An acidogenic reactor using immobilized cells of the isolate Clostridium sp. 1-6 removed about 15% of COD from distillery wastwater as hydrogen, producing about 50 mM butyrate and about 10 mM acetate, when the reactor was operated at the hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 0.8 hr. It is proposed that this system can be used to convert the distillery wastewater to hydrogen and butyrate. More than 90% of COD was removed from the wastewater by anaerobic digestion using a 2-stage digestor consisting of a UASB methanogenic reactor and an acidogenic reactor of the immobilized cells of isolate Clostridium sp. 1-6.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.355-359
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• 1992

Yeast cells of a fusant strain constructed by protoplast fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces frugilis were immobilized on calcium alginate beads. The increment of the ethanol tolerance of this strain to 8.0%, when compared with the parent K, fragilis, was confirmed. Based on the results from jar fermentation, a packed-bed reactor of theh immobilized yeast cells was operated. The optimal performance of the immobilized yeast reactor for ethanol production was achieved when supplying 10% lactose (suplemented 1.0% yeast extract) at a temperature of 30.deg.C. The maximal ethanol productivity was obtained as 13.3 g/I/hr at a dilution rate of $0.76 hr^{-1}$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 1993

The aim of this study was to find out the rapid fermentation of soy sauce from koji hydrolyzate using column type reactor packed with immobilized yeast cells. Each immobilized cell of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii BH-90 and Candida versatilis BH-91 in the packed column type reactor produced 2.8% ethyl alcohol and 18mg/l 4-ethylguaiacol over 96 hours under the optimal condition. Continuous fermentation was performed by immobilized Z. rouxii BH-90 packed in column type reactor. Immobilized Z. rouxii BH-90 produced 2.30~2.85% ethyl alcohol during 30 days, and decreased gradually from 40 days to 80 days. Also C. versatilis BH-91 produced 4-ethylguaiacol at the constant rate of 16~18mg/l and decreased gradually after 40 days. Final product of soy sauce contained 2.8% ethyl alcohol and 18mg/l 4-ethylguaiacol. However, amino acid compositions of final products were consisted of predominantly glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, aspartic acid, lysine and valine, which were more than 50% of total amino acid.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.525-529
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• 1990

Plant cell cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were performed in stirred tank and packed-bed reactors with in situ extraction by n-hexadecane. The specific shikonin production and volumetric shikonin productivity of stirred tank reactor reached 1.5 mg shikoninlg cell and 400$\mu g$ shikonin/(L.day), respectively. In packed-bed reactor with calcium alginate-immobilized cells specific shikonin production and volumetric productivity reached 2.0 mg shikoninlg cell and 2857$\mu g$ shikonin/(L.day), which were 1.3 and 7.1 times higher than those of stirred tank reactor, respectively. The higher shikonin production and productivity of packed-bed reactor seemed to be due to high cell loading capacity of calcium alginate immobilized cells in packed-bed reactor and improved cell-cell contact.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

The behavior of total organic carbon (TOC) and phosphate were observed for 15 days with immobilized activated sludge using polyacrylamide (PAA) by sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In the preparation of immobilized sludge by PAA, it was found that suitable acrylamide concentration for actual wastewater treatment was to be 15% through the batch test. When SBR system was operated in the repeated aerobic and anaerobic conditions, TOC removal efficiency was 92%. The uptake rate of phosphate was increased from 1.78 mg-P/g cell/hr on the 5th day of acclimation to 2.5 mg-P/g cell/hr on the 15th day of acclimation. And the total phosphorus content in PAA bead was increased from 40 mg-P/g cell on the 1st day of operation to 55 mg-P/g cell on the 15th day of operation. From this study, lowering the volume of aeration tank was possible when PAA bead was used in wastewater treatment and long operation was also possible without the settler.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 1989

To achieve higher ethanol productivity in the fermentation system, a continuous ethanol production has been investigated with the air-supplement in a packed-bed immobilized cell reactor system. Yeast cells were immobilized using sodium alginate gel. The results showed that, when the feed medium was saturated with oxygen through aeration into the medium reservoir, the maximum ethanol productivity of the reactor was enhanced from 35 g/$\ell$-gel-hr to 55 g/$\ell$-gel-hr at the residence time of 10-20 min. and the residence time for the 90% conversion of substrate to ethanol was reduced from 40 min. to 25 min. In case of 18% glucose medium, the maximum productivity was increased from 35 g/$\ell$-gel-hr to 45 g/$\ell$-gel-hr and time required for 90% conversion was from 90 min to 70 min. This behavior of air-supplemented reactor system might be due to the fact that both growth and viable fraction of yeast within the Eel were increased during reactor operation.