• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.248-257
• /
• 2006

Total naturalized plant species in the streams of Jeonju were listed as 109 taxa; 24 families, 75 genera, 106 species, 3 varieties. Dividing by stream, Jeonju stream has 75 taxa; 20 families, 55 genera, 73 species, 2 varieties. Samcheon stream has 86 taxa; 19 families, 64 genera, 84 species, 2 varieties. Soyang stream has 80 taxa; 21 families, 60 genera, 77 species, 3 varieties. Urbanization Index (UI) of total streams (109 taxa) was 40.2%. UI was 27.7% in Jeonju stream (75 taxa), 31.7% in Samcheon stream (86 taxa), 29.5% in Soyang stream (80 taxa). Dividing by degree of naturalization classification, 25 taxa (9.2%) were found in class 5, 17 taxa (6.2%) in class 4, 32 taxa (11.8%) in class 3, 27 taxa (9.9%) in class 2 and 8 taxa (2.9%) in class 1. Dividing by introduction period, 48 taxa (44%) aye in period I, 19 taxa (17%) in period II, 42 taxa (39%) in period III. Dividing by growth type, 48 taxa (44%) are annuals, 25 taxa (23%) are biennials, 33 taxa (30%) are perennials. Dividing by the place of origin, 39 taxa (35%) are from Euyope, 33 taxa (30%) from North America, 11 taxa (10%) from Tropic America, 9 taxa (8%) from Europe Asia,5 taxa (5%) from South America, 5 taxa (5%) from China.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.145-159
• /
• 2016

This study points out the problems of absence of the legislation for standard regulation on Video on Demand(VoD) advertisement which grows so fast lately, for this it recommends making legal references, which have the definition of non-linear broadcasting & VoD advertisement and VoD advertisement standard regulation in the merged Broadcasting Act, and adopting co-regulation system. Pay TV operators providing VoD service have the opportunities to make money as subscribers uses it increasingly. In case of linear service, the Broadcasting Act regulates the advertisement strictly, but not the VoD ads. The reason why is that Korean legislation including the Broadcasting Act does not have legal reference to regulate it, instead of that, it rely on the self-regulation system which is operated by pay-tv players who provide the VoD ads. So, there is the limitation to protect the minors such as children and youth from the harmful VoD ads, to be invulnerable for advertisers to influence to advertising agents, and to ensure the regulatory effectiveness under player-centric self-regulatory regime. In this context, this study analyses the how to regulate VoD ads standard with a three-pronged approach. First, it analyses the VoD ads regulation system in overseas countries, UK, Canada, EU and Ireland. Each country has the legal reference to regulate it in the Broadcasting Act or lower statures and adopts the co-regulatory regime the NRA and the 3rd entity operate together. Second, it reviews the objectives and scope of VoD ads standard. This study recommends that the objective of it is users protection and the scope of it is standard regulation not commercial practice. Third, this study researches how to legislate for regulation of VoD ads standard. Considering VoD service's characteristics(non-linear service) and legal position of Ads agency(i.e. pay tv operators), it suggest that legal reference will be in the integrated Broadcasting bill, which is the general law, not individual. If it is available to regulate VoD ads standard with co-regulatory regime, it expects the enhancement of user protection from the harmful VoD ads and make up sustainability of the pay-tv players' self-regulation.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.553-571
• /
• 2015

Mathematical, verbal, and spatial abilities are known as three important indicators for the success in the STEM disciplines. In this study, Purdue Spatial Visualization Test-Rotation, College Entrance Scholastic Aptitude Test- Math and Verbal score of engineering freshmen students have been used to find the relationships among these areas. In addition, gender differences in spatial visualization, verbal achievement and mathematical achievement have been investigated, too. In this research, I found that gender difference was highest in spatial visualization ability, followed by verbal achievement and smallest in mathematical achievement. Substantial number of male students possess high level of spatial abilities, but only half of female students were at the same level where their male colleagues were. The correlation between spatial ability and mathematical ability was negligible, contrary to former researches on elementary and middle school students. But the correlation was stronger for female students than male students. The correlation between mathematical achievement and verbal achievement was negative. It reflects the fact that when one section of SAT score is low, score of other sections should be higher to get admitted to college. Gender difference in mathematics was smallest for high achieving spatial ability group. For low spatial ability group gender difference in mathematics achievement has been observed, too. To find the combined contribution of spatial and verbal abilities to mathematics achievement, students were divided into 4 ability groups. Mathematics achievement decreased in the order of (1) high spatial -low verbal group, (2) low spatial - low verbal group, (3) high spatial - high verbal group, (4) low spatial - high verbal group.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.459-468
• /
• 2004

An experiment was conducted to establish comparison of ventulation efficiency in an enclosed and conventional growing-finishing pig house. The main results of the experiment are as follows : In the established temperature was sustained at the level of summer 24.8${\sim}$29.1$^{\circ}C$, winter 17.9${\sim}$23.1$^{\circ}C$ during the experimental period of enclosed growing-finishing pig house, and conventional growing-finishing pig house was at the lovel of summer 24.7${\sim}$32.3$^{\circ}C$, winter 14.5${\sim}$18.2$^{\circ}C$ during the experimental period respectively. As for the results of dertimental gas(ammonia) concentration ratio analysis, while the conventional pig house sustained of summer 9.3${\sim}$16.9 mg/$\ell$ level, enclosed growing-finishing pig house sustained of summer 7.9${\sim}$16.1 mg/$\ell$, and the latter one is lower than that of the conventional growing-finishing pig house. Air flow rate on the floor level which is the low part of pen and the active area of pigs in the enclosed growing and finishing pig house during winter was measured at 0 to 0.87 m/s at the 0.01 to 2.73 m/s at the maximum ventilation efficiency. As for breeding pigs in summer, the pigs from the conventional pig house weighed 100.2kg, on the other hand, the pigs from enclosed growing-finishing pig house weighed 107.3 kg ; the differnce between the two kinds was about 7 kg. This was because the most adequate environment, which was not influenced by the exterior atmosphere, was offered to the pigs from enclosed growing-finishing pig house, and all of this could reduce pigs stress effectively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Synechocystis sp. KACC 91007 when added to a pig slurry or pig liquid fertilizer (PLF) on germination index (GI) of Chinese cabbage. The preliminary experiment involved the screening of inoculant levels which were; 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and $0.3\%$, respectively. The $0.05\%$ level of inoculant was selected based on low phytotoxicity and high GI.. The PLF underwent a 107 day aerobic and anoxic processing conditions. The T-N, T-P, $NH_4$, and $NO_3-N$ concentrations of the untreated pig slurry were; 2,873, 753, 1,441.6, and 16.48 ppm, respectively. Using aerobic processing treatment, the fertilizer value of the PLF was 3,672, 164, 183.87, and 21.97 ppm, respectively. In contrast, the fertilizer value of the PLF processed under anoxic condition was reduced to 1,261, 68, 161, and 16.87 ppm. The GI value of the untreated PLF under aerobic and anoxic processing condition was 83 and $40.4^{*}\%$, respectively. With the addition of the $0.05\%$ microbial inoculant, the GI improved by more than 40 and $50\%$ respectively, when the PLF was processed under anoxic and aerobic conditions. The above findings proved that the aerobic processing of PLF for 107 days was better than anoxic and yielded higher T-N which is a macro-nutrient fertilizer material. Consequently, the addition of $0.05\%$ microbial inoculant resulted to a higher GI of the Chinese cabbage specifically under aerobic processing condition.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.10
• /
• pp.53-77
• /
• 2005

This thesis analyzes the effectiveness of master's transformational and transactional leadership on organizational commitment as well as job satisfaction of private security, scrutinizes the difference in master's leadership according to social-demographic group. The sum of this thesis is as follows. To begin with, analyzed the difference of leadership style according to social-demographic characteristics of private security, it showed that monthly income is over 2.5 million won as well as people over 30 years old have higher transformational leadership than the others. That is, the older people's age is and the more someone gains his living, the higher he esteems and trusts his master who has charisma, personal concern and shows intellectual stimulus. And examined thoroughly the difference of organizational commitment as well as job satisfaction in accordance with social-demographic characteristics of private security, people who are 20-25 years old, are college graduates and employees who have worked for 2-3 years do well calculational commitment. It means that the younger he is and the lower academic background is, the higher calculational commitment is by the profit and loss which affects them. Secondly, inquired into consequence of leadership style on job satisfaction. Leadership of intellectual stimulus has negative effect on job satisfaction, whereas it has positive effect on conditional compensation. Exactly, if the master exhibits leadership that stimulate to improve an initiative, it reduces the job satisfaction. On the contrary, for the reason that his master indicates leadership that accompanies conditional compensation, job satisfaction tends to increase. Finally, judged from the effects of leadership style on organizational commitment, the charisma, the lower factor of transformational leadership affects to emotional commitment positively and then, it shows that employees tend to become attached to the organization and have a sense of oneness with it, if their master is able to show charismatic leadership. In conclusion, the private security companies pursue employees whose school career and payment is lower because of incidence in labor expense related with the profit and loss. Owing to it, employees are not satisfied with their job much. And also there is the change in increasing rate of job satisfaction according to business performance of the conditional compensation, i.e. a consideration, a promotion, etc., and the calculational commitment. Therefore, the university should try to focus on the researches for cultivate more professional manpower for business, the companies must try to make better deal, offer welfare for their employees to develop of the private security industry, to rise the job satisfaction of private security. And then, investigation to find private security's own level ought to be done by organic industry-academic cooperation of university and industries.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.385-394
• /
• 2003

An investigation by KRNIC (Korea Network Information Center) on the real state of usage of internet has shown that 96.9％ of children investigated had experiences of using internet. Especially the firstly ranked item that had been answered by children as a necessity of internet was 'Studying to solve tasks' rated by 83.9％. As seen from the research result, the need as a homework sonics is actually so dominant that it cannot be ignored when considering the profitability at the area of education contents, but any profound research has not been accomplished yet. Internet has been positioned as a more effective and fruitful learning tool, and also all activities done by users for exploring informations and choosing learning items under the on-line circumstances are based on the successive mutual reactions between users and computers. Up to now much of the web based learning circumstances has been introducing the User Interface using metaphor, and the same is found dominantly from the sites for children. But in spite of the availability of metaphor mentioned above the current status is much lack of profound researches about metaphor interface; and what is more, in the case of the site for elementary school students the gap of the ability recognizing metaphor is very large between lower classes and higher classes according to the degree of mental growth but that is used to be simply ignored, then a common concept is adapted to interface for all grades of classes and moreover for infant and kindergarten without any objections. Based on foregoing problems this research has put the main focus on the groping and presenting desirable directions on the prospect design of interface for children-oriented sites by analyzing the status of practical usage of metaphor interface in the field of the sites for children-oriented learning sites with concentration upon homework supporting domains.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.139-160
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to develop a teaching and learning plan and practical performance assessment tools for the improvement of teenager-parent communication and relationships as well as explore their effects on the communication in the everyday family life; and (ii) to find the underlying problems of teenager- parent communication through conversation analysis and to provide a improved dialogue model. We provided the experimental group with a performance task of communication training between teenagers and their parents in the real family situation while the control group practiced communication skills in a learning situation. However for both classes, before and after performance tasks were equally provided. The experimental group exhibited a longer conversation time with their parents, better communication skills, and higher degrees of relational satisfaction than the control group. Conversation analysis revealed that the experimental group reduced the use of blocking techniques in the teenager-parent conversations more than the control group, and all so raised the frequency of functional communications more than the control group. In both areas of communication in the experimental group was significantly improved, Most notably, a problem-solving case through no-lose conflict resolution methods was effective, succeeding by 70% in the e experimental group and 43.3% in the control group. Parents use blocking techniques like admonition, lecturing, blaming. sarcastic remarking, ordering and so forth, while teenagers use dispute, avoidance, blaming, and teasing in this order. The communication problems during the conversation process, teenagers' evasive and rebellious way of speaking instigates adverse communication responses from parents, so their conversation tends to unfold as ambiguous evasion opposed to: inquiring or evasion by short answers vs. ordering-preaching, or disputing vs. criticizing-making sarcastic, disputing vs. disputing-teaching, and criticizing vs. criticizing.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.897-902
• /
• 2008

The effect on serum lipid of green aster juice blended with ginseng and carrot extracts was investigated using rats injected with $CCl_4$. The rats were classified with four groups: (i) normal control (NC), (ii) rats fed with the blended juice (BA), (iii) rats treated with $CCl_4$ after having been on a normal diet for 4 weeks ($NC-CCl_4$), and (iv) rats treated with $CCl_4$ after having been fed the blended juice for 4 weeks ($BA-CCl_4$). All groups had similar feed intake. The weight gains and feed efficiency ratio were lower in the $NC-CCl_4$ group. The liver weight per body weight was much higher in the $NC-CCl_4$ group than the NC group, but did not differ between the $BA-CCl_4$ and BA groups. Triglycerides increased only for the $NC-CCl_4$ group (88.72 mg/dL); the other groups had similar levels (56.48-65.33 mg/dL). The BA group had the lowest total cholesterol level (74.08 mg/dL) the other groups had similar levels (96.78-108.83 mg/dL). HDL-cholesterol was lower in the $NC-CCl_4$ group (40.56 mg/dL) compared with the NC group (48.95 mg/dL), but there was no difference between the BA and $BA-CCl_4$ groups. The LDL-cholesterol level was higher in the $NC-CCl_4$ group (55.20 mg/dL the highest level) than the NC group (43.33 mg/dL), and higher in the $BA-CCl_4$ group (50.10 mg/dL) than the BA group (18.09 mg/dL). The lipid peroxide content was much higher in the $NC-CCl_4$ group (22.61 nmol/g) than the NC group (12.52 nmol/g), but the $BA-CCl_4$ (17.41 nmol/g) and BA (13.99 nmol/g) groups were similar. The glutathione content was much lower in the $NC-CCl_4$ group ($2.25\;{\mu}mol/g$) than the NC and BA groups, and decreased to $2.63\;{\mu}mol/g$ for the $BA-CCl_4$ group. The glutathione content of the $BA-CCl_4$ recovered to the level of that in the NC group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.146-153
• /
• 2010

The objectives of this study were to explore food-related lifestyle segments of the older consumers, to identify its socio-demographic characteristics, and to investigate the differences in variables regarding health beliefs. A survey was conducted of adults 55 years of age and older living in Seoul, South Korea from March 28 to April 10, 2007. Out of the 500 distributed questionnaires, 361 were retained for final analysis: a response rate of 72.2%. As a result of cluster analysis, five consumer segments were identified; health-managing group, diet-unconcerned group, convenience-oriented group, taste-oriented group, unpracticed group. Significant differences were found among the five segments in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and variables regarding health beliefs (i.e., perceived self-efficacy, perceived barriers, perceived benefits). In the health-managing group and taste-oriented group, mean scores of perceived self-efficacy (p<0.001) and perceived benefits (p<0.001) were significantly higher than other groups. However, in the diet-unconcerned group and convenience-oriented group, the mean scores of perceived barriers (p<0.01) were significantly high. This study shows that foodservice operators targeting the older consumers should consider characteristics of each segment to develop a customized program.