• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.309-321
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• 2004

For a complete open Riemannian manifold, the ideal boundary consists of points at infinity. The so-called Busemann-functions play the role of distance functions for points at infinity. We study the similarity and difference between Busemann-functions and ordinary distance functions.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 2024

In this paper, we have presented rough ideal statistical convergence of sequence on neutrosophic normed spaces as a significant convergence criterion. As neutrosophication can handle partially dependent components, partially independent components and even independent components involved in real-world problems. By examining some properties related to rough ideal convergence in these spaces we have established some equivalent conditions on the set of ideal statistical limit points for rough ideal statistically convergent sequences.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.135-147
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• 1997

Let k be an infinite field and let $X = {P_1, \cdots, P_s}$ be a set of s-distinct points in $P^n$. We denote by $I(X)$ the defining ideal of $X$ in the polynomial ring $R = k[x_0, \cdots, x_n]$ and by A the homogeneous coordinate ring of $X, A = \sum_{t = 0}^{\infty} A_t$.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 1998

In this paper we prove the Hopf-Rinow theorem for CAT(0) spaces and show that the ideal boundaries of complete CAT(0) manifolds of dimension 2 or 3 with some additional conditions are homeomorphic to the circle or 2-sphere by the characterization of the local shadows around the branch points.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.149-164
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• 1994

This stidy was carried out for purpose of investigating the degree of perception in the First clinical practice. The data of this study were collected by self-reported questionnaire composed of 5point rating scale measure the ideal level, satisfaction level and Stress level. For the analysis of the data, percentage, MANOVA, ANOVA and Scheffe test were 216 nursing students in 1 Junior College and 2 university in Taegu. Data was administrated from October 4 through 13, 1994 The results were as follow : 1. The average mean Score for the ideal level was 3.91 with a maximum possible score 5points. The highest mean score was infection controll 4.40 and the lowest mean score was comfort measure 3.44. The average mean score for the satisfaction level was 3.33 with a maximum possible score 5points. The highest mean score was Medication 3.54 and the lowest mean score was communication 3.01. The average mean score for stress level was 3.10 with a maximum possible score 5points. The highest mean score was spiritual and psychological care 3.45, the lowest mean score was Temperature controll 2.51. 2. In the analysis of the relationship between the ideal level, Satisfaction level and Stress level, no significant differance was found in college and university, religion, admission, satisfaction, health, economy, parent 3. In the analysis of the relationship between the ideal level, satisfaction level, stress level and general characteristics, significant difference was found in economicststus in the ideal level. Significant difference was found in economic status(upper class, middle class)in Scheffe test of the ideal level.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.523-541
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• 2014

We apply a Bayesian estimation procedure to the analysis of roll call voting records on 2,389 bills processed during the 18th Korean National Assembly. The analysis of roll calls yields useful tools for to combining the measurement of legislative preference with the models of legislative behavior. The current Bayesian procedure is extremely exible, applicable to any legislative setting, irrespective of the extremism of the legislator's voting history or the number of roll calls available for analysis. It can be applied to any legislative settings, providing a useful solution to many statistical problems inherent in the analysis of roll call voting records. We rst estimate the ideal points of all members of the 18th National Assembly and their condence intervals. Subsequently, using the estimated ideal points, we examine the factional disparity within each major party using the estimated ideal points. Our results clearly suggest that there exists a meaningful ideological spectrum within each party. We also show how the Bayesian procedure can easily be extended to accommodate theoretically interesting theoretical models of legislative behavior. More specically, we demonstrate how the estimated posterior probabilities can be used for identifying pivotal legislators.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 1979

The title of research is a study on the leadership in Korean management. The purpose of research is that I build up the ideal management-leadership in future which is objective and suitable studying through the existing theory at all points, and analyzing the leadership in Korean management concentrated on situational factors. Moreover it contributes to the promotion of productivity, the contents of research 1. The importance of management-leadership. 2. The development in theory concentrated on a principle of leadership. 3. The development in behavioral scientific leadership, which adopts situational approach to its methodology. 4. The study on the leadership-style and the pursuit of the ideal management-leadership in accordance with behavioral analysis. 5. The build up of leadership in Korean management. The refore I learn the following facts through the study on the leadership in modern management. 1. Leadership consists of the relations among all interdependant variables composing of system. 2. The problem of the increase in the management-leadership effectiveness. 3. The pursuit oriented ideal management-leadership. 4. The build-up of leadership in Korean management. So far 1 have studied the theory of management-leadership at all points and the leadership in Korean management concentrated on situational factors. I learn that leadership is made of the relations among these in building the future management-leadership. Therefore I try to come to the conclusion by raising the following three problems. 1. The increase in leadership effectiveness. 2. Leadership-oriented. 3. The build-up of the leadership in Korean management.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.4 s.97
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• pp.26-36
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• 1999

A general procedure for determining the optimum location of suspension hard points with respect to kinematic design parametes is presented. Suspensions are modeled as connection of rigid bodies by ideal kinematic joints. Constraint equations of the kinematic joints are expressed in terms of the generalized coordinates and hard points. By directly differentiating the constraint equations with respect to the hard points, kinematic sencitivity equations are obtained. In order to cope with algebraic complexity associated with the differentiation process, a symbolic computation technique is used. A performance index is defined in terms of static design parameters such as camber, caster, toe, ect.. Gradient of the performance index can be analytically computed from the kinematic sensitivity equations. Optimization results show the effectiveness and validity of the procedure, which is applicable to any type of suspension if its kinematic configurations are given.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2005

Using the concept of fuzzy points, the notions of fuzzy point BCC-(sub) algebras, quasi BCC-(sub)algebras and quasi BCC-ideals are introduced. Some characterizations of them are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.193-205
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• 1994

The Study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the degree of perception in nursing activities. The data of this study were collected by self-reported questionnaire composed of 5 point rating scale measure the ideal level and the performance level of nurses activity. For the analysis of the data, percentage, MANOVA and ANOVA were 231 nurses in 3 general hospitals in Taegu. Data was administrated from October 4 through 14, 1994. The results were as follow : 1. The average mean score for the ideal level was 4.19 with a maximum possible score 5points. The highest mean score was Infection Controll and the lowest mean score was nutrition The average mean score for the performance level was 3.75, the highest mean score was fluid and electrolyte, the lowest mean score was nutrition. In the desirable nursing pergormance, Education was found the highest response above charge nurse, Medication was found the highest response above General nurse, environment was found the highest response above aide. 2. In the analysis of the relationship between the ideal level and th performance level, significant defference was found in age, position, career, marital status, occupation satisfaction, Nursing unit, parent. 3. In the analysis of the relationship between the ideal level and the performance level and the general characteristics, significant difference was found in marital status in the ideal level of direct nursing care, significant difference was found in age, position, marital status, nursing unit in the ideal level of indirect nursing care, significant difference was found in age, position, career, marital status, occupation satisfaction, nursing unit in the performance level of direct nursing care. significant difference was found in age (25-29) and above 30 career(4-7 and 7), occupation satisfaction(good and moderate, good and poor) in scheffe test of the performance level of direct nursing care.