• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.25-53
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• 2022

In this study, trends in research methods and topics of seabird and marine fish migration were examined. Based on the framework of existing animal migration studies, future research directions were proposed in relation to the migration of seabirds and fish. In terms of research methodology, with the development of science and technology, tracking techniques using radio telemetry, acoustic telemetry, RFID (radio-frequency identification), satellite tracking, and geolocators are widely used to study seabird and fish migration. Research is also conducted indirectly through a population survey and the analysis of substances in the body. Research contents are largely classified into extrinsic factors that affect migration(such as environmental variables and interspecific competition), intrinsic factors such as hormones, anthropogenic activities including fishery and offshore wind farm, and the effect of global climate change. In future studies, physiological factors that influence or cause migration and dispersal should be identified concerning intrinsic factors. For the analysis of migration ability, it is necessary to study effects of changes in the magnetic field on the migration ability of seabirds and fish, interspecific differences in spatiotemporal migration ability, and factors that influence the migration success rate. Regarding extrinsic factors, research studies on effects of anthropogenic disturbances such as fishery and offshore wind farm and global climate change on the migration and dispersal patterns of marine animals are needed. Finally, integrated studies on the migration of seabirds and fish directly or indirectly affecting each other in various ecological aspects are required.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2022

Information service technology continues to develop, and information service continues to expand based on the IT convergence trend. The premeter-based security model chosen by many organizations can increase the effectiveness of security technologies. However, in the premeter-based security model, it is very difficult to deny security threats that occur from within. To solve this problem, a zero trust model has been proposed. The zero trust model requires authentication for user and terminal environments, device security environment verification, and real-time monitoring and control functions. The operating environment of the information service may vary. Information security management should be able to response effectively when security threats occur in various systems at the same time. In this study, we proposed a security policy distribution system in the object reference method that can effectively distribute security policies to many systems. It was confirmed that the object reference type security policy distribution system proposed in this study can support all of the operating environments of the system constituting the information service. Since the policy distribution performance was confirmed to be similar to that of other security systems, it was verified that it was sufficiently effective. However, since this study assumed that the security threat target was predefined, additional research is needed on the identification method of the breach target for each security threat.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.361-369
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• 2007

Uncomfortable odor emitted from air conditioning system is the main cause of indoor air quality deterioration. To solve evaporator odor problems, odor active compounds, have to be identified then the quality of the product can be improved its quality. Because evaporator odor in exhaust gas has low odor intensity and discontinuity, it is very difficult to collect and analyze sample. In this study through the identification of odor compounds in condensed water, the evaluation of the eraporator was tested. Odor compounds were extracted from water by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method. The single odor was separated by GC/FID/Olfactometry (GC/FID/O) and odor active compounds were identified by GC/AED and GC/MS. Compared to air sample, result of sensory evaluation and the single odor compound appeared similarly. It was identified that odor active compounds have functional group containing oxygen such as alcohols and acids. Evaluation method of odor active compounds using condensed water in evaporator appeared effective on the side of simplicity of collection, low expanse and rapid analysis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2008

Extraction of DNA from skeletal material is of great importance in the identification of human remains, but is particularly difficult because the high amount of microbial DNA was often co-extracted with human bone DNA. We found that a phenol/chloroform extraction, followed by ultrafiltration, and cleanup by via the $QIAquick^{(R)}$ PCR purification kit yields higher amounts of human genomic DNA compared with extraction by the column affinity $method^{(R)}$ alone. Ultrafiltration extraction of human DNA from ten exhumed bone samples yielded $0.041-1.120ng/{\mu}L$ DNA (mean = $0.498ng/{\mu}L$ DNA), and purification using the column affinity resulted in $0.016-0.064ng/{\mu}L$ DNA (mean = $0.034ng/{\mu}L$ DNA). Although the STR genotyping by the column affinity method was partially successful, all DNA samples by the ultrafiltration method produced full profiles from the multiplex PCR. The efficiency of STR genotyping was in accordance with the amounts of the human DNA extracted.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.496-503
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• 2022

In the reality that the fishing population is decreasing and the single-man fishing vessels is increasing, mandatory equipment for navigation and radio equipments for the safety of fishing boats has continued to be added. Therefore, many equipment such as navigation, communication and fishing are installed in the narrow steering room, so it is very confusing and a number of monitors are placed in the front, which is a factor that degrades the function of maritime observation. To solve this problem, we studied an interface that integrates and operates to major radio facilities such as very high frequency-digital selective calling equipment (VHF-DSC), automatic identification system (AIS) and fishing boat location transmission device (V-pass) into one multi function display (MFD) based on LAN. In addition, IEC61162-450 UDP packets and IEC61162 sentence were applied to exchange data through link between MFD and radio equipments, and additional messages needed for each equipment and function were defined. The integrated MFD monitor is easily operated by the menu method, and the performance of the interface was evaluated by checking the distress and emergency communication functions related to maritime safety and the message transmission status by equipment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.437-447
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• 2023

By actively adopting technologies from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the port industry is trending toward new types of ports, such as automated and smart ports. However, behind the development of these ports, there is an increasing risk of cyber security incidents and threats within ports and container terminals, including information leakage through cargo handling equipment and ransomware attacks leading to disruptions in terminal operations. Despite the necessity of research to enhance cyber security within ports, there is a lack of such studies in the domestic context. This study focuses on Busan Port, a representative port in South Korea that actively incorporates technology from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in order to discover variables for improving cyber security in container terminals. The research results categorized factors for enhancing cyber security in Busan Port's container terminals into network construction and policy support, standardization of education and personnel training, and legal and regulatory factors. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was conducted based on these factors, leading to the identification of detailed factors for securing and enhancing safety, reliability, performance, and satisfaction in Busan Port's container terminals. The significance of this study lies in providing direction for enhancing cyber security in Busan Port's container terminals and addressing the increasing incidents of cyber security attacks within ports and container terminals.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.466-478
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• 2022

Objective: ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is often used for detecting malignancy in patients with newly diagnosed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), with acceptable sensitivity but relatively low specificity. The aim of this study was to improve the diagnostic ability of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in identifying malignancy in patients with HLH by combining ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and clinical parameters. Materials and Methods: Ninety-seven patients (age ≥ 14 years) with secondary HLH were retrospectively reviewed and divided into the derivation (n = 71) and validation (n = 26) cohorts according to admission time. In the derivation cohort, 22 patients had malignancy-associated HLH (M-HLH) and 49 patients had non-malignancy-associated HLH (NM-HLH). Data on pretreatment ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and laboratory results were collected. The variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Pearson's chi-square test, and a nomogram for predicting M-HLH was constructed using multivariable binary logistic regression. The predictors were also ranked using decision-tree analysis. The nomogram and decision tree were validated in the validation cohort (10 patients with M-HLH and 16 patients with NM-HLH). Results: The ratio of the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the lymph nodes to that of the mediastinum, the ratio of the SUVmax of bone lesions or bone marrow to that of the mediastinum, and age were selected for constructing the model. The nomogram showed good performance in predicting M-HLH in the validation cohort, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.875 (95% confidence interval, 0.686-0.971). At an appropriate cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying M-HLH were 90% (9/10) and 68.8% (11/16), respectively. The decision tree integrating the same variables showed 70% (7/10) sensitivity and 93.8% (15/16) specificity for identifying M-HLH. In comparison, visual analysis of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images demonstrated 100% (10/10) sensitivity and 12.5% (2/16) specificity. Conclusion: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT may be a practical technique for identifying M-HLH. The model constructed using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT features and age was able to detect malignancy with better accuracy than visual analysis of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1168-1176
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• 2024

Objective: As a charismatic species, cashmere goats have rich genetic resources. In the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, there are three cashmere goat varieties named and approved by the state. These goats are renowned for their high cashmere production and superior cashmere quality. Therefore, it is vitally important to protect their genetic resources as they will serve as breeding material for developing new varieties in the future. Methods: Three breeds including Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMCG), Hanshan White cashmere goats (HS), and Ujimqin white cashmere goats (WZMQ) were studied. IMCG were of three types: Aerbas (AEBS), Erlangshan (ELS), and Alashan (ALS). Nine DNA samples were collected for each population, and they were genomically re-sequenced to obtain high-depth data. The genetic diversity parameters of each population were estimated to determine selection intensity. Principal component analysis, phylogenetic tree construction and genetic differentiation parameter estimation were performed to determine genetic relationships among populations. Results: Samples from the 45 individuals from the five goat populations were sequenced, and 30,601,671 raw single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained. Then, variant calling was conducted using the reference genome, and 17,214,526 SNPs were retained after quality control. Individual sequencing depth of individuals ranged from 21.13× to 46.18×, with an average of 28.5×. In the AEBS, locus polymorphism (79.28) and expected heterozygosity (0.2554) proportions were the lowest, and the homologous consistency ratio (0.1021) and average inbreeding coefficient (0.1348) were the highest, indicating that this population had strong selection intensity. Conversely, ALS and WZMQ selection intensity was relatively low. Genetic distance between HS and the other four populations was relatively high, and genetic exchange existed among the other four populations. Conclusion: The Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (AEBS type) population has a relatively high selection intensity and a low genetic diversity. The IMCG (ALS type) and WZMQ populations had relatively low selection intensity and high genetic diversity. The genetic distance between HS and the other four populations was relatively high, with a moderate degree of differentiation. Overall, these genetic variations provide a solid foundation for resource identification of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region cashmere goats in the future.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.517-525
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• 2023

The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) have become a serious problem worldwide. The involvement of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) in inducing carbapenem resistance is particularly acute. However, unlike other members of the Enterobacteriaceae genus, new clones of P. aeruginosa are constantly emerging and rapidly replacing previously prevalent dominant clones. Therefore, this study aimed to perform antimicrobial resistance gene analysis, integron gene cassette analysis using DNA sequencing, and plasmid transfer analysis by conjugation to investigate the antimicrobial resistance dynamics of 18 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from various medical samples at a general hospital in Busan from September 2017 to September 2019. All 18 strains showed extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype and were resistant to most antibiotics, except colistin (100%) but were susceptible to aztreonam (22.2%) and ceftazidime (16.6%). Approximately 66.7% of the strains had Class 1 integrons showing various antimicrobial resistances. Notably, IMP-6 ST235 (66.7%), VIM-2 ST357 (16.7%), and IMP-1 ST446(16.7%) were identified. The identification of IMP-1-producing ST446, previously unreported in Korea, is noteworthy considering the emergence and prevalence of another MRPA high-risk clone.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 2023

BACKGROUND: ¹⁸F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT) has been proven to be useful in identification of microcalcifications, which are stimulated by inflammation. Blood speckle imaging (BSI) is a new imaging technology used for tracking the flow of blood cells using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). We evaluated the relationship between turbulent flow identified by BSI and inflammatory activity of the aortic valve (AV) as indicated by the ¹⁸F-NaF uptake index in moderate aortic stenosis (AS) patients. METHODS: This study enrolled 18 moderate AS patients diagnosed within the past 6 months. BSI within the aortic root was acquired using long-axis view TEE. The duration of laminar flow and the turbulent flow area ratio were calculated by BSI to demonstrate the degree of turbulence. The maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean) and the total microcalcification burden (TMB) as measured by ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT were used to demonstrate the degree of inflammatory activity in the AV region. RESULTS: The mean SUVmean, SUVmax, and TMB were 1.90 ± 0.79, 2.60 ± 0.98, and 4.20 ± 2.18 mL, respectively. The mean laminar flow period and the turbulent area ratio were 116.1 ± 61.5 msec and 0.48 ± 0.32. The correlation between SUVmax and turbulent flow area ratio showed the most positive and statistically significant correlation, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.658 and a p-value of 0.014. CONCLUSIONS: The high degree of trans-aortic turbulence measured by BSI was correlated with severe AV inflammation.