• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.2952-2971
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• 2016

Outsourcing jobs to a public cloud is a cost-effective way to address the problem of satisfying the peak resource demand when the local cloud has insufficient resources. In this paper, we studied the management of deadline-constrained bag-of-tasks jobs on hybrid clouds. We presented a binary nonlinear programming (BNP) problem to model the hybrid cloud management which minimizes rent cost from the public cloud while completes the jobs within their respective deadlines. To solve this BNP problem in polynomial time, we proposed a heuristic algorithm. The main idea is assigning the task closest to its deadline to current core until the core cannot finish any task within its deadline. When there is no available core, the algorithm adds an available physical machine (PM) with most capacity or rents a new virtual machine (VM) with highest cost-performance ratio. As there may be a workload imbalance between/among cores on a PM/VM after task assigning, we propose a task reassigning algorithm to balance them. Extensive experimental results show that our heuristic algorithm saves 16.2%-76% rent cost and improves 47.3%-182.8% resource utilizations satisfying deadline constraints, compared with first fit decreasing algorithm, and that our task reassigning algorithm improves the makespan of tasks up to 47.6%.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.176-182
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze the characteristic of heart rate variability(HRV) changes between Deficiency Pattern and Excess Pattern in Stroke Patients admitted to the hospital. Methods : We measured heart rate variability of stroke patients who were admitted to the Department of Korean Internal medicine, Stroke and Neurological Disorders Center from February 1, 2015 to May 30, 2016. We recruited a total of 28 stroke patients and heart rate variability tests were performed on the first day of admission, 2weeks after admission, and 4 weeks after admission. Results : VLF and LF/HF ratio significantly increased over time in Deficiency Pattern group compared with those in the Excess Pattern group. Conclusions : This results suggest that the parasympathetic function of Deficiency Pattern group is lower than that of the Excess Pattern group, resulting in imbalance of the autonomic nervous system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.852-860
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• 1986

The effect of placing a worktable in a vertical laminar flow clean room is invesgiated by a numerical simulation. The model clean room is assumed to be a rectangular square of 2m*2m, in which a worktable of 0.8m long and 0.1m thick is located at 0.7m above the floor. Major parameters are the horizontal position of the table and the inlet flow velocity. The flow is assumed to be laminar throughout the clean room. Navier-Stokes equations with the pressure terms are directly solved by the SIMPLE algorithm. Boundary conditions at the two exits are given in terms of pressure conditions. The flow pattern, pressure loss due to viscous friction, the ratio of flow rates through each exit and pressure imbalance at the exits are calculated. All of the flow characteristics are seen to vary substantially with the location of the table, but are quite insensitive to the inlet flow velocity(Reynolds number). As an example, the flow rate through each exit can very by as much as 30% depending on the location of the table.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2011

Obesity occur from the imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a complex chronic disease that is suggested to cause other metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. In this study, our purpose is to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesitic effects of Maydis stigma water extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and db/db mice. Maydis stigma water extract at dose of 100 and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ slowly inhibited cell viability as compared to that of control in mature adipocytes. Also, the additions of 50 and 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Maydis stigma water extract significantly inhibited the lipid accumulations and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein(C/EBP) ${\alpha}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) ${\gamma}$ expressions with dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Maydis stigma water extract at 250, 500, and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ only showed the increasing pattern on lipolysis activity. The oral treatment of Maydis stigma water extract (100 or 400 mg/kg body weight) in db/db mice only showed tendency to decrease body weight, food efficiency ratio (FER), HbA1c, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and the adipocyte size of in db/db mice. However, Maydis stigma water extract increased the insulin level in a dose dependent manner. Thus these results indicate that Maydis stigma water extracxt inhibits adipogenesis through regulation of C/EBP${\alpha}$ and PPAR${\gamma}$ expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and shows anti-hyperglycemic effect through increase of insulin secretion in db/db mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.644-654
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• 2020

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a mental disorder induced by traumatic stress and often accompanied by depression and/or anxiety, may involve an imbalance in the neurotransmitters associated with the fear response. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has long been used as a traditional medicine and is known to be involved in a variety of pharmacological activities. We used the open field test and forced swimming test to examine the effects of KRG on the depression-like response of rats after exposure to single prolonged stress (SPS), leading to activation of the serotonergic system. Methods: Male rats received KRG (30, 50, and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) once daily for 14 days after exposure to SPS. Results: Daily KRG administration significantly improved depression-like behaviors in the forced swimming test, increased the number of lines crossed and time spent in the central zone in the open field test, and decreased freezing behavior in contextual and cued fear conditioning. KRG treatment attenuated SPS-induced decreases in serotonin (5-HT) tissue concentrations in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. The increased 5-HT concentration during KRG treatment may be partially attributable to the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-HT ratio in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. These effects may be caused by the activation of hippocampal genes encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-1 and 2 mRNA levels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that KRG has an antidepressant effect in rats subjected to SPS and may represent an effective use of traditional medicine for the treatment of PTSD.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.82-96
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• 2020

The Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) system is the flexible public transport service that determines the route and schedule of the service vehicles according to users' requests. With increasing importance of public transport systems in urban areas, the development of stable and fast routing algorithms for DRT has become the goal of many researches over the past decades. In this study, a new heuristic method is proposed to generate fast and efficient routes for multiple vehicles using demand clustering and destination demand priority searching method considering the imbalance of users' origin and destination demands. The proposed algorithm is tested in various demand distribution scenarios including random, concentration and directed cases. The result shows that the proposed method reduce the drop of service ratio due to an increase in demand density and save computation time compared to other algorithms. In addition, compared to other clustering-based algorithms, the walking cost of the passengers is significantly reduced, but the detour time and in-vehicle travel time of the passenger is increased due to the detour burden.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2006

Background : Several studies have suggested that alterations of cytokine level could be related to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. In this study, we measured plasma level of Interleukin-12(IL-12), a pro-inflammatory cytokine and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$1(TGF-${\beta}$1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine before and after treatment in acute manic patients. Methods : The plasma concentrations of IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}$1 were measured using quantitative ELISA in 18 bipolar disorder patients and 25 normal controls at admission and 6 weeks later. The psychopathology was measured by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS). Results : IL-12 levels were significantly higher in bipolar manic patients than in controls before treatment. Following the 6-week treatment, the IL-12 level was decreased than before treatment, but sustained still higher level than normal control. TGF-${\beta}$1 level was not significant different between manic patients and normal controls before treatment, but was increased after treatment comparing with before treatment in bipolar patients. The ratio of IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}$1 was significantly decreased after treatment. Conclusion : Cytokine abnormalities in bipolar disorder might be involved in the pathophysiology of the illness. It is possible that TGF-${\beta}$1 plays an important role in the regulation of immunological imbalance in bipolar disorder.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.486-494
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• 2018

Recently, we have reported that animals with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) overexpression exhibit reduced social interaction, decreased preference for novel social interaction and poor nest-building behaviors-symptoms that mirror those observed in human autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Overexpression of TERT also alters the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio in the medial prefrontal cortex. However, the effects of TERT overexpression on hippocampal-dependent learning and synaptic efficacy have not been investigated. In the present study, we employed electrophysiological approaches in combination with behavioral analysis to examine hippocampal function of TERT transgenic (TERT-tg) mice and FVB controls. We found that TERT overexpression results in enhanced hippocampal excitation with no changes in inhibition and significantly impairs long-term synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, the expression levels of phosphorylated CREB and phosphorylated $CaMKII{\alpha}$ were significantly decreased while the expression level of $CaMKII{\alpha}$ was slightly increased in the hippocampus of TERT-overexpressing mice. Our observations highlight the importance of TERT in normal synaptic function and behavior and provide additional information on a novel animal model of ASD associated with TERT overexpression.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.24-31
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• 2009

This study aimed to investigate the effect of differing heel heights on the electromyographic (EMG) activity in vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) during stair ascending and descending activities. A total of 26 healthy women volunteered to perform stair-ascending and stair-descending tasks with 3 heel heights: barefoot, 3 cm, and 7 cm. The EMG activities of the VM and VL were recorded during the tasks. During the stair ascending and descending tasks, the EMG activities of both VM and VL significantly changed with differing the heel heights (p<.05). Moreover, the EMG activities of VM and VL during the stair ascending task were significantly higher than the corresponding values during the stair-descending task (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences between the VM:VL EMG ratios for the 3 heel heights (p>.05). The VM:VL EMG ratios between the 2 tasks differed significantly in the 7 cm high heel condition (p<.05). Despite an increase in the EMG activities in both VM and VL during stair ascending and descending tasks, there was no change in the relative EMG intensities of VM and VL, which was measured by calculating the VM:VL ratio this result indicates that no VM:VL imbalances were elicited. The relative EMG intensities of VM and VL during stair descent were lower than the corresponding values during the ascent, suggesting that VM and VL may show an imbalance in the eccentric activation during the weight-acceptance phase. This study provides useful information that will facilitate future research on how heel height affects muscle activity around the knee joint.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.367-374
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• 2017

Background: An imbalance in energy intake and expenditure can cause obesity, which is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cancers and hyperlipidemia. Methods and Results: In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of a water extract from the young leaves of barley sprout (BS) in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice (HF). Lipid accumulation measurement indicates that BS markedly inhibited adipogenesis by reducing lipid droplet production in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ and fatty acid synthetase, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-${\alpha}$ and fatty acid binding protein 4 in 3T3-L1 cells was significantly inhibited by BS treatment. In an in vivo test, the BS-administered group of HFD-induced mice showed less body weight gain, and lower liver and epididymal white adipose tissue weights. The BS-treated mice showed decreased serum levels of leptin and lipids compared to untreated HFD mice and the levels of adiponectin and the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio increased. These results indicate that BS inhibits body fat accumulation by reducing the mRNA expression of lipogenesis transcription factors and increasing serum adipokine concentration in in vitro and in vivo tests. Conclusions: BS reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain and had a positive effect on dyslipidemia.