• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze physical activity as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and an actigraph in breast cancer survivors, as well as to identify their intention to participate in a physical activity program. Methods: Breast cancer patients who had been diagnosed for more than six months (N=135) at a university hospital participated from June 2012 to May 2013. Physical activity was measured using the Korean version of the IPAQ-Short Form and Actigraph GT3X plus an accelerator for seven consecutive days. Data analyses were conducted using the SPSS WIN 19.0 program. Results: Mean total physical activity was 2298.21 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min/week as assessed by IPAQ and 150,140.57 counts/day as measured by an actigraph. There were statistically significant correlations between moderate physical activity from IPAQ and light intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.735, p<.001), vigorous physical activity from IPAQ and vigorous intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.871, p<.001), total physical activity from IPAQ and light intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.825, p<.001), respectively. Most (80.7%) cancer survivors reported a positive attitude toward physical activity and 57.8% expressed a willingness to participate in a physical activity program. More than half (60%) of the subjects preferred walking, 80.6% preferred more than 30 minutes of exercise, and 57.1% wanted to engage in physical activity three times a week and preferred home-based activities. Perceived barriers included fatigue, lack of strength and pain. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider intensity, personal preferences, and patient-perceived barriers when developing physical activity programs for breast cancer survivors.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.474-483
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• 2016

Accidental events such as collisions, groundings, and hydrocarbon explosions in marine structures can cause catastrophic damage. Thus, it is extremely important to predict the extent of such damage, which determines the total amount of oil spills and the residual hull girder strength. Punching fracture tests were conducted by Choung (2009b), where various sizes of indenters and circular unstiffened steel plates with different thicknesses were used to quasi-statically realize damage extents. A three-dimensional fracture strain surface was developed based on a reference (Choung et al., 2015b), where the average stress triaxiality and average normalized Lode angle were used as the parameters governing the fracture of ductile steels. In this study, new numerical analyses were performed using very fine axisymmetric elements in combination with an Abaqus user-subroutine to implement the three-dimensional fracture strain surface. Conventional numerical analyses were also conducted for the tests to identify the best fit fracture strain values by changing the fracture strains. Based on the phenomenon of the average normalized Lode angle starting out positive and then becoming slightly negative, it was inferred that the shear stress primarily dominates in determining the fractures locations, with a partial contribution from the compressive stress. It should be stated that the three-dimensional fracture surface effectively predicted at least the shear stress-dominant fracture behavior of a mild steel.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.615-621
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate of the protection efficiency in each part of developed pesticide-proof clothes by repeated washings. We investigated the effect of repeated laundering on mechanical properties of pesticide-proof clothes (not washed vs 5 times washed). We also examined pesticide infiltration rate into the pesticide-proof clothes by repeated laundering. The patches(TCL paper, surface area 50cm2)were attached to the inside of pesticide-proof clothes(head, chest, right upper-arm, right forearm, left thigh, left calf, back) which subjects had dressed in during pesticide spraying. The patches were detached from working clothes after work. For the extraction of pesticide in pesticide-proof clothes, sonication was applied for 30 min with methanol. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to identify the pesticide component. The results of this study are as follows: The force strength, water-vapour resistance and surface wetting resistance of pesticide-proof clothes decreased 5 times more in washed clothes. The concentration of pesticide was the highest in the head area of pesticide-proof clothes. In seven parts of TLC paper attached to the pesticide proof clothes, the concentration of pesticide was higher in the left thigh. The penetration part and concentration of pesticide increased as washing was repeated. Therefore the conclusion which can be drawn from this study is this: protection efficiency of pesticide-proof clothes decrease by repeated washings.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.227-243
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• 2015

In this paper, the effects of nonlinear soft clay on dynamic embedment of offshore pipeline were investigated. Seabed embedment by pipe-soil interactions has impacts on the structural boundary conditions for various subsea structures such as pipeline, riser, pile, and many other systems. A number of studies have been performed to estimate real soil behavior, but their estimation of seabed embedment has not been fully identified and there are still many uncertainties. In this regards, comparison of embedment between field survey and existing empirical models has been performed to identify uncertainties and investigate the effect of nonlinear soil parameter on dynamic embedment. From the comparison, it is found that the dynamic embedment with installation effects based on nonlinear soil model have an influence on seabed embedment. Therefore, the pipe embedment under dynamic condition by nonlinear parameters of soil models was investigated by Dynamic Embedment Factor (DEF) concept, which is defined as the ratio of the dynamic and static embedment of pipeline, in order to overcome the gap between field embedment and currently used empirical and numerical formula. Although DEF through various researches is suggested, its range is too wide and it does not consider dynamic laying effect. It is difficult to find critical parameters that are affecting to the embedment result. Therefore, the study on dynamic embedment factor by soft clay parameters of nonlinear soil model was conducted and the sensitivity analyses about parameters of nonlinear soil model were performed as well. The tendency on dynamic embedment factor was found by conducting numerical analyses using OrcaFlex software. It is found that DEF was influenced by shear strength gradient than other factors. The obtained results will be useful to understand the pipe embedment on soft clay seabed for applying offshore pipeline designs such as on-bottom stability and free span analyses.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.552-558
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• 2015

The mechanical properties and microstructures of Aluminum 6056 alloys were investigated for their use in the fabrication of a piton block. The EN-AW6056 alloys exhibited a tensile strength of 375 MPa for a solution treatment temperature of $550^{\circ}C$ for 2 h followed by an aging treatment at $190^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. The microstructures of the heat treated specimen showed that the $Mg_2Si$ phase with a size of 3~5 um was dispersed throughout the aluminum matrix when the heat treatment was done. Moreover, in order to identify the forgeability of the specimen, upsetting tests were done. For up to 80 % of the upsetting ratio, the specimen maintained its original shape, and at above 80 % of the upsetting ratio, the specimen underwent crack development. The specimen was successfully forged without any defects with the examined material conditions. The material conditions together with the forging conditions are discussed in terms of the microstructures and mechanical properties.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

This study aims to examine the optimum blanching conditions as a pretreatment condition to improve the storage stability of Dolsan leaf mustard pickle. The effects of the blan- ching temperature and time were investigated at a temperature range of $80-100^{\circ}C$. Sampling was done for 1 month after a 5 days interval. The L value of the Dolsan leaf mustard was found to be the highest at $80^{\circ}C$. The cutting force increased as the blanching temperature increased. The tensile strength decreased at $95^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$. In addition, the sensory evaluation scores were the best at $80^{\circ}C$. The storage stability was assessed at various blanching temperatures to increase the sinigrin content during storage. Liquid chromatography with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-PDA/MS/MS) analysis was conducted to identify and quantify the sinigrin content in the Dolsan leaf mustard. Sinigrin as an internal standard was co-injected into each sample solution. The sample was monitored by recording the ultraviolet absorbance at 228 nm and by electrospray ionization (ESI) positive ion mode in the m/z 50-1,500 range. Blanching the sample at $80^{\circ}C$ showed the highest sinigrin concentration during storage among various temperatures and the maximum concentration was 350 ppm at 15 days storage. Study on utilization of vegetable from food processing of leaf mustard and preservation conservation results suggest that blanching at $80^{\circ}C$ is expected to improve the palatability of the pickle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.14-19
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• 2005

One area in which composites have been used rather extensively is for fabricating pressure vessel. These structures can be readily manufactured by filament winding, which is, as far as composite fabrication techniques are concerned, a relatively inexpensive method for producing composite structures. Unfortunately, the higher strength material and fabrication costs are not the only disadvantages of fiber-reinforced polymer composites when they are compared to metals. Additionally, these materials tend to exhibit brittle behavior. This is of particular concern when they are subjected to a low-velocity impact during routine handling a significant amount of structural damage can be introduced into the composites. The goals of this paper are to understand the impact damage behavior and identify the effect of surface coating materials on impact resistance in filament wound composite pressure vessels. For these, a series of low velocity impact tests was performed on specimens cutting from the full scale pressure vessel by the instrumented impact testing machine. The specimens are classified into two types with and without surface protective material. The visualization for impact damage is made by metallurgical microscope. Based on the impact force history and damage, the resistance parameters were employed and its validity in identifying the damage resistance of pressure vessel was reviewed. As the results, the impact resistance of the filament wound composites and its dependency on the protective material were evaluated quantitatively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2016

Tendon corrosion reliability in KICT-ultra high performance concrete (K-UHPC) bridges is assessed and predicted considering uncertainties in flexural bending capacity and corrosion occurrence. In post-tensioning bridge systems, corrosion is a one of most critical failure mechanisms due to strength reduction by it. During the entire service life, those bridges may experience lifetime corrosion deterioration initiated and propagated in tendons which are embedded not only in normal concrete but also in K-UHPC. For this reason, the time-variant corrosion performance has to be assessed. In the absence of in-depth researches associated with K-UHPC tendon corrosion, a reliability-based prediction model is developed to evaluate lifetime corrosion performance of tendon in K-UHPC bridges. In 2015, KICT built a K-UHPC pilot bridge at 168/5~168/6 milestone on Yangon-Mandalay Expressway in Myanmar, by using locally produced tendons which post-tensioned in longitudinal and lateral ways of K-UHPC girders. For an illustrative purpose, this K-UHPC bridge is used to identify the time-variant corrosion performance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.246-254
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• 2018

Psychological stress and physical fatigue, such as anxiety, fear, sleep disturbance, etc., caused by exposure to the war, can lead to post-traumatic stress syndrome(PTSD) or war syndrome. The military has also prepared for drug use to minimize war syndrome and preserve combat strength. However, efforts to prevent war syndrome are still lacking. This study was conducted to identify biomarkers that can track psychophysiological changes. Psychophysiological changes associated with PTSD can be divided into four main categories. The four categories are behavioral changes, changes in brain cognition, neuroimmunological changes, and changes in innate immunity. This study suggest that biomarker profile can be made by the distance moved and the anxiety-like behavior in the open field for behavior category, brain BDNF levels in the brain cognition category, serum corticosterone in the neuroimmunology category, and inflammatory cytokine levels in the innate immunity category.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.392-399
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the manufacturing possibility of non-cement mortar using blast furnace slag and alkali accelerator. In this experimental study, the blast furnace slag which is the by-product of the steel industry substitute for cement, and the potassium hydroxide(KOH), calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) and sodium hydroxide(NaOH) as stimulus were added to each specimen. And the analysis on reaction property of non-cement mortar was conducted by measurement such as flexural and compressive strength, XRD, EDS and SEM. From the test results, it can be founded that $SiO_2$ and CaO included in the blast furnace slag are released and make the calcium silicate hydrate like the hydration reaction of the cement. Also, the continued study is need to reduce emission of $CO_2$ because of major content in filed of the building construction.