• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.303-305
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• 2005

3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a contaminant of acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein. Several reports have suggested that chronic exposure to 3-MCPD could produce neurotoxicity in vitro or neurobehavioral effects inaspects of experimental animals. Disturbance of the nitric oxide signaling pathway by chronic exposure to 3-MCPD may be a causal factor of neurological disorders in rats. In order to investigate the relationship between 3-MCPD administration and expression of inducibal nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the numbers and distribution patterns of iNOS-immunoreactive neurons were examined. At the all three bregma level examined, the optical density of iNOS-postive neurons was significantly increased following exposure to 3-MCPD. The change was more severe in the upper layer than in deep layer of the cortex. These data suggest that 3-MCPD toxicity may be mediated through disturbances to the nitric oxide signaling pathway.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.652-656
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• 2005

A number of thioflavones has been synthesized and evaluated for their iNOS inhibitory activities. Thiowogonin (6) was obtained from naturally occurring chrysin in 5 steps. Other thioflavones were prepared from the corresponding flavones in a single step by the reaction with Lawesson's reagent. The biological activities of thioflavones were not enhanced by the functional group conversion from carbonyl to thiocarbonyl. Compounds 11 and 13 showed potent. NO inhibitory activity at high concentration (40 uM), leading to the possible development of novel neuroprotective agents based on wogonin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 2008

Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts of Hibiscus manihot was investigated through the evaluation of its inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory biomarkers (i-NOS, COX-2) in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. Among the sequential solvent fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water), the fractions of dichloromethane (1 ${\mu}g/ml$) and ethyl acetate (5 ${\mu}g/ml$) showed potential inhibitory activities on i-NOS and COX-2 activity in RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that Hibiscus manihot might have an anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of inflammatory markers.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

Objects : This study was performed in order to observe the effects of water extract of Dendrobii herba on intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), Method : ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type IV in Sprague-Dawley rats. After the water extracts of Dendrobii herba were administrated orally once a day for 3 days, hematoma volume, percentage of brain edema, expression of iNOS and MPO were observed using immunohistochemistry. Results : Rats fed with water extracts of Dendrobii herba showed reduction of hematoma volume and percentage of brain edema compared with controls. In addition, Infiltration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) expressing neutrophil and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthatase(iNOS) were significantly reduced in rats fed with water extracts of Dendrobii herba. Conclusion : These results demonstrated that water extracts of Dendrobii herba reduced brain damage of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and subsequent ICH-induced cerebral edema, and inhibited neutrophil infiltration.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2003

Asiaticoside has been tested for the ability as an anti-inflammatory drug using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cell). LPS treatment induced dramatically inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW cells. However, asiaticoside inhibited LPS-stimulated iNOS induction in a concentration-dependent manner. Especially, higher concentrations (＞50 $\mu\textrm{M}$) of asiaticoside completely blocked iNOS induction. In addition, LPS-stimulated expression of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and interleukin-1 $\alpha$ (IL-1 $\alpha$) was inhibited by asiaticoside treatment. Asiaticoside up to 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$ still required to inhibit COX-2 and IL-1 $\alpha$ induced by LPS. Consistent with these findings, treatment with asiaticoside suppressed do novo synthesis and cellular accumulation of prostaglandin $E_2$ to a lesser extent, suggesting that asiaticoside blocked the induction as well as the activity of COX-2 These results suggest the possibility that asiaticoside may be effective therapeutic agents for septic shock and other inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.116-120
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• 2005

Paeonol (2-hydroxy-5-methoxyacetophenone) obtained by silica gel column chromatography of the essential oil extracted from Paeonia moutan (Paeoniaceae) was methylated by dimethylsulfate to yield methylpaeonol (2,5-di-O-methylacetophenone). Both compounds inhibited nitric oxide (NO) foundation in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in nitrite assay. In the western blotting assay, it was shown that both compounds also decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) formation. Methylpaeonol produced more potently inhibited NO-, iNOS and COX-2 formation in the assays than paeonol. These results suggest that paeonol is in part responsible for anti-inflammatory activity of Paeonia moutan, and that synthesis of paeonol derivatives may produce a promising candidate for andtiifnalmmatory agent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2001

Prostaglandins and nitric oxide produced by inducible cyclooygenase (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), respectively, have been implicated as important mediators in the process of inflammation and carcinogenesis. On this line, the potential COX-2 or iNOS inhibitors have been considered as anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents.(omitted)

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2002

The musk has been reported to have significant anti-inflammatory activities in clinical use and several animal models and we examined the effects of water soluble fraction(WSF) of the musk on murine peritoneal macrophages. WSF decreased the production of nitric oxide from the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated murine peritoneal macrophages and also reduced the phagocytic activity of macrophages on the opsonized sheep red blood cells(SRBC). Transcriptional expression level of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) was also decreased and the viability of the treated macrophages was not affected by WSF, suggesting that the effects could be partly explained by transcriptional regulation. Contrary to down-regulating iNOS expression, WSF slightly increased the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha$(TNF-{\alpha})$, which implied its selective action on cellular pathways activated by LPS. Our results showed that anti-inflammatory activities of the musk could be partly explained by the inhibitory effects of the water soluble fraction on the macrophageal activation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2012

Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (1), ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol (2), and 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol(3) were isolated from the fruit body of Phellinus pini. Their structures were based on spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, and NMR (1D and 2D). These compounds were screened for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 reduced NO production in the assay with $IC_50$ values of 29.7 ${\mu}M$ (1), 15.1 ${\mu}M$ (2), and 18.4 ${\mu}M$ (3) respectively. They also suppressed the expression of protein and m-RNA of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose dependent manner by western blot analysis and RT-PCR experiment in LPS-activated microglial cells.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.78.1-78.1
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• 2003

Sauchinone, a known lignan, was isolated from the root of Saururus chinensis as an active principle responsible for inhibiting the production of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by activity-guided fractionation. Sauchinone dose-dependently inhibited not only the production of NO, but also the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, sauchinone prevented LPS-induced NF-kB activation, which is known to play a critical role in iNOS expression, assessed by a reporter assay under the control of NF-kB. (omitted)