• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.167-175
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• 2018

Sarcopenia, a common clinical syndrome in older adults, is defined as decreased muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. Since sarcopenia is associated with the incidence of functional decline, falls, and even mortality in older adults, researchers and health care providers have been keen to accumulate clinical evidence to advocate the screening and prevention of sarcopenia progression in older adults. The factors that may accelerate the loss of muscle mass and function include chronic diseases, inactivity, and deficiency in appropriate nutritional support. Among these, nutritional support is considered an initial step to delay the progression of muscle wasting and improve physical performance in community-dwelling older adults. However, a nationwide study suggested that most Korean older adults do not consume sufficient dietary protein to maintain their muscle mass. Furthermore, considering age-associated anabolic resistance to dietary protein, higher protein intake should be emphasized in older adults than in younger people. To develop a dietary protein recommendation for older adults in Korea, we reviewed the relevant literature, including interventional studies from Korea. From these, we recommend that older adults consume at least 1.2 g of protein per kg of body weight per day (g/kg/day) to delay the progression of muscle wasting. The amount we recommend (1.2 g/kg/day) is 31.4% higher than the previously suggested recommended daily allowance (i.e., 0.91 g/kg/day) for the general population of Korea. Also, evidence to date suggests that the combination of exercise and nutritional support may enhance the beneficial effects of protein intake in older adults in Korea. We found that the current studies are insufficient to build population-based guidelines for older adults, and we call for further researches in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Medical Association
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.765-775
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• 2018

With growing interest in novel digital healthcare devices, such as artificial intelligence (AI) software for medical diagnosis and prediction, and their potential impacts on healthcare, discussions have taken place regarding the regulatory approval, coverage, and clinical implementation of these devices. Despite their potential, 'digital exceptionalism' (i.e., skipping the rigorous clinical validation of such digital tools) is creating significant concerns for patients and healthcare stakeholders. This white paper presents the positions of the Korean Society of Radiology, a leader in medical imaging and digital medicine, on the clinical validation, regulatory approval, coverage decisions, and clinical implementation of novel digital healthcare devices, especially AI software for medical diagnosis and prediction, and explains the scientific principles underlying those positions. Mere regulatory approval by the Food and Drug Administration of Korea, the United States, or other countries should be distinguished from coverage decisions and widespread clinical implementation, as regulatory approval only indicates that a digital tool is allowed for use in patients, not that the device is beneficial or recommended for patient care. Coverage or widespread clinical adoption of AI software tools should require a thorough clinical validation of safety, high accuracy proven by robust external validation, documented benefits for patient outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. The Korean Society of Radiology puts patients first when considering novel digital healthcare tools, and as an impartial professional organization that follows scientific principles and evidence, strives to provide correct information to the public, make reasonable policy suggestions, and build collaborative partnerships with industry and government for the good of our patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.635-644
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• 2018

This descriptive study examined the practical nursing guidelines for the prevention of pressure injuries (PI) in operating rooms and their application. Method: Four general hospitals and three specialized hospitals located in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido province were selected through an online randomization program and nurses at these hospitals who participated in operations and had at least six months work experience were surveyed. Data were collected from January to April 2018 through a survey distributed to 150 nurses, 129 of whom returned the survey (86% recovery rate). The results showed that 43 nurses provided PI prevention care for patients in a lateral position (33.3%), 37 for patients in a supine position (28.7%), and 36 for patients in a prone position (27.9%). Gel was most widely used as the supporting surface material (102 nurses; 79.1%), followed by sponge (62 nurses; 48.1%), and cotton (47 nurses; 36.4%). Skin was often inspected twice, before and after the use of a supporting surface (90nurses; 69.8%), but no designated tool was used to determine the risk of PI developing (76 nurses; 58.9%). Additionally, the patient's position during surgery (83 nurses; 64.3%) and the length of the operation (i.e., more than two hours, in this case) (49 nurses; 38.0%) were determining factors for whether to use a supporting surface. The operating room nurses used the gel, sponge, and cotton as the supporting surfaces for the prevention of PI and confirmed that the cutoff operation time for the use of a supporting surface was more than 2 hours.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.163-178
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• 2016

This study was conducted to compare the effects of general and pathological characteristics of elderly with dementia on their cognitive ability, performance of activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life. Data were collected between July 15 and August 30, 2016 from 136 elderly with dementia who used day care centers. The Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination, Korean version of Modified Barthel Index, and Korean version of the WHO Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version were used for data collection and values obtained were analyzed accordingly. Significant correlations were found between cognitive ability and performance of ADL, between quality of life and cognitive ability, and between cognitive ability and performance of ADL (p<.001). Moreover, quality of life of elderly with dementia was greatly affected by cognitive ability and performance of ADL (p<.01). Therefore, it is believed that more active therapeutic interventions and studies are needed from sociophysical aspect of elderly with dementia. Therefore, it is believed that more active therapeutic interventions and studies are needed from sociophysical aspect of elderly with dementia.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1147-1164
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• 2008

There has been a sharp increase in the number of grandmothers raising grandchildren in contemporary Korean society. However, little is known about the complexity of the experiences of the custodial grandparenting. Most of the studies mainly examined burden/cost and have paid little attention to the positive aspects of custodial grandparenting. In order to overcome this limitation of previous research, this study aims 1) to examine not only the costs but also the rewards of custodial grandparenting and to explore related factors, 2) to develop the typology based on relative rewards-burden perception of grandmothers about custodial grandparenting and explore the group differences. The data were gathered from 449 grandmothers raising their grandchildren as a primary caregiver, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, hierarchical multiple regression and ANOVA, with SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Main findings are as follows: First, custodial grandmothers report not only care-giving burden such as physical burnout and economic burden but also various rewards such as joy of watching their grandchildren grow and feeling good about themselves to be a help with their adult children, i.e. grandchildren's father or mother. Second, factors related to the level of perceived cost of grandparenting are different from the factors affecting the positive aspects of grandparenting. Third, results of the two by two cross-tab analysis based on the level of rewards and burden show that about 32 percent of the grandparents belong to Type II group(high rewards-low cost). This result is quite contrary to the assumption of previous research focusing mostly on cost and burden of custodial grandparenting. Fourth, four groups were different in terms of grandmother & grandchildren's characteristics. Implications of these results are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1161-1171
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion tensor (DT) imaging-derived properties of benign oligemia, true "at risk" penumbra (TP), and the infarct core (IC) during the first 3 hours of stroke onset. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the local animal care and use committee. DT imaging data were obtained from 14 rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) using a 7T magnetic resonance scanner (Bruker) in room air. Relative cerebral blood flow and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated to define oligemia, TP, IC, and normal tissue (NT) every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. Relative fractional anisotropy (rFA), pure anisotropy (rq), diffusion magnitude (rL), ADC (rADC), axial diffusivity (rAD), and radial diffusivity (rRD) values were derived by comparison with the contralateral normal brain. Results: The mean volume of oligemia was $24.7{\pm}14.1mm^3$, that of TP was $81.3{\pm}62.6mm^3$, and that of IC was $123.0{\pm}85.2mm^3$ at 30 minutes after pMCAO. rFA showed an initial paradoxical 10% increase in IC and TP, and declined afterward. The rq, rL, rADC, rAD, and rRD showed an initial discrepant decrease in IC (from -24% to -36%) as compared with TP (from -7% to -13%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in metrics, except rFA, were found between tissue subtypes in the first 2.5 hours. The rq demonstrated the best overall performance in discriminating TP from IC (accuracy = 92.6%, area under curve = 0.93) and the optimal cutoff value was -33.90%. The metric values for oligemia and NT remained similar at all time points. Conclusion: Benign oligemia is small and remains microstructurally normal under pMCAO. TP and IC show a distinct evolution of DT-derived properties within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, and are thus potentially useful in predicting the fate of ischemic brain.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.317-326
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• 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the comparative evaluation of pharmacological efficacy between sulfasalazine alone and combination with herbal medicine on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Balb/c mice received 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 9): group I-normal group, group II-DSS control group, group III-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg), group IV-DSS + sulfasalazine (60 mg/kg), group V-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg) + Radish Extract mixture (30 mg /kg) (SRE). DSS-treated mice developed symptoms similar to those of human UC, such as severe bloody diarrhea and weight loss. SRE supplementation, as well as sulfasalazine, suppressed colonic length and mucosal inflammatory infiltration. In addition, SRE treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules through suppression both MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling pathways, and prevented the apoptosis of colon. Moreover, SRE administration significantly led to the up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzyme including SOD and Catalase. This is the first report that Radish extract mixture combined with sulfasalazine protects against experimental UC via the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis, very similar to the standard-of-care sulfasalazin.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.503-512
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to check the extent to which "instruction of physician or dentist" defined in the Medical Service Technologists, etc. Act is applied in relation to radiography examination procedures for radiological technologists. In addition, it is intended to present basic data on the requirement to revise the Medical Service Technologists, etc. Act in the radiological technologist's duty area and scope of work, The subjects of this study were radiological technologists with license, and the response data were collected after sending the questionnaire link written on the online questionnaire form. The final number of respondents were 1,018, and the response rate was 6.8%. Most of the negative responses were "I have never received 'instruction' for radiologic examination by a physician or dentist, including a radiologist in a medical environment." There were a high perception that "the professionalism in radiation examination on radiological technologists are higher than that of a physician or dentist." They answered that the current continuing education has a great impact on maintaining and continuing professionalism and learning new knowledge in the radiology field. In addition, the radiological technologists provide a very high level of education in areas related to radiography procedure ethics such as patient care, patient safety, and patient privacy protection, as well as specialized fields such as radiation-related examination methods, radiography examination dose, and patient exposure dose. Radiological technologists replied that they were receiving it consistently. In conclusion, in the current medical environment, the 'instruction' of a physician or dentist cannot be seen as being realistically performed. The phrase 'instruction' of a physician or dentist as defined in the Medical Service Technologists, etc. Act is considered inappropriate in respect of the fact that the state recognizes the qualifications of the medical service technologist through a license. It is thought that revision to a new term suitable for the current medical environment is necessary.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.429-438
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• 2021

This study aims to prevent maternal social isolation by analyzing the causes of postpartum obesity and postpartum depression and stress in Korea. Gneral characteristics of mothers as a result of the study: 91.1% (102 people) answered that they had social experience, and only 8% (9 people) answered that they had no social experience. In the question of whether to return to society, 17.9% responded that they have already returned, 54.5% did not, and 18.8% were on maternity leave. As a result of examining the level of BMI increase among mothers through chi-square test of BMI changes before and after childbirth and general characteristics, 55% experienced below-average BMI increase; 45% experienced above-average BMI increase. Those in their 30s accounted for 40.2%, and those in their 40s accounted for 57.1%. Postpartum obesity and maternal psychological status (t-test): Mothers with postpartum obesity were more hypersensitive (t = -1.997, p = 0.048) and more prone to suffer from hard breathing (t = -1.930, p = 0.056), emptiness (t = -2.673, p = 0.010), and body numbness (t = -2.315, p = 0.024) than mothers who are not suffering from not postpartum obesity. Per the results of postpartum BMI increase and maternal psychological state (t-test) analysis, mothers with an average increase in postpartum BMI were more depressed than mothers who did not. Research Results - Postpartum obesity due to pregnancy and childbirth has been identified as an important individual cause affecting mental and physical problems after childbirth. In conclusion, I also think that the government should support the management of maternal obesity and the elimination of depression through the results of this study.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.211-221
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• 2020

The typical biomechanical properties of an internal conical connection (ICC) are axial displacement and loss of preload. The axial displacement of an ICC without a vertical stop can cause the loss of preload and a lowered occlusion. The stress of an ICC is concentrated on the contact interface of the abutment and not on the screw, and during placement, it is important to choose a wider coronal wall thickness as much as possible. The ICC should also be placed below the level of the bone crest. During the restoration of an ICC, care should be taken to ensure an appropriate abutment shape and an accurate connection. To get the best clinical results, it is important to select its wall thickness and place it in the appropriate position to restore it adequately.