• 생약학회지
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• 제32권3호통권126호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2001

During the screening for inhibitors of nitric oxide production in LPS-activated macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells, two coumarins were isolated from chloroform extract of the root of Polygonum cuspidatum. They were identified as decursin (1) and decursinol angelate (2) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The $IC_{50}$ values of these compounds on NO production were $0.76\;{\mu}M$ (1) and $2.6\;{\mu}M$ (2), respectively. However, the iNOS activity was not inhibited by treatment with these compounds. Their inhibitory effect on NO production seems to result from the suppression of iNOS induction through the suppression of NF-kB activity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권3호통권134호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2003

In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of amygdalin isolated from persicae Semen have been evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) by the macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Amygdalin significantly inhibited generation of NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistent with these observations, the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) enzyme was also inhibited by amygdalin in a concentration-dependent manner. However, amygdalin did not show any influence on the synthesis of $PGE_2$ and the expression of COX-2. Thus, this study suggests that amygdalin-mediated inhibition of iNOS expression, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ release may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of Persicae Semen.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2015

본 연구에서, 우리는 S. mutans Ag I/II 재조합단백질에 의해 유도되어진 염증유발 단백질의 발현에 홍삼 40% 에탄올 추출물의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 홍삼에탄올추출물은 Ag I/II 재조합단백질에 의해 유도되어진 염증유발물질들의 mRNA와 단백질의 발현을 억제하였다. 더불어 홍삼에탄올 추출물은 NF-κΒ p65가 핵내로 이용하는 것이 억제하였다. 결론적으로 홍삼 40%에탄올추출물은 NF-κB의 활성에 의해 NO 생성과 iNOS 발현이 조절되어지는 것으로 생각되어지며, 염증유발 관련 유전자들의 낮은 발현을 유도하는 것으로 관찰되어졌다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) ethanolic extract fractions (CFEFs). Butanol fraction had the strongest antioxidant activity, and all CFEFs, except for chloroform fraction, partly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in RAW 264.7 cells. In the cell-free system, hexane and butanol fractions chemically quenched nitric oxide (NO). In addition, the iNOS mRNA transcription was suppressed by ethanol extract and hexane fraction in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, the inhibitory effect of CFEFs on NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, might be due to both the chemical NO quenching activity and the suppression of iNOS mRNA transcription partially. The synthesis of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was potently inhibited by ethanol extract to below basal label, and the transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme involving in $PGE_2$ synthesis, was partially suppressed by ethanol extract and hexane fraction. Based on these results, CFEFs may be useful as an alternative medicine for the relief and retardation of immunological inflammatory responses through the reduction of inflammatory mediators, including NO and $PGE_2$ production.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2022

Objective: In this study, we investigated the protective effect of rhododendron mucronulatum extract (RME) on allergic reactions and inflammation. Methods: The effect of RME was determined using ELISA and RT-PCR in RBL-2H3 mast cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. We determined cell viability, β-hexosaminidase release, and the synthesis of IL-4 and TNF-α in RBL-2H3 cells. In addition, we determined NO from RAW 264.7 and the gene expression of IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10. Results: RME inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and synthesis of IL-4 and TNF-α in RBL-2H3 by the anti-DNP IgE plus DNP-HSA stimulation. In addition, RME inhibited the production of NO and the gene expression of IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: From these results, we concluded that RME possesses anti-allergic activity and anti-inflammatory activity due to the inhibition of mast cells and macrophage function.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2008

산화질소는 생물체내에서 생리적이나 병리학적으로 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있으며, 특히 침샘조직에서 침분비작용과 샘혈류 조절에 중요한 인자의 하나로 관여함이 알려져 있다. 산화질소합성효소 (nitric oxide synthase, NOS)는 동위효소로서 내피산화질소합성효소 (endothelial NOS, eNOS), 신경산화질소합성효소 (neuronal NOS, nNOS)와 유도산화질소합성효소 (inducible NOS, iNOS)가 있으며, 세포내에서 내인성산화질소를 합성한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 산화질소합성효소의 세포내 분포에 관한 전자현미경적 연구는 매우 드물며, 흰쥐 침샘에서의 산화질소생산효소(NOS)에 대한 전자현미경적 연구는 없었다. 흰쥐 침샘에서 NOS의 세포내 분포를 규명하기 위하여 면역전자현미경방법을 이용한 금입자표지법을 시행하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. eNOS에 양성 면역반응을 보이는 구조는 침샘의 분비세포 중 장액세포에 있는 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립이었으며, 점액분비세포의 점액분비과립에서는 비교적 약한 면역반응성이 관찰되었다. 즉 턱밑샘과 혀밑샘을 구성하고 있는 두 종류의 분비세포 중 장액세포의 분비과립에 금입자가 비교적 많이 표지되었으며, 점액세포의 분비과립에서는 적은 수의 금입자가 관찰되었고, 침샘의 소엽속관 (intralobular duct)의 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립에서도 금입자가 표지된 것이 관찰되었다. 귀밑샘에서도 장액세포의 분비과립과 소엽속관의 분비과립에 금입자가 표지되었다. nNOS의 양성 면역반응은 턱밑샘에서 점액세포의 분비과립에서만 약간의 금입자가 관찰되었으며, 턱밑샘, 혀밑샘 및 귀밑샘의 분비세포와 분비관세포에서는 iNOS에 대한 양성 면역반응이 관찰되지 않았다. 흰쥐 침샘에서 산화질소합성효소 중 eNOS는 침샘분비세포의 분비과립에 존재하며, 특히 전자밀도가 높은 장액성분비과립에 주로 분포하고 있으며, 분비관 중에서 소엽속관에도 분포하고 있는 것이 관찰되었으나, 다른 동위효소인 nNOS와 iNOS는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 산화질소합성효소가 흰쥐 침샘분비세포의 분비과립과 소엽속관의 분비과립에 분포하고 있는 것으로 보아 침샘에서 산화질소가 침의 생산과 분비에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.621-627
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• 2012

항염증효과가 있는 기능성 식품 및 의약품 소재의 개발을 위하여 천연 식물 자원으로부터 NOS 저해 활성 물질을 분리하고 그 이화학적인 특성에 대해 알아보기 위해 항염증 효과가 있다고 알려져 있는 58가지의 생약재에서 NO 저해효과를 확인해 본 결과 독활에서 80% 이상의 높은 저해활성을 가진 것을 알 수 있었다. 독활 생약재 에탄올 추출물에서 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water 순으로 용매 분획을 실시한 후 NO 생성 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, chloroform 분획에서 가장 높은 저해 활성을 보여 최종 분리 시료로 선정하였으며, open column chromatography(silica gel, $C_{18}$)를 이용하여 최종적인 활성 물질(AC8-MV)을 분리할 수 있었다. 분리한 활성 물질(AC8-MV)의 순도를 확인하기 위하여 analytical HPLC와 LC-ESI-mass spectrum를 분석한 결과 순수한 단일 물질로 분리 되었음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 차후 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer(NMR)를 통해 구조분석을 실시할 것이다. 또한 AC8-MV와 NO저해효과가 유의적으로 차이가 없던 AC8-MVI 활성물질에 대한 순도 및 구조분석을 연구할 것이다. 이를 통해 독활로부터 분리한 활성물질(AC8-MV)이 NO inhibitor 로서 일반 항염증 약물 및 기능성 식품 소재로 실용화될 수 있는 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1514-1518
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• 2003

Angelica sinensis radix, Danggui, is a traditional oriental medication, which has been used to modulate immune response. We report here that aqueous extract of Angelica sinensis radix (ASR) can induces NO production, and inhibit LPS-induced NO production in dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. ASR also induces iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein expression, and exhibit inhibitory effect on iNOS mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Cytokines involved in the regulation of inflammatory reaction and immune response may play a role in the pathogenesis. ASR induces. pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression (IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 gene) in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibits the expressions of these cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. These data indicate that (1) ASR may be a potential therapeutic modulator of NO synthesis in various pathological conditions, and (2) the immunomodulatory effects of ASR may be, in part, associated with the inducing or suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.728-733
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• 2007

Bamboo grass, Sasa quelpaertensis, is a native plant to Jeju Island, Korea. The leaves of Sasa plants are widely used in traditional Korean medicine to treat inflammation-related diseases. We investigated the effect of hot water extract from Sasa quelpaertensis leaves (HWE-SQ) on nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B\;(NF-{\kappa}B)$ activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. HWE-SQ inhibited LPS-induced NO production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Reporter gene assays indicated that HWE-SQ decreases LPS-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcriptional activation. However, HWE-SQ did not affect the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory ${\kappa}B{\alpha}\;(1{\kappa}B{\alpha})$. HWE-SQ also directly inhibited iNOS enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that HWE-SQ suppresses NO synthesis in macrophages by attenuating $NF-{\kappa}B-mediated$ iNOS protein expression and inhibiting iNOS enzymatic activity, thereby implicating a mechanism by which HWE-SQ is able to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases by limiting excessive or prolonged NO production in pathological events.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1277-1283
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• 2002

Silsosangami(SSG) is a formula of treaditional korean medicines as an effective biological response modifier for augmenting host homeostasis of body circulation. Little is known of the biological activity of SSG and previous studies have focused mainly on their anti-thrombosis8). There is a growing interest in the pharmacological potential of the SSG due to the recent finding by our group that SSG and each constituent herbs of SSG were able to inhibit NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with bacterial endotoxin. In this paper, the effects of SSG on platelet aggregation and hemolysis in human blood were studied. SSG provoked remarkable inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation, and APTT were sensitive to the presence of this SSG. Using an in vitro system, APTT was delayed with the increment of the concentrations of these seven compounds. These results suggested that SSG might be used as a novel antithrombotic therapeutic agents in post-myocardial infarction. A SSG reduced NO production in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, without the influence on the activity of iNOS being observed. SSG significantly reduced mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan. Western blot analysis showed that SSG reduced the expression of iNOS. The results indicate that SSG exerts anti-inflammatory effects related to the inhibition of NO production, which could be due to a decreased expression of iNOS.