• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.771-794
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• 2015

This paper proposes an innovative method for selection of measurement sets in static parameter identification of concrete or steel bridges. This method is proved as a systematic tool to address the first steps of Structural System Identification procedures by observability techniques: the selection of adequate measurement sets. The observability trees show graphically how the unknown estimates are successively calculated throughout the recursive process of the observability analysis. The observability trees can be proved as an intuitive and powerful tool for measurement selection in beam bridges that can also be applied in complex structures, such as cable-stayed bridges. Nevertheless, in these structures, the strong link among structural parameters advises to assume a set of simplifications to increase the tree intuitiveness. In addition, a set of guidelines are provided to facilitate the representation of the observability trees in this kind of structures. These guidelines are applied in bridges of growing complexity to explain how the characteristics of the geometry of the structure (e.g. deck inclination, type of pylon-deck connection, or the existence of stay cables) affect the observability trees. The importance of the observability trees is justified by a statistical analysis of measurement sets randomly selected. This study shows that, in the analyzed structure, the probability of selecting an adequate measurement set with a minimum number of measurements at random is practically negligible. Furthermore, even bigger measurement sets might not provide adequate SSI of the unknown parameters. Finally, to show the potential of the observability trees, a large-scale concrete cable-stayed bridge is also analyzed. The comparison with the number of measurements required in the literature shows again the advantages of using the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.247-249
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• 2007

Crown parameters are important roles in tree species identification, because the canopy is the aggregate of all the crowns. However, crown measurements with spaceborne image data have remained more difficult than on aerial photographs since trees show more structural detail at higher resolutions. This recognized problem led to the initiation of the research to determine if high resolution satellite image data could be used to identify and classify single tree species. In this paper, shape parameters derived from pixel-based crown area measurements and texture features derived from GLCM parameters in QuickBird image were tested and compared for individual tree species identification. As expected, initial studies have shown that the crown parameters and the canopy texture parameters provided a differentiating method between coniferous trees and broad-leaved trees within the compartment(less than forest stand) for single extraction from spaceborne high resolution image.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.2888-2898
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• 2021

Vital area identification (VAI) is an essential procedure for the design of physical protection systems (PPSs) for nuclear power plants (NPPs). The purpose of PPS design is to protect vital areas. VAI has been improved continuously to overcome the shortcomings of previous VAI generations. In first-generation VAI, a sabotage fault tree was developed directly without reusing probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) results or information. In second-generation VAI, VAI model was constructed from all PSA event trees and fault trees. While in third-generation VAI, it was developed from the simplified PSA event trees and fault trees. While VAIs have been performed for NPPs in full-power operations, VAI for NPPs in low-power and shutdown (LPSD) operations has not been studied and performed, even though NPPs in LPSD operations are very vulnerable to sabotage due to the very crowded nature of NPP maintenance. This study is the first to research and apply VAI to LPSD operation of NPP. Here, the third-generation VAI method for full-power operation of NPP was adapted to the VAI of LPSD operation. In this study, LPSD VAI for a few plant operational states (POSs) was performed. Furthermore, the operation strategy of vital areas for both full-power and LPSD operations was discussed. The LPSD VAI method discussed in this paper can be easily applied to all POSs. The method and insights in this study can be important for future LPSD VAI that reflects various LPSD operational states. Regulatory bodies and electric utilities can take advantage of this LPSD VAI method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.9B
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• pp.1360-1368
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• 2010

Recently, as the development of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology becomes active, the demand for services which can electronically manage the history and location information of major trees, including trees for cultural heritage restoration and nurse trees, has been increased. This information has been managed by separated drawings and documents or storing its information into PDAs and then structuring data files through input and computation. But, these methods imply limitations in terms of its extensibility and scalability. This paper has designed and implemented an RFID based Tree History Information System (THIS) for cultural heritage restoration. The purpose of the proposed system is to support to be able to effectively and consistently manage historical information of major trees and improve working processes by implementing mobile RFID services through wireless Internet or Local Area Network (LAN) as mobile communication networks. Through implementation, it is confirmed that the proposed system can manage the historical information of major trees more effectively than conventional methods and also improve previous field working conditions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2018

The objective of this work was to accomplish the isolation, molecular identification and characterizing the physiology of the causal agent of the algal spot in mango trees. For this purpose, the pathogen growth was assessed in different culture media, with subsequent observation and measurements of the filamentous cells. The molecular identification was made using mycelium obtained from leaf lesions and pure algae colonies grown in culture medium. Descriptions based on DNA sequencing indicated that the algae is Cephaleuros virescens. The algae must be isolated primarily in liquid medium for further pricking into agar medium. The highest mycelial growth average in Petri dishes occurred when the algae were grown in Trebouxia and BBM. Trebouxia enabled larger cells in the filamentous cells when compared to other culture media.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2018

Fungal endophytes are defined as fungi inhabiting plant tissues, causing no apparent disease. As the agricultural and ecological importance of endophytes has increased, many studies have been performed on various aspects, ranging from basic identification, taxonomy, and evolution to secondary metabolites with potential for human use. In the Korean Peninsula, conifers are the most commonly found evergreen trees, with approximately 30 to 60 reported taxa. Studies on the effect of conifer-associated endophytes on the host plants are required for the preservation and conservation of coniferous forests which decline by climate change and deforestation. This review summarizes the diversity of endophytic fungi in coniferous trees of Korea and their relationship with host plants.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2 s.130
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• pp.56-64
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the frequency of blue staining fungal species collected from pine trees, Experimental Forests of Kangwon National University in Korea based on their morphological characteristics. In addition the tolerance to fungicide, Woodguard, was assessed to get basic knowledges for preventing blue stain of wood. Totally Leptographium-type fungi were dominated by 79.3% among Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with scolityd bark beetles in pine trees. Leptographium-type Ds-isolates which have unusual morphology were collected as frequency of 17.0%. The most distinct differeneces of these Ds-isolates from L. procerum were the presence of roughened hyphae and flask-shaped conidiophores that have never been mentioned formerly for L. procerum, but since these Ds-isolates formed black concentric rings being a property of L. procerum, the Df-isolates were characterized as Leptographium-type fungi, which are the most common species with the highest frequency by 33.2% in this particular area. According to our experimental results, Leptographium-type Ds- and Df-isolates were very resistant to fungicide, Woodguard, therefore it was suggested that a new method for wood protection from the blue staining fungi should be developed. Exact identification of blue staining isolates collected from pine trees is keep going.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

Phylogenetic positions of Sedirea and Neofinetia were addressed using the chloroplast matK and the nuclear ITS sequences. We also evaluate the usefulness of the makers for the identification of species and localities. Sedirea and Neofinetia form an independent monophyletic genus, respectively, in both matK and nuclear ITS trees. The sister genus of the Neofinetia was Vanda in both trees. In addition, our trees support the separate recognition of the Neofinetia from Vanda rather than the inclusion of Neofinetia into Vanda. The sister group of the Sedirea was (Dimorphorchis(Pteroceras(Saccolabiun+Phalaeonopsis))) clade. The Dimorphorchis was one of the most probable sister genus to the Sedirea. The sister group relationship between Sedirea and Aerides was suggested by their similar morphology, but not supported in molecular trees. The identification of species and localities of Neofinetia was possible using our two molecular markers. However, several pseudo-gene sequences are discovered from the public data base. In addition, the horizontal gene transfer of chloroplast genomes is frequent events in orchid hybrids. Therefore, we need a careful evaluation for the data prior to systematic use. Generation of sequence data from multiple accessions of a species may helpful to reduce these types of error.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2002

We investigated the high yield capacity of Hwangchil lacquer for selection and identification of major aromatic components of the selected trees as well. The Hwangchil lacquer showed the difference yields by different habitat, tree ages and individual character. The selected trees showed high yield capacity of Hwangchil lacquer. We also investigated the essential oil contents and its the main components to analysis the potent of mass propagation. The major compounds were 1,6-atadiene-3-ol., ${\alpha}-terpinene,\;{\alpha}-cubebene,\;{\alpha}-ylangene,\;{\alpha}-copane,\;{\beta}-elemene,\;germacrene-D,\;{\beta}-selinene,\;{\alpha}-selinene,\;{\delta}-cadinene,{\gamma}-cardinene$, germacrene B, germacrene D-4-ol. The most principle component was germacrene D among them respectively. However, the difference of relative content ratio of each major compound was showed by individuals, population and native areas in the selected trees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2017

This study describes DNA fingerprinting analysis of twenty-three natural monument individuals of Ginkgo biloba using eight microsatellite markers. The average number of observed alleles was 6.875, and the expected heterozygosity and the observed heterozygosity were 0.711 and 0.710, respectively. This results were similar to those of the previous studies on Ginkgo trees analyzed by same markers in China and Japan. PIC value and PD were calculated at 0.677 and 0.9999 respectively, indicating a high individual identification efficiency. In fact, all of the natural monument ginkgo trees and additionally analyzed thirteen general ginkgo tress were identified by genotype comparison. PI and PD calculated in three markers (Ging06, Gb60, Gb61) with the highest PIC values calculated in natural monument ginkgo trees were $8.045{\times}10^{-5}$ and 99.99%, respectively. Thus, these three markers could be preferentially used in DNA fingerprinting for identifying ginkgo tree individuals. The results in this study will be useful for management of natural monument ginkgo trees, proliferation of their progeny and genetic identification of individuals selected in breeding process.